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Definition and Structures of Academic Text

Patterns of Paragraph Development
Classification of Paragraphs
Academic Text as Entire Composition
TODAY’S AGENDA

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WHAT IS ACADEMIC
TEXT/WRITING?

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ACADEMIC TEXT – formal way of writing;
a group of sentences/phrases which
have a specific purpose: to persuade, to
describe, to entertain, to argue, and to
narrate.

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ACADEMIC TEXT
ACADEMIC TEXT
It is defined as;
✓ Critical
✓ Objective
✓ Specialized text written by expert or
professional in a specific field using formal
language
✓ Emperical evidences
ACADEMIC TEXT
 + TEXT-INTERNAL COHESION

❑Unity or “ oneness or
connectedness of ideas.
(INSIDE FACTOR). Use of
transitional signals

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 + TEXT- EXTERNAL COHERENCE

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✓It talks about the interrelated of
ideas, consistency, and systematic.
(outside factors)

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 Therefore, academic text is a
product of communication or piece of
language used for academic purposes
or in relation to academic course
(subjects).

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 A text is not a grammatical unit, but
“ a product of communication or piece of
language whose shape is motivated by
its semantic purposes and pragmatic
roles” (Collins and Hollo, 2000).

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STRUCTURES OF ACADEMIC TEXT

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PARAGRAPH

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PATTERNS OF PARAGRAPH DEVELOPMENT
DEDUCTIVE PATTERN
A paragraph whose topic sentence is
stated in the beginning.

INDUCTIVE PATTERN
A paragraph whose topic sentence is
stated in the end.

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PATTERNS OF PARAGRAPH DEVELOPMENT
DEDUCTIVE-INDUCTIVE PATTERN
The topic sentence of this paragraph is
stated in the beginning and restated in the
end.

INDUCTIVE-DEDUCTIVE PATTERN
Topic sentence is stated in the middle

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PATTERNS OF PARAGRAPH DEVELOPMENT
HINTED PATTERN
A paragraph which topic sentence is not
stated, but implied.

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CLASSIFICATIONS OF PARAGRAPHS (FUNCTIONS)
INDEPENDENT PARAGRAPH
Paragraph that stand on its own; it
usually serves as a composition perse, having
a thesis of its own. (ex. fable and parable)

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CLASSIFICATIONS OF PARAGRAPHS (FUNCTIONS)
INTRODUCTORY PARAGRAPH

A paragraph that introduces the

thesis (main idea) of the entire
composition; also called first, opening,
starting or beginning par.

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CLASSIFICATIONS OF PARAGRAPHS (FUNCTIONS)
DEVELOPMENTAL PARAGRAPH

Paragraph that develops/supports

the thesis of the entire composition;
it is also called developing or
supporting par.

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CLASSIFICATIONS OF PARAGRAPHS (FUNCTIONS)
TRANSITIONAL PARAGRAPH

It connects two or more paragraphs;

it is also called connecting, linking or

joining paragraph.

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CLASSIFICATIONS OF PARAGRAPHS (FUNCTIONS)
CONCLUDING PARAGRAPH
Serves to end the entire
composition

Also called closing, ending,

finishing or last paragraph.
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 “
“If you wait for inspiration to write
you’re not a writer, you’re a waiter.”
~ Dan Poynter.

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“It’s none of their business that you
have to learn how to write. Let them
think you were born that way.”
~ Ernest Hemingway

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Thank you!

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References:
Menoy, Jesus Z. (2016). English for Academic and Professional
Purposes: A Multidisciplinary Approach. 707 Tiaga Corner
Kasipagan Streets Barangka Drive, Mandaluyong City: BOOKS
ATBP. PUBLISHING CORP.

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