FETP-Frontline

Field Product Guidelines

Field Work 2

March 2018
FETP-F Field Work 2 Rev. 8 April 2016
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Cerebral spinal Confirm first 5 CSF In acute Gram stain Gram negative diplococci Gram stain
meningitis cases then sample every stage before (other stains) from CSF is results are
10th administration of Susceptibility Presumptive valid only for
patient antibiotics Latex slide Confirm With meningitis CSF
Agglutination. culture or
Latex agglutination.
Cholera Confirm first 10 Stool/ rectal swab Sample in Direct microscopy for Epidemic cholera is only Non cholera
cases then sample every Acute stage of characteristic darting caused by V. cholera 01 or vibrio (non 01,
10th patient illness movement. 0139. 0139) do not cause
Culture epidemic cholera
Specific
Antiserum susceptibility.

Plague In each Suspected case Aspirate In acute Simple (ways on) Presumption pipolar Streptomycin is a drug of
Blood stage before stain for bipolar organism staining organisms choice (tetracycline and
Sputum administration of - Culture of aspirate, blood Isolation of Y pestis sulfonamides can be used)
Throat swab antibiotics sputum or swab Identification of
Serum susceptibility specific/antigen or
Autopsy materials Obtain both acute - F1 antigenic detection Antibody for Y pestis.
And convalescent - Pestis antibodies in patient
serum serum
Bacillarly dysentery Confirm first 5 Stool in Culture for studies -Confirm genus and Shigella dysenteriae 1
cases then each 10th Acute stage of illness susceptibility testing Species of the isolated typing. Is associated with
Cases before administration specific. Epidemics
of antibiotics.
Measles First cases in an outbreak Serum blood During illness Measles IgM Sensitivity of single Measles specific antibody lasts for at least 30 days
especially 3rd – 4th antibodies specimen in 70% on day of
day of the rush rush (day 1) and 95%
at 4th day
Typhoid First 5 cases in Blood stool -Culture susceptibility In acute stage Epidemic typhoid is caused by
an outbreak -Antisera agglutina- of salmonella typhosa group
tion –serological test illness
Malaria All suspected cases Peripheral blood for Immediately during Blood smear for Any smear positive for malaria Recently a quick AO methods has been introduced for
admitted to H.F. for smear admission or presence of parasites is definitive malaria microscopy
Management reporting parasites diagnosis of malaria
Specie
identification in
epidemics

FETP-F Field Work 2 Rev. 8 April 2016

Field Epidemiology Training Program - Frontline Page 21

Rabies All human rabid cases, Brain tissue During illness with Isolation of Detection of virus provides
suspected animals and post CSF rapid signs and rabies definitive diagnosis.
mortems cases Saliva symptoms virus from
Skin clinical
Blood (human/animal
case
-PCR
identification of
viral antigens
conformation of
rabies antigens
by direct
fluorescent
Antibody test
(FAT).
Pneumonia All cases Sputum During acute stage of Gram stain on Gram positive from sputum (is
Pleural fluid illness before taking sputum (ZN to Presumptive for Pneumonia)
Blood antibiotics rule out TB)
culture
Acute flaccid All cases (2 samples Stool specimen Within 14 days Viral culture Isolation of polio militias virus
paralysis separately within 24 hours) separately within 24 during onset of isolation of gives definitive diagnosis
hours paralysis Poliomyelitis
virus
(type 1 – 3)
Yellow fever Silvatic all suspected cases Blood serum Within the first 3 – 5 Virus detection Detection of virus Flavi virus share common antigen. All IgM positive should
at postmoterm tissue days of Illness. (PCR provides definitive diagnosis be confirmed with IgM
the beginning first cases, (liver) NB: For serum two propagation Positive IgM acute flavivirus ELISA.
then every 10th case separate samples in IgM antibody infection
two weeks interval IgM detection.
autopsy as may be
Possible following
death.
Viral haemorrhagic All suspected cases Blood serum During febrile period Virus detection Detection of virus providers Serological tests for
fever postmortem tissue (PCR definitive diagnosis. IgM are often little value for diagnosis in fatal cases.
(liver) As soon as possible propagation) Reliable diagnosis is on virus.
following death IgM antibody Any pos IgM or 4
IgG antibody. fold increase in
IgM between 1st and second
samples.

FETP-F Field Work 2 Rev. 8 April 2016

Field Epidemiology Training Program - Frontline Page 22

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FETP-F Field Work 2 Rev. 8 April 2016
Field Epidemiology Training Program - Frontline Page 23

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FETP-F Field Work 2 Rev. 8 April 2016

Field Epidemiology Training Program - Frontline Page 24

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FETP-F Field Work 2 Rev. 8 April 2016
Field Epidemiology Training Program - Frontline Page 25

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Source The United Republic of Tanzania Ministry of Health and Social Welfare. The National Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response (IDSR) Guidelines, 2nd edition. July 2011

FETP-F Field Work 2 Rev. 8 April 2016

Field Epidemiology Training Program - Frontline Page 26

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