P R E S E N T A T I O N

EARTHQUAKE
ENGINEERING
GROUP 8
 DUCTILITY

a measure of a material's ability to deform

plastically (permanently) before fracture. It's
a measure of a material's ability to stretch or
bend without breaking. Ductile materials are
able to deform a lot before breaking, while
brittle materials tend to break with very little
deformation. TWISTING OF BUILDING
TWISTING OF
BUILDING
Irregularities in mass, stiffness
and strength in a building can
result significant torsional
response

Torsion arises from eccentricity in the

building layout
- When the center of mass of the building
does not coincide with its center of rigidity
TWISTING OF BUILDING
MASS ASSYMMETRY
UNEVEN VERTICAL MEMBERS,
LOADED UNEQUALLY IN PLAN
STIFFNESS IRREGULARITIES SYMMETRY
MASS ASSYMMETRY
• This system represents a logicl evolution
of the conventional framed structure
possessing the necessary lateral stiffness
with excellent torsional qualities, while
reatining the flexibility of planning

FRAMED TUBE
• The diagonal members, along with the
girders and columns, form a truss
system that imparts a great deal of
stiffness to the building

TRUSSED TUBE
• It consists of an exterior
tube that resists the
bending moment due to
lateral forces and an
interior slender tube,
which resists he shear
produced by the lateral
force.

TUBE-IN-TUBE
• It is made up of a number
of tubes separated by
shear walls
• The tube rise to various
heights and each tube is
designed independently.

BUNDLED-TUBE
 • The ground shaking during an EQ contains a group of many
sinusoidal waves of different frequencies having periods in
the range of 0.03 to 3.3 sec.
• The building oscillates back and forth horizontally and after
some time comes back to the original position
• The higher the flexibility, the greater the value of T.

FUNDAMENTAL NATURAL PERIOD(T)- the time taken( in

seconds) for one complete back and forth motion.

FLEXIBLE BUILDING
• The ability of a multi-storey building to resist the
lateral forces, depends on the rigidity of the
connections between the beams and the columns
• When the connections are fully rigid, the structure
as a whole is capable of resisting the lateral forces.
• SHEAR WALL and BRACING are also capable of
preventing the failure of non-structural members by
reducing drift.

FRAMING SYSTEM
EFFECT OF NON STRUCTURES
Non-structural elements include components and systems
that are not part of the primary structural system but play
important roles in the functionality, safety, and aesthetics of
a building. Here are some of the effects of earthquakes on
non-structural elements
 EFFECT OF NON STRUCTURES
1.Damage to Interior Finishes:

2.Disruption of Utility Systems:

3. Fallen Furniture and Equipment:

4.Glass Breakage:

5.Non-structural Wall Damage:

6.Ceiling System Failures:

7.Curtain Wall and Cladding Damage:

8. Light Fixtures and Equipment

9.Loss of Lifeline Services:

10. Non-structural Hazards:

CHOICE OF CONSTRUCTION
MATERIAL
CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS

BRICK OR STONE MASONRY

REINFORCED MASONRY
CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS

STEEL

REINFORCED CONCRETE

PRESTRESSED CONCRETE
STRUCTURAL ELEMENT
PROPERTIES OF CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL

• HIGH DUCTILITY
• HIGH STRENGTH-TO-WEIGHT RATIO
• ORTHOTROPY AND HOMOGENEITY
• EASE IN MAKING FULL STRENGTH
CONNECTIONS
• COST
 THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

ASUNCION
CABOTE
DELA CRUZ
MACADANGDANG
PABRO
RAMOS
SIYANG
SUGUITAN