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CH 1 Physics
CH 1 Physics
CH 1 Physics
Students should refer to Independence and Partition of India Class 10 ICSE notes provided below which has
been designed by ICSE Class 10 History teacher based on the latest syllabus and examination guidelines
for ICSE Class 10 History. You should carefully read through and understand all topics of this chapter given
below so that you can learn the concepts given in Chapter Independence and Partition of India which will be
very useful if you use them prior to your History exams.
Clement Attlee, the new British Prime Minister, sent to India a cabinet mission to facilitate the transfer of power.
In 1946, a cabinet comprising of 3 members arrived in India-
1) Pethic Lawrence, the Secretary of State.
2) Sir Stafford Cripps, President of the Board of Trade.
3) A.V. Alexander, the First Lord of Admiralty.
1. Federal Union –
a) There will be a Federal Union of British Provinces and the Princely States
b) The Central Government would deal with – Foreign Affairs, Defense, Communication
c) The Union Government was responsible to raise funds for these subjects
2. Power of the Union – The Union would have its own Executive and Legislature with members elected by all
Provinces.
3. Provincial Autonomy – Provinces to enjoy complete autonomy for all subjects other than the union subjects.
4. Grouping of Provinces – British Provinces would be divided into groups.
Group A- would include six Hindu Majority Provinces
Group B – would include three Muslim Majority Provinces
Group C – would include [i] Bengal [ii] Assam
Delhi, Ajmer, Marwar and Coorg to join Group A and Baluchistan to joint Group B.
5. Formation of a Constituent Assembly – A Constituent Assembly would be set up to frame the new
constitution of the Indian Union.
(i) 389 members included to form the Constituent Assembly.
(ii) 296 members to be elected from British Provinces.
(iii) 93 members elected from the Princely states.
(iv) Members of Constituent Assembly to be elected by the Provincial Legislative Assemblies.
6. Representation of Minorities – Separate representation to be given to Muslims and Sikhs.
7. Formation of the Interim Government – An Interim Government to be formed at the Centre with 14
members. The Viceroy would reconstitute his Executive Council consisting of representatives of all
communities.
8. Freedom to join the Common Wealth – India was given the choice to remain with the British or exit from the
Common Wealth.
9. Transfer of Power A- Treaty to be initiated between the Constituent Assembly and the United Kingdom for
the transfer of powers.
Muslim League’s demand for Pakistan was rejected by the Cabinet Mission because:
1. Creation of Pakistan would not solve the communal problems. The distribution of the Muslims in whole of
India was uneven.
2. There was no reference made for including within Pakistan, the non-Muslim districts of Bengal, Assam and
Punjab.
3. Armed forces, transportation, postal and telegraph systems were built for India as a whole and the division
of these assets would create a problem.
4. Princely states would have to decide, which union to join.
The Congress –
1. Congress accepted the proposal with reservations. It accepted only that part, which dealt with the
Constitution Making.
2. Accepted the plan of a Constituent Assembly. The congress wanted the grouping of the Provinces as
optional and not compulsory.
3. Rejected the offer of the Viceroy to form an Interim Government because of its limited status and powers
and also because the principle of parity with Muslim League was not acceptable to it.
4. It was also opposed to the League’s claim that it alone had the right to nominate all the Muslim Members to
the Executive Council.
1. The League accepted the plan fully as it felt that the grouping of Muslim Majority provinces in a way meant
the formation of Pakistan.
2. The League asked Wavell, the Viceroy, to constitute the Interim Government.
LORD MOUNTBATTEN
For the purpose of transfer of power to the Indians, Lord Wavell was recalled and Lord Mountbatten was
appointed the new Viceroy. He assumed the o몭ce of the Viceroy and Governor General in 1947. His immediate
task was to restore peace among the two warring section – The Congress and the League.
Partition Plan was put forth in front of the Big seven leaders-
1) Nehru
2) Patel
3) Kripalani
4) Jinnah
5) Liaquat
6) Nishtar
7) Baldev Singh.
CONCLUSION
Indian Independence Act 1947 marked the end of the British Rule in India.
1) The Dominions of India & Pakistan came into existence on Aug.15, 1947.
2) Lord Mountbatten continued as the Governor General of India.
3) Muhammad Ali Jinnah became the Governor General of Pakistan.
4) Lord Mountbatten remained in o몭ce a Governor General upto June 1948.
5) Rajagopalachari succeeded him as the 몭rst and last Indian Governor General.
6) Dr. Rajendra Prasad took over as the First President of the Indian Republic.
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