WEEK PROBABILITY

7-8 LEARNING COMPETENCIES:

1. 1. Illustrates the probability of a union of two events.
1. Finds
2. Solvetheproblems
Probabilityinvolving
of ( A U B)probability.

P
When figuring out the probability of two or more events happening, we don’t
just have to look at the chances as determined by a coin toss, die throw, or the
result of the lottery ball machine. Instead, we have to figure out if the events can
even happen if one of the events occurs. We are talking about mutually exclusive
and non- mutually exclusive events.
In this module we will illustrate some examples of both mutually exclusive
and non- mutually exclusive events, as well as how each affects both probabilities.

E
A. WHAT ARE MUTUALLY EXCLUSIVE AND NON- MUTUALLY
EXCLUSIVE EVENTS?

Mutually exclusive or disjoint events are events that cannot occur at

the same time.
Non- mutually exclusive events are events with common outcome/s or
intersection. These are events which can be done at the same time.

As discussed above, if events are mutually exclusive, they cannot occur at

same time. For example, an animal cannot be both a cat and a dog: “being a cat”
and “being a dog” are mutually exclusive events.
However, a person may like both cats and dogs, so “likes cats” and “likes
dogs” are not mutually exclusive events.

mm

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Mutually exclusive and non-mutually exclusive events can also be observed
in drawing a card from a standard deck of cards as shown by the picture
below.
Note: a standard deck of cards is compose of 52 cards

Here are some more real- life examples of mutually exclusive and non-
mutually exclusive events.

MUTUALLY EXCLUSIVE EVENTS NOT MUTUALLY EXCLUSIVE

(events that you CAN’T do at the
same time)
1. turning left and turning right
2. appearance of an even and an
odd number when a die was
tossed once
3. winning and losing in a game
4. running and walking
5. getting a head and a tail when
a coin was tossed once
(events that you CAN do at the
same time
1. driving and listening to the radio
2. appearance of an even and a
prime number when a die was
tossed once
3.losing a game and scoring
4.running and sweating
5.watching tv and eating

B. HOW CAN WE CALCULATE THE PROBABILITY OF MUTUALLY

EXCLUSIVE AND NON-MUTUALLY EXCLUSIVE EVENTS?

To calculate the probabilities for mutually exclusive and non-mutually exclusive

events, we will need to use some of the rules of probability.
A. Probability of Mutually exclusive events

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Remember:
If two events, A and B, are mutually exclusive, then the probability
that either A or B occurs is the sum of their probabilities. In symbols,

P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B)

The events shown by the Venn diagram above are events which can be done at
the same time.

B. Probability of Non-mutually exclusive events

Remember:
If two events, A and B, are not mutually exclusive, then the
probability that either A or B occurs is the sum of their probabilities
decreased by the probability of both occurring. In symbols,
P(A or B)= P(A)+ P(B) – P(A and B).

The Venn diagram above shows events A and B which are not mutually
exclusive because A and B intersect. Note that there are outcomes that are
common to A and B which is the intersection of A and B.

Illustrative Example :
Problem 1: A bowl contains 15 chips numbered 1 to 15. If a chip is
drawn randomly from the bowl, what is the probability that it is
a. 5 or a number divisible by 3 at the same time?
b. a number divisible by 3 or divisible by 4
a.
The event of getting a 5 or a number divisible by 3 from the set { 1, 2, 3, 4,
5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 } are mutually exclusive events. Thus, we
will use the formula:
P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B)
Solution:
A = the event that 5 will be drawn
B = the event that a number divisible by 3 will be drawn
1
P(A) = 15 there is 1(one) 5 out of the 15 given numbers

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 5
P(B) = there are 5 (five) numbers divisible by 3 ( 3, 6, 9, 12,15) out of
15
15 numbers
By substitution to the formula P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B), we will have,
1 5
P (5 or divisible by 3) =
15
+ 15
6
P (5 or divisible by 3) = 15

b.
On the other hand, the event of getting a number divisible by 3 or the
event of getting a number divisible by 4 in the set {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11,
12, 13, 14, 15} are not mutually exclusive events. Thus, we will use the
formula:
P(A or B)= P(A)+ P(B) – P(A and B)
Solution:
A – the event that a number divisible by 3 will be drawn
B – the event that a number divisible by 4 will be drawn
P(A and B) – common element in A and B
5
P(A) = there are 5 numbers divisible by 3 ( 3, 6, 9, 12,15) out of
15
15 numbers
3
P(B) = there are 3 numbers divisible by 4 ( 4, 8, 12 ) out of
15
15 numbers
1
P(A and B) = there is only 1 common number in A and B which is 12
15
By substitution to the formula P(A or B)= P(A)+ P(B) – P(A and B),

5 3 1
P(divisible by 3 or divisible by 4 ) = + –
15 15 15
8 1
P(divisible by 3 or divisible by 4 ) = –
15 15
7
P(divisible by 3 or divisible by 4 ) =
15

Illustrative Example:
Problem 2: A restaurant serves a bowl of candies to their customers. The bowl
of candies Gabriel receives has 10 chocolate candies, 8 coffee candies, and 12
caramel candies. After Gabriel chooses a candy, he eats it. Find the probability
of getting candies with the indicated flavors.

a. P (chocolate or coffee) c. P (coffee or caramel)

b. P (caramel or not coffee) d. P (chocolate or not caramel)

Solution a:
Event A = he ates a chocolate candy
Event B = he ates a coffee candy

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 10
P( A) = there are 10 chocolate candies out of 30 candies
30
8
P( A) = there are 8 coffee candies out of 30 candies
30

The events are mutually exclusive since the two events has no intersection. So
we will use the formula:
P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B)

P (chocolate or coffee) = P ( chocolate ) + P ( coffee)

10 8
=
30
+ 30
18
= or
30

3
P (chocolate or coffee)=
5

Solution b:

Event A = he ates a caramel candy

Event B = he ates not a coffee candy
12
P( A) = there are 12 caramel candies out of 30 candies
30
22
P( B) =
30 there are 22 non- coffee candies out of 30 candies
P(A and B) is the intersection or common elements
among the events A and B
the candies which are not caramel are chocolate and caramel
candies so, the intersection among the not coffee and caramel candies are the
12
caramel candies themselves ( )
30

The events are not mutually exclusive since the two events has common
element. So we will use the formula:

P(A or B) = P(A)+ P(B) – P(A and B)

P (caramel or not coffee) = P ( caramel) + P ( not coffee) – P(caramel and not coffee)
12 22 12
=
30
+ 30
- 30
34 12
=
30
- 30
22
= 30 or

11
P (caramel or not coffee) =
15

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 A
Activity 1: How do you feel? Is it Mutual Or Not ?
Determine if the events are mutually or non-mutually exclusive. Write “ME” if
the event is mutually exclusive and write “NME” if the event is non- mutually
exclusive.
1. singing and dancing
2. sleeping and eating
3. selecting a jack or a diamond from a standard deck of cards
4. choosing a mango or an apple from 4 mangoes, 3 oranges and 6 apples
5. selecting a boy or a blond-haired person from 12 girls, 5 of whom have
blond hair, and 15 boys , 6 of whom have blond hair
6. selecting a king or queen from a standard deck of cards
7. a card drawn from a deck of cards is red or a jack
8. two dice being tossed and showing a sum of 6 or a sum of 9.
9. tossing two dice and either one showing 4
10.selecting an ace or a red card from a deck of cards

C
Activity 2: Mutually Exclusive and Not Mutually Exclusive Events
Consider the situation below and answer the questions that follow.

1. If you draw one card from a standard deck of cards, what is the
probability of drawing
a. a 10 or a diamond
b. a face card or an ace
2. A bowl contains 15 chips numbered 1- 15. If a chip is drawn randomly
from the bowl, what is the probability that it is
a. 7 or 5
b. even or divisible by 3
3. If you roll a die, what is the probability of getting
a. an odd number or a 4?
b. a 3 or a prime number?
4. A restaurant serves a bowl of candies to their customers. The bowl of
candies Gabriel receives has 10 chocolate candies, 8 coffee candies, and
12 caramel candies. After Gabriel chooses a candy, he eats it. Find the
probability of getting candies with the indicated flavors.
a. P (caramel or not coffee)
b. P (chocolate or not caramel)
5. Sarah likes to wear colored shirts. She has 15 shirts in the closet. Five of
these are blue, four are in different shades of red, and the rest are of
different colors. What is the probability that she will wear a blue or a red
shirt?

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 E
Evaluation
MATHEMATICS 10 – QUARTER 3 WEEK 3-4
MUTUALLY EXCLUSIVE AND NON-MUTUALLY EXCLUSIVE EVENTS

DIRECTIONS: Choose the letter of your answer from the given choices. Write your
answer on a space provided before each number.

1. Two events are mutually inclusive if

A. They cannot happen at the same time
B. They can happen at the same time
C. They always happen
D. They never happen
2. Two events are mutually exclusive if
A. They cannot happen at the same time
B. They can happen at the same time
C. They always happen
D. They never happen
3. Which of the following events is mutually exclusive events?
A. Rolling an 8 on a six sided die
B. Getting a head and a tail on a single coin toss
C. A pair of dice rolling 3 and 6
D. Getting four 5 balls in a row from same lottery machine with 35 balls

4. Which of the following events is non- mutually exclusive events?

A. Walking and texting
B. Swimming and gardening
C. Cooking and driving
D. Sneezing and coughing
5. If you draw one card from a standard deck of cards, what is the probability
of drawing a 5 or a diamond?
A. 4/52
B. 4/13
C. 15/52
D. 1/13
6. A die is rolled. What is the probability of getting an even number or an odd
number?
A. 0
B. ¼
C. 1
D. ¾
7. A die is rolled. What is the probability of getting a 5 or a number greater
than 3?
A. 2/3
B. ½
C. 5/6
D. 1

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8. There are 6 red, 5 blue, 3 green and 1 yellow marbles in a jar. Gabbo picks a
marble without looking. What is the probability Gabbo picks a red or yellow
marble?
A. 7/15
B. 2/75
C. 7/30
D. 1/35
9. A teacher has 9 red crayons, 4 blue crayons, 7 purple crayons, and 5 black
crayons in a basket. A student reaches into the basket and randomly selects
a crayon. What is the probability that the crayon will be a red or a purple?
A. 9/ 16
B. 16/25
C. 7/25
D. 7/16
10. Mario has 45 red chips, 12 blue chips and 24 white chips. What is the
probability that Mario randomly selects a red or not white chip?
A. 57/ 81
B. 45/ 81
C. 36 / 81
D. 69/ 81

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 Answer Key

Activity 1: How do you feel? Is it Mutual Or Not ?

1. NME 6. ME
2. ME 7. NME
3. NME 8. NME
4. ME 9. ME
5. NME 10. NME
6.
Activity 2: Mutually Exclusive and Not Mutually Exclusive Events

1. a. 15/52 b. 4/13
2. a. 2/15 b. 10/15 or 2/3
3. a. 9/15 or 3/5 b. 6/15 or 2/15
4. a. 22/30 or 11/15 b. 18/30 or 3/5
5. 9/15 or 3/5

Evaluation
1. A 6. C
2. B 7. B
3. B 8. A
4. A 9. B
5. C 10. A