□ What is Phylum.?

•!• In biology Phylum is a taxonomic ranking that comes

third in the hierarctfy of classification, below Kingdom
and above Class.

Kingdom
7

t Phylum

L Class
1. Protozoa
► Kingdom:- Protista •
► Main features :- Unicellular

• Protozoa are microscopic in size.

• Each consists of only one cell which
has to carry on all the activities.

► Example :- Amoeba,Euglena,
Paramecium, Trypanosoma.
2. Porifera
•
► Kingdom :- Anamalia
► Main features :- found mostly in the
marine water & bear pores in body.

• No nervous, or circulatory systems.

• Body has many perforation called ostia and a large
pore called osculum .
► Example :- Sponges, Sycon,
Spongilla, Euplectella.
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3. Cnidaria/Coelenterata
•
► Kingdom:- Anamalia
► Main features :- aquatic,mostly marine but Hydra is found in
fresh water.
• cnidoblasts or cnidocytes (contain stinging capsules
or nematocytes) present on the tentacles and the body.
• All are radially symmetrical. This means that the animal is the
same all round, and has no right or left side.
• Example :- Hydra, Jelly-Fishes,
Sea-Anemones and Corals.
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4. Ctenophora
► Kingdom:- Anamalia •
► Main features :- exclusively marine, radially symmetrical.

■ The phylum derives its name from two Greek words-

Ktenos= comb, phoros= bearing.
■ They resemble the cnidarians on many counts but differ from
them in not having the nematocysts.

• Example :- comb jellies,Beroe,Hormiphora,

Pleurobrachia, Ctenoplana.
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5. Platyhelminthes
G- +

► Kingdom:- Anamalia
► Main features :- Greek "platy"': flat; "helminth": worm.

• mostly parasitic, can be found in marine, freshwater, and

even damp terrestrial environments ..
• These are flat with soft body.

• Example :- Flat-worms, Flukes

and Tape-worms.
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6. Aschelminthes/Nematodes/Nemathelminthes

►
•
Kingdom:- Anamalia
► Main features :- The body is circular in cross-section,
hence, the name roundworms.

• They may be freeliving, aquatic and terrestrial or parasitic in

plants and animals.
• They are bilaterally symmetrical with soft body.

• Example :- Round-worms, Filaria worm,

Hookworm and Thread-worms.
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7. Annelida
•
► Kingdom:- Anamalia
► Main features :- annulus body bearing ring hence, the
phylum name Annelida (Latin, annulus : little ring).

• They may be aquatic (marine and fresh water) or terrestrial;

free-living, and sometimes parasitic.
• Bilaterally symmetrical Excretion: by nephridia.

• Example :- Earth-worms, Leeches,

Sand-worms and Syllis.
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8. Arthropoda

► Kingdom:- Anamalia ----

► Main features :- jointed leg, Arthros; Jointed, podos; Foot.

■
•
This is the largest phylum of Animalia which includes
insects.
■ The body consists of head, thorax and abdomen.
~-~-
■ Example :- Prawns, Crabs, Cockroaches,
Centipedes, Millipedes, Scorpions,Spiders,
bee,fly,bug,cockroach and Mosquito.
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9. Mollusca

► Kingdom:- Anamalia •
► Main features :- soft bodies, (Mallis or molluscs: soft).

• Second largest phylum and terrestrial or aquatic (marine or

fresh water).
• The soft parts of the body is covered by Hard calcareous
shell.

• Example :- Clams, Oysters, Snails,

Cuttle-fishes and Octopus.
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1O. Echinodermata
•
► Kingdom:- Anamalia
► Main features :- spiny skin,(Echinos: Spines; derma: Skin).

• These are exclusively marine.

• The shape of the body is flat, star like, spherical or
elongated.

• Example :- Starfishes, Sea-urchins,

Sea-cucumbers, Brittle star
and Sea-lilies.
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11. Chordata

► Kingdom:- Anamalia •

► Main features :- The chordates possess a stiff supporting

rod, called notochord.

• Most of the living chordates are familiar vertebrate animals ..

• Presence of dorsal hollow nerve cord.

• Example :- fish,frog,snake,crow,human.
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•!• Some Main Groups of Cho_!!tata
----Fishes :- Aquatic l)Je. Examples :- Eels , shark, Catla,rohu,
salmon.
Amphibians:- Found both in water and on land. Examples :-
frogs, toads, salamanders.
Reptiles :- Crawling Animal. Examples :- turtles, tortoises,
crocodiles, snakes, and lizards.
Aves :- presence of feathers and most of them can fly.
Examples :- Crow, parrot, Peacock.
Mammalia :- most advanced of all the groups in the kingdom
Animalia. Examples :- Kangaroo, elephant, dog, tiger and
Human.