Principles of Teaching
John Dewey James Mursell
Teaching is considered good when…
- The child is made the center of the
educative process
- it is well-planned
- the learner is made conscious of the
goals or aims to be accomplished
- it provides learning experiences
- there is provision to meet individual
differences
- it utilizes the past experiences of the
learner
- the learner is stimulated to think and
reason
- it is governed by democratic principles
- the method used is supplemented by
another method and instructional devices
- evaluation is made an integral part of the
teaching process
- drill/review is made an integral part of
teaching and learning
Prepared by AJCMamaril
Tiberius and Tipping
Principle of Content
Level 1 - Textbook only
Level 2 - Textbook with supplemental
materials
Level 3 - Non-academic and current
materials
Level 4 - Multi-sensory aids
Level 5 - Demonstration and presentation
by experts
Level 6 - Field experiences
Principle of Focus
Level 1 - Page assignment
Level 2 - Announced topic togerther with 6. Expect more and you will achieve more choose to focus on
page or chapter references
Level 3 - Broad concepts
Level 4 - Specific concepts, problems, skills 8. Material must be meaningful
acquisition
Principle of Socialization
Level 1 - Submission
Level 2 - Contribution
Level 3 - Cooperation and Collaboration
Principle of Individualization
Level 1 - Uniform tasks
Level 2 - Homogenous grouping
Level 3 - Contract plan
Level 4 - Individual instruction
Level 5 - Large units with optional related
activity
Level 6 - Individual undertakings
Principle of Sequence
Level 1 - Logical succession of blocks of
content
Level 2 - Connecting
Learning/lesson/course through
introductions, reviews
Level 3 - Building learner's readiness
Level 4 - Building for emerging means
Eberly Center for Teaching Excellence
Principles of Teaching
1. Teachers' knowledge of the subject
matter is essential to the implementation inform our course design and classroom
of important teaching tasks
2. Active involvement of the learner
enhances learning
3. Interaction between teachers and
students is the most important factor in
student motivation and involvement
4. Students benefit from taking
responsibility for their learning
5. There are many roads to learning
7. Learning is enhanced in an atmosphere 5. recognizing and overcoming our expert
of cooperation
9. Both teaching and learning are
enhanced by descriptive feedback
10. Critical feedback is only useful if the on reflection and feedback
learner has alternatives to pursue
11. Time plus energy equals learning
Edward Thorndike
Effective teaching involves…
1. acquiring relevant knowledge about
students and using that knowledge to
teaching
2. aligning the three major components of
instruction: learning objectives,
assessments, and instructional activities
(c.f. Understanding by Design by Wiggins
and McTighe)
3. articulating explicit expectations
regarding learning objectives and policies
4. prioritizing the knowledge and skills we
blind spots
6. adopting appropriate teaching roles to
support our learning goals
7. progressively refining our courses based
Principles of Learning
1. Readiness
- learning occurs when an individual is
prepared or ready to learn, and the
readiness to learn is determined by
the individual's past experiences and
the reinforcement they receive for
their actions.
2. Exercise
- the more an individual practices a
behavior, the stronger that behavior
becomes
3. Effect
- based on the principle that behavior
that is followed by a positive
consequence is more likely to be
repeated in the future.
4. Primacy
- what is learned first often creates a
strong, almost unshakeable
impression
5. Recency
- things most recently learned are best
remembered
6. Intensity
- immediate, exciting, or dramatic
learning connected to a real situation
teaches a learner more than a routine
or boring experience.