AB ELECTRIFICATION Midterm

PART 2: Motor Construction

ELECTRIC MOTORS
- o Electric motors are a class of electric machines that
converts electrical energy to mechanical energy

Types of Rotor Construction

Wirewound Type

TYPES OF MOTORS

Squirrel-Cage

Various motor sizes

AC Motor
- fixed speed; and commonly available

DC Motor, PM, TEFC, 1 HP, 1750

rpm, 180VDC
- Speed can be varied smoothly
down to zero Motor Capacity Conversion

1/8 Hp. FHP Universal Motor

- Can run in both AC and DC

Single Phase VS. Three-Phase Motor

- Single phase motor is larger in size than three-phase motor

for the same power capacity.
1/4 HP of motor = 1Hp man
Hpmotor = 2/3 Hpengone
AB ELECTRIFICATION Midterm
Motor Current Simple Motor Circuit

Switching
= Previously, knife switch is used.
- But because of many disadvantages, the use of contactors
are used.

Contactor
- A contactor are operated electromechanically w/o manual
intervention; used for switching current on and off in a circuit.

Motor Starter
- A motor starter is a contactor with the addition of an Terminals
overload relay which will drop out the coil voltage if the
motor overloads

Motor Nameplate
- Service factor is the
permissible amount of
overload a motor can
withstand while remaining
within defined temperature
A limits
AB ELECTRIFICATION Midterm
ELECTRICAL TRANSFORMERS
3.3 Mechanical Switches
- Mechanical Switches open or close the circuits.
2.1 Introduction - Examples: push button switch, drum switch, selector switch,
etc.
- Transformers are electrical machine used to transfer AC
energy from one circuit to another 3.4 Sensors
- Converts the physical action to be
measured into an electrical signal.
- Examples: thermostat, humidistat,
proximity sensor, etc.

3.5 Signaling Devices

- Devices that indicates whether the
equipment is working properly, has
problems, or whatever.
- Examples: pilot lamps, etc

3.6 Solenoids
- Solenoids are a set of coiled wire
2.2 Operating Principles acting as an electromagnet when
current passed through it and
converts electrical energy into
linear mechanical motion.

3.7 Other devices

- Contactors are devices to repeatedly establish and interrupt
an electrical power circuit. (NEMA Definition)

Electric Distribution

4.2 Transmission Lines

- transmission lines run between sub stations

CONTROL DEVICESS

3.1 Standards

ANSI – American National Standards Institutes

DIN – Deutches Institute für Normung (or German Institute 4.3 Substation
for Standardization) - Substation transforms voltage from high to low, or low to
JIS – Japanese Industrial Standards high
NEMA – National Electrical Manufacturers Association
IEC – International Electrotechnical Commission

3.2 Basic Control Devices

4.4 Distribution lines

- Dist. Lines run from the substation to the end-user location
AB ELECTRIFICATION Midterm
4.5 Distribution Post Overcurrent Protection Devices (Cont.)
- The function is to disconnect all the wiring in the building
from the electrical power supply.
- Circuit breakers & fuses must be readily accessible.
- Fuse is an OCP that opens when there is an overcurrent in
the circuit.
- Circuit Breaker is an OCPD equipped with automatic tripping
device to protect the branch circuit

4.8 Branch Circuit

4.6 Service Point - Branch circuit refers to conductors between final
- The service point is where the electric utility’s maintenance overcurrent device and the receptacle outlets, lighting
responsibility ends and the homeowner’s responsibility outlets, or other outlets
begins

- Types of branch circuit

4.6 Service Equipment

- Additional Note: Branch circuit conductors supplying a

single motor shall have an ampacity of not less than 125% of
the motor full load ampere.

BUILDING ELECTRICAL DEVICES

5.1 Building Electrical Devices

- conductors
- raceways
- boxes
4.6.1 Minimun Clearance Req. - switches
1. above roof - outlets
2. vertical clearance from ground (< 600V)
Conductors

3. From building opening

4. Swimming pool

4.7 Overcurrent Protection Devices

- They protect the circuits and equipment from: Overload,
Short circuit, Ground fault

1. Wires ( SOLID, STRANDED )

2. Cables

- CABLES are conductors > 8mm

- WIRES are conductors < 8mm2
- STRANDED WIRE is a twisted wire to form a metallic string
- CORD is the term for a heavy insulated wire
AB ELECTRIFICATION Midterm
- some wire types 6.5 Typical Accessories
- Elbows
- Nipples – is a short length of conduit or tubing material that
is used to extend a conduit system.
- Couplings
WIRE SIZES
7.1 Electrical Boxes

8.1 Switches

6.1 Overview of Conduits

- are tubes that are used to not only protect but also to route
electrical wiring throughout a building.

9.1 Outlets

6.2 Common Types of Conduits

1) RMC (Rigid Metal Conduit)

- has the thickest wall, which makes
it the heaviest steel conduit. It can
be used indoors, outdoors,
underground, and in both concealed
and exposed applications

2) IMC (Intermediate Metal Conduit)

- IMC can be used for the same applications as galvanized
RMC.
3) EMT (Electrical Metallic Tubing)
- EMT is the lightest-weight steel
conduit manufactured

4) PVC