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Week 2 Communicable and Noncommunicable Diseases
Week 2 Communicable and Noncommunicable Diseases
NONCOMMUNICABLE
MR. RAYMUND J. CAPAGAS, RMT
DISEASES
Discuss the difference
between communicable and Describe and explain
OBJECTIVES noncommunicable disease,
between acute and chronic
communicable and
multicausation disease
diseases, and provide models.
examples of each.
Comparison of primary,
Outline a noncommunicable
secondary, and tertiary
disease control program.
prevention of disease.
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Classification of Disease and Health Problems
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Causative agents for Diseases and injuries
Chemical Agents Physical Agents
Biological Agents
Pesticides Heat
Fungi
Food Additives Light
Protozoa
Pharmacologics Radiation
Viruses
Industrial chemicals Noise
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Acute vs Chronic
Acute Chronic
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Communicable Disease
Infectious Disease Disease process of
communicable disease
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Noncommunicable Disease
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COMMUNICABLE DISEASE
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Infectivity VS Pathogenicity VS Virulence
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Infectivity VS Pathogenicity VS Virulence
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Exposure outcome
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Communicable Disease Model
Susceptible
The minimal organism
host, and
environment.
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Case - a person who is sick with a disease.
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Vector - a living organism, usually an arthropod (e.g., mosquito, tick, louse, or flea), that can
transmit a communicable agent to susceptible hosts.
Incubation - time interval between initial contact with an infectious agent and appearance of
the first sign or symptom of disease in question.
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Chain of Infection
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1. Causative Agent
- Any microorganism
capable of causing a
disease.
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2. Reservoir
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3. Portal of Exit
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4. Mode of Transmission
1. Contact transmission
3.Vertical Transmission
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5. Portal of Entry
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6. Susceptible Host
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Agent
(metacercariae of
P. westermanii
Host
Reservoir
(snail) f
lo
tr a y
Po Entr
Disease: MOT
(ingestion of
Paragonimiasis crabs/crustaceans)
Portal of Exit
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(defecation)
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NONCOMMUNICABLE DISEASE
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NONCOMMUNICABLE DISEASE
Noncommunicable diseases (NCD’s)
- Also known as chronic diseases, tend to be of long duration and are the result of a
combination of genetic, physiologic, environmental, and behavioral factors.
- Cancers
- chronic respiratory diseases (COPD, asthma)
- Diabetes.
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Etiology - the cause of a disease.
Malignant neoplasm - uncontrolled new tissue growth resulting from cells that have
lost control over their growth and division.
Metastasis - the spread of cancer cells to distant parts of the body by the circulatory
or lymphatic system.
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Multicausation Disease Model
a visual
representation of the
host together with
various internal and
external factors that
promote and protect
against disease.
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Risk Factors
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15 LEADING NCD’s (PHILIPPINES)
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PREVENTION,
INTERVENTION, CONTROL,
AND ERADICATION OF
DISEASES
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Prevention - the planning for and taking of action to
forestall the onset of a disease or other health problem.
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Levels of Prevention for Disease Control
Primary Secondary
Tertiary
Intervention Intervention
Intervention
preventive measures that preventive measures that lead
forestall the onset of to an early diagnosis and measures aimed at
illness or injury during the prompt treatment of a disease rehabilitation following
or injury to limit disability and
prepathogenesis period. significant
prevent more severe
pathogenesis pathogenesis.
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Primary Prevention (Communicable Diseases)
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Active immunity - occurs when exposure to a disease-
causing organism prompts the immune system to develop
antibodies against that disease.
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Isolation - the separation of infected persons from those
who are susceptible
Quarantine - limitation of freedom of movement of those
who have been exposed to a disease and may be
incubating it
Disinfection - the killing of communicable disease agents
outside the host.
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Secondary Prevention Tertiary Prevention
(Communicable Diseases) (Communicable Diseases)
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Primary Secondary Tertiary
Prevention (NCD) Prevention (NCD) Prevention (NCD)
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Thank You For
Listening!
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Any Questions?
Post Quiz.
Next Lecture
Synchronous Class
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