FIRST & SECOND CONDITIONAL

A. Read the sentences describing First and Second Conditionals and circle the correct
words.
1. (If + present simple + will/won’t + infinitive) is the formula for the First / Second
Conditional.
2. (If + past simple + would/wouldn’t + infinitive) is the formula for the First / Second
Conditional.
3. We use the First / Second Conditional to talk about unreal events in the present or future.
4. We use the First / Second Conditional to talk about possible events in the future.
5. In First / Second Conditional sentences, the ‘if’ is sometimes replaced by ‘unless’ or
‘when’.
6. In First / Second Conditional sentences, ‘would’ is sometimes replaced by ‘could’.
7. In Conditional sentences the ‘if’ must / mustn’t be in a separate clause from the ‘will’ or
‘would’.

B.Study each situation and complete the sentence below. Decide whether to use a first or
second conditional structure.
1. According to the weather forecast there is a chance of snow tomorrow.
If it ________(snow), I ________(need) to buy a pair of gloves.
2. Patrick is deciding whether to go to France or Spain on his next holiday.
If Patrick ________(go) to Spain, he ________(be) very satisfied.
3. John works 12 hours a day.
If John ________(not/be) so busy, he ________(have) more time for his family.
4. Kate is out of work, but she goes shopping every day.
If Kate ________(continue) to go shopping, she ________(run out) of money.
5. It is a sunny day with clear blue skies.
If it ________(rain), I ________(need) an umbrella.
6. Anne's boss is very demanding.
If Anne's boss ________(not/be) so demanding, she ________(not/be) so stressed.
7. Daniel has an exam tomorrow.
If Daniel ________(pass) his exam, he ________(celebrate) with his friends.
8. Fabio and Carlo are best friends.
If Fabio and Carlo ________(not/be) best friends, they probably ________(not/be) living
together.
 PRESENT PASSIVE VOICE

1. For positive Simple Present Passive voice sentences:

We use the formula of object + auxiliary verb “to be” (am/is/are) + past participle of the
main verb + “by” + agent (optional).

Active Voice: “They deliver the packages.”

Passive Voice: “The packages are delivered by them.”

2. For negative Simple Present Passive voice sentences:

We use the formula of object + auxiliary verb “to be” (am/is/are) + negative adverb (not)
+ past participle of the main verb + “by” + agent (optional).

Active Voice: “He doesn’t repair the car.”

Passive Voice: “The car is not repaired.”

3. For interrogative Simple Present Passive voice sentences:

We use the formula of auxiliary verb + object + past participle + “by” + agent (optional).

Active Voice: “Do you clean the house?”

Passive Voice: “Is the house cleaned?”

Form of Passive Voice:

A. Write the verbs in the Present Simple Passive.
1. We receive a lot of phone calls every day.
► A lot of phone calls ________ every day.
2. My wife waters the plants.
► The plants ________ by my wife.
3. The kids do the washing-up.
►The washing-up ________ by the kids.
4. Someone sends me a letter.
►A letter ________ to me.
5. They don't deliver the goods on Sundays.
►The goods ________ on Sundays.
6. They don't sell fresh produce every day.
►Fresh produce ________ every day.
7. They don't print these books anymore.
►These books ________ anymore.
8. Mrs Smith doesn't do the cooking.
►The cooking ________ by Mrs Smith.
9. Do they sell vegetables at the market?
► ________ vegetables ________ at the market?
10. Do they make these shoes in Portugal?
► ________ these shoes ________ in Portugal?
11. Do they deliver the milk to your house every morning?
► ________ the milk ________ to your house every morning?
12. Do you do the ironing?
► ________ the ironing ________ by you?

B. Rewrite the sentences transforming them from active to passive. Indicate the agent
complement only when it is important.

1. They make a lot of cars in Korea.

__________________________________________________________________

2. A lot of people in Pakistan play cricket.

__________________________________________________________________

3. They serve lunch from 12.00 to 2 p.m.

__________________________________________________________________

4. A lot of people use computers to buy their holidays.

__________________________________________________________________

5. They speak Portuguese in Brazil.

__________________________________________________________________
 PAST PASSIVE VOICE

1. For positive Simple Past Passive voice sentences:

We use the formula of object of active sentence + was/were + past participle of main verb
+ by + subject of active sentence.

Active Voice: “I wrote an amazing book.”

Passive Voice: “An amazing book was written (by me).”

2. For negative Simple Past Passive voice sentences:

We use the formula of object of active sentence + was/were not + past participle of main
verb + by + subject of active sentence.

Active Voice: “My mother did not bake the food.”

Passive Voice: “The food was not baked by my mother.”

3. For interrogative Simple Past Passive voice sentences:

We use the formula of auxiliary verb + object of active sentence + past participle + “by”
+ agent (optional).

Active Voice: “Did you drink cold tea?”

Passive Voice: “Was cold tea drunk by you?”

A. Complete the article with the correct passive form of the past simple of the verbs in
brackets.

Young people are healthy, sporting, and conscientious about school

A survey ____________ (carry) out last month to find out about the lives of young Britons.
The results of the survey ____________ (publish) in all major newspapers yesterday. The
survey ____________ (develop) to improve local authorities’ services to young people. More
than 111,000 youngsters ____________ (interview). Questionnaires ____________ (send)
to schools or ____________ (email) to youth clubs nationwide. The questions in the survey
____________ (design) to reflect the priorities set out in the Government’s Every Child
Matters initiative which ____________ (launch) last month. 86% of the participants think
they are quite or very healthy and 73% take part in sports. 50% of respondents plan to go to
university when they leave school. The information that emerged from the survey
____________ (give) to schools and local authorities who can compare their results with the
national picture.
B. Rewrite the sentences transforming them from active to passive. Indicate the agent
complement only when it is important.

1. The IT teacher took the students to a computer fair.

_____________________________________________________________________
2. A technician repaired my computer.
_____________________________________________________________________

3. Mark Chapman killed John Lennon in 1980.

_____________________________________________________________________

4. Novak Djokovic won Wimbledon in 2011.

_____________________________________________________________________

5. Robert invited Alison to the school party.

_____________________________________________________________________