KEYSTONE UNIVERSE OF EDUCATION

5MARKER (DUPLICATE)
Class 12 - Physics
Time5Allowed: 2 hours and 30 minutes
MARKS QUESTIONS Maximum Marks: 250

1. Figure shows tracks of three charged particles in a uniform electrostatic field. Give the signs of the three [5]
charges. Which particle has the highest charge to the mass ratio?

a. Suppose that a particle is attracted towards the positive plate. What must the charge on it be?
b. Suppose, two particles have identical curved trajectories. Which of the following are necessarily true?
i. They have same charge;
ii. They have same mass;
iii. The charges have the same sign;
iv. They have the same ratio.
e

c. You are given the initial velocity v of a beam particle and the length of the capacitor l. What other
measurements would enable one to find m
e
?
2. Two-point charges +q and -q are placed distance d apart. What are the points at which the resultant electric field [5]
is parallel to the line joining the two charges?
3. ABCD is a square of side 5 m. Charges of + 50 C, - 50 C and + 50 C are placed at A, C and D respectively. Find [5]
the resultant electric field at B.
4. a. A conductor A with a cavity as shown in fig is given a charge Q. Show that the entire charge must appear on [5]
the outer surface of the conductor.

b. Another conductor B with charge q is inserted into the cavity keeping B insulated from A. Show that the total
charge on the outside surface of A is Q + q [fig].

c. A sensitive instrument is to be shielded from the strong electrostatic fields in its environment. Suggest a
possible way.
5. Two point charges q and -q are located at points (0, 0,- a ) and (0, 0, a) respectively. [5]
i. Find the electrostatic potential at (0, 0, z) and (x, y, 0).
ii. How much work is done in moving a small test charge from the point (5, 0, 0) to (-7, 0, 0) along the X-axis?

1/9
 iii. How would your answer change if the path of the test charge between the same points is not along the x-axis
but along any other random path?
iv. If the above point charges are now placed in the same positions in a uniform external electric field E⃗, what
would be the potential energy of the charge system in its orientation of unstable equilibrium? Justify your
answer in each case.
6. A parallel plate capacitor is charged by a battery. After some time the battery is disconnected and a dielectric [5]
slab with its thickness equal to the plate separation is inserted between the plates. What change, in any will take
place in
i. charge on the plates
ii. electric field intensity between the plates
iii. the capacitance of the capacitor,
iv. a potential difference between the plates and
v. the energy stored in the capacitor? Justify your answer in each case.

7. a. If two similar large plates, each of area A having surface charge densities +σ and - σ are separated by a [5]
distance d in air, then find the expression for
i. the field at points between the two plates and on the outer side of the plates. Specify the direction of the
field in each case.
ii. the potential difference between the plates.
iii. the capacitance of the capacitor so formed.
b. Two metallic spheres of radii R and 2R are charged so that both of these have the same surface charge
density σ. If they are connected to each other with a conducting wire, in which direction will the charge flow
and why?
8. From the network shown in Fig. find the value of the capacitance C if the equivalent capacitance between points [5]
A and B is to be 1 μ F. All the capacitances are in μ F.

9. A dry cell of emf 1.5 V and internal resistance 0.10 Ω is connected across a resistor in series with a very low [5]
resistance ammeter. When the circuit is switched on, the ammeter reading settles to a steady value of 2.0 A What
is the steady:
i. rate of chemical energy consumption of the cell,
ii. rate of energy dissipation inside the cell,
iii. rate of energy dissipation inside the resistor,
iv. power output of the source?

10. i. Define the term conductivity of a metallic wire. Write its SI unit. [5]
ii. Using the concept of free electrons in a conductor, derive the expression for the conductivity of wire in terms
of number density and relaxation time. Hence obtain the relation between current density and the applied
electric field E.

11. i. State the two Kirchhoff's laws. Explain briefly, how these rules are justified? [5]

2/9
 ii. The current is drawn from a cell of emf E and internal resistance r connected to the network of resistors each
of resistance r as shown in the figure.
Obtain the expression for
a. the current draws from the cell and
b. the power consumed in the network

12. i. State Kirchhoffs rules. [5]

ii. A battery of 10 V and negligible internal resistance is connected across the diagonally opposite corners of a
cubical network consisting of 12 resistors each of 1Ω resistance.

Use Kirchhoffs rules to determine

a. the total current in the network.
b. the equivalent resistance of the network

13. a. Using Biot-Savart's law, derive an expression for the magnetic field at the centre of a circular coil of radius [5]
R, number of turns N, carrying current i.
b. Two small identical circular coils marked 1, 2 carry equal currents and are placed with their geometric axes
perpendicular to each other as shown in the figure. Derive an expression for the resultant magnetic field at O.

14. i. An α-particle, a deuteron and a proton enter into a uniform magnetic field normally with the same kinetic [5]
energy and describe circular paths. Find the ratio of radii of their paths.
ii. Give the direction of magnetic field acting on the current carrying coil ACDE shown in the figure so that the
coil is in unstable equilibrium.

3/9
 iii. Why do we use a low resistance ammeter in a circuit to measure current?

15. i. An electron in the ground state of Hydrogen atom is revolving in a circular orbit of radius R. Obtain the [5]
expression for the orbital magnetic moment of the electron in terms of fundamental constants.
ii. Draw the magnetic field lines for a current carrying solenoid when a rod made of
a. copper,
b. aluminium and
c. iron, is inserted within the solenoid as shown.

16. i. Express Biot-Savart law in the vector form. [5]

ii. Use it to obtain the expression for the magnetic field at an axial point, distanced from the centre of a circular
coil of radius R carrying current I.
iii. Also, find the ratio of the magnitudes of the magnetic field of this coil at the centre and at an axial point for
–
which x = R√3.
17. Suppose we want to verify the analogy between electrostatic and magnetostatic by an explicit experiment. [5]
Consider the motion of
a. electric dipole p in an electrostatic field E and
b. magnetic dipole m in a magnetic field B.
Write down a set of conditions on E, B, p, m so that the two motions are verified to be identical. (Assume
identical initial conditions.)
18. A bar magnet of magnetic moment 1.5 J T-1 lies aligned with the direction of a uniform magnetic field of 0.22 T. [5]
a. What is the amount of work required by an external torque to turn the magnet so as to align its magnetic
moment (i) normal to the field direction, (ii) opposite to the field direction?
b. What is the torque on the magnet in cases (i) and (ii)?

19. a. What happens if a bar magnet is cut into two pieces: [5]

i. transverse to its length,

ii. along its length?
b. A magnetized needle in a uniform magnetic field experiences a torque but no net force. An iron nail near a
bar magnet, however, experiences a force of attraction in addition to torque. Why?
c. Must every magnetic configuration have a north pole and a south pole? What about the field due to a toroid?
d. Two identical-looking iron bars A and B are given, one of which is definitely known to be magnetized. (We
do not know which one.) How would one ascertain whether or not both are magnetized? If only one is

4/9
 magnetized, how does one ascertain which one? [Use nothing else but the bars A and B.]

20. i. State Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction. [5]

ii. A horizontal straight wire of length L extending from east to west is falling with speed v at right angles to the
horizontal component of Earth's magnetic field B.
a. Write the expression for the instantaneous value of the emf induced in the wire.
b. What is the direction of the emf?
c. Which end of the wire is at the higher potential?
21. State the principle of an ac generator and explain its working with the help of a labelled diagram. Obtain the [5]
expression for the emf induced in a coil having N turns each of cross-sectional area A, rotating with a constant
angular speed ω in a magnetic field B⃗ , directed perpendicular to the axis of rotation.
22. i. Explain the meaning of the term mutual inductance. Consider two concentric circular coils, one of the radius [5]
r1 and the other of radius r2 (r1 < r2) placed coaxially with centres coinciding with each other. Obtain the

expression for the mutual inductance of the arrangement.

ii. A rectangular coil of area A, having number of turns N is rotated at f revolutions per second in a uniform
magnetic field B, the field being perpendicular to the coil. Prove that the maximum emf induced in the coil is
2πfN BA .
23. The arm PQ of the rectangular conductor is moved from x = 0, outwards. The uniform magnetic field is [5]
perpendicular to the plane and extends from x = 0 to x = b and is zero for x > b. Only the arm PQ possesses
substantial resistance r. Consider the situation when the arm PQ is pulled outwards from x = 0 to x = 2b, and is
then moved back to x = 0 with constant speed v. Obtain expressions for the flux, the induced emf, the force
necessary to pull the arm and the power dissipated as Joule heat. Sketch the variation of these quantities with
distance.

24. a. Draw graphs showing the variations of inductive reactance and capacitive reactance with the frequency of [5]
the applied ac source.
b. Draw the phasor diagram for a series RC circuit connected to an ac source.
c. An alternating voltage of 220 V is applied across a device X, a current of 0.25 A flows, which lag behind the
applied voltage in phase by π

2
radian. If the same voltage is applied across another device Y, the same current
flows but now it is in phase with the applied voltage.
i. Name the devices X and Y.
ii. Calculate the current flowing in the circuit when the same voltage is applied across the series
combination of X and Y.

25. i. A series L-C-R circuit is connected to an AC source of variable frequency. Draw a suitable phasor diagram [5]
to deduce the expressions for the amplitude of the current and phase angle.

5/9
 ii. Obtain the condition at resonance. Draw a plot showing the variation of current with the frequency of AC
source for two resistances R1 and R2 (R1 > R2). Hence, define the quality factor Q and write its role in the
tuning of the circuit.

26. i. With the help of a diagram, explain the principle and working of a device which produces current that [5]
reverses its direction after regular intervals of time.
ii. If a charged capacitor C is short-circuited through an inductor L, the charge and current in the circuit
oscillate simple harmonically.
a. In what form the capacitor and the inductor store energy?
b. Write two reasons due to which the oscillations become damped.
27. A series LCR circuit is connected to an a.c. source having voltage V = Vm sin ωt. Derive the expression for the [5]

instantaneous current I and its phase relationship to the applied voltage. Obtain the condition for resonance to
occur. Define power factor. State the conditions under which it is
i. maximum and
ii. minimum.
28. Answer the following questions: [5]
i. Show, by giving a simple example, how EM waves carry energy and momentum.
ii. How are microwaves produced? Why is it necessary in microwaves ovens to select the frequency of
microwaves to match the resonant frequency of water molecules?
iii. Write two important uses of infrared waves.
29. Suppose that the electric field part of an electromagnetic wave in vacuum is E = (3.1 N/C) cos [(1.8 rad/m) y + [5]
(5.4 × 106 rad/s)t] ^i .
a. What is the direction of propagation?
b. What is the wavelength λ ?
c. What is the frequency ν ?
d. What is the amplitude of the magnetic field part of the wave?
e. Write an expression for the magnetic field part of the wave.

30. i. Identify the part of the electromagnetic spectrum which is [5]

a. suitable for radar system used in aircraft navigation,

b. produced by bombarding a metal target by high speed electrons.
ii. Why does galvanometer show a momentary deflection at time of charging and discharging a capacitor? Write
the necessary expression to explain this observation.

31. a. Derive the expression for the angle of deviation for a ray of light passing through an equilateral prism of [5]
refracting angle A.
b. A prism is found to give a minimum deviation of 51°. The same prism gives a deviation of 62°48' for two
values of the angles of incidence, namely, 46°6' and 82°42'. Determine the refractive angle of the prism and
the refractive index of its material.
32. A ray PQ incident normally on the refracting face BA is refracted in the prism BAC made of material of [5]
refractive index 1.5. Complete the path of ray through the prism. From B which face will the ray emerge? Justify

6/9
 your answer.

33. a. Draw the ray diagram showing the refraction of light through a glass prism and hence obtain the relation [5]
between the refractive index μ of the prism, angle of prism and angle of minimum deviation.
b. Determine the value of the angle of incidence for a ray of light travelling from a medium of refractive index
–
μ1 = √2 into the medium of refractive index μ = 1, so that it just grazes along the surface of separation.
2

34. A spherical surface of radius of curvature R, separates a rarer and a denser medium as shown in the figure. [5]

Complete the path of an incident ray of light, showing the formation of a real image. Hence derive the relation
connecting object distance u, image distance v, radius of curvature R, and the refractive indices n1 and n2 of the
two media.
Briefly explain, how the focal length of a convex lens changes, with an increase in wavelength of the incident
light.
35. i. Write three characteristic features to distinguish between the interference fringes in Young's double-slit [5]
experiment and the diffraction pattern obtained due to a narrow single slit.
ii. A parallel beam of light of wavelength 500 nm falls on a narrow slit and the resulting diffraction pattern is
observed on a screen 1 m away. It is observed that the first minima are at a distance of 2.5 mm away from the
centre. Find the width of the slit.

36. i. Describe briefly how a diffraction pattern is obtained on a screen due to a single narrow slit illuminated by a [5]
monochromatic source of light. Hence, obtain the conditions for the angular width of secondary maxima and
secondary minima.
ii. Two wavelengths of sodium light of 590 nm and 596 nm are used in turn to study the diffraction taking place
at a single slit of aperture 2 × 10 −6
m . The distance between the slit and the screen is 1.5m. Calculate the
separation between the positions of first maxima of the diffraction pattern obtained in the two cases.

37. i. What is the effect on the interference fringes to a Young's double slit experiment when [5]

a. the separation between the two slits is decreased?

b. the width of the source slit is increased?
c. the monochromatic source is replaced by a source of white light? Justify your answer in each case.
ii. The intensity at the central maxima in Young's double slit experimental set up is I . Show that the intensity
0

I0
at a point is , where the path difference is .
λ

4 3

7/9
38. i. In a double slit experiment using the light of wavelength 600 nm, the angular width of the fringe formed on a [5]
distant screen is 0.1°. Find the spacing between the two slits.

ii. Light of wavelength 500 A propagating in air gets partly reflected from the surface of water. How will the
wavelengths and frequencies of the reflected and refracted light be affected?
o

39. Consider a 20 W bulb emitting light of wavelength 5000 A and shining on a metal surface kept at a distance 2m. [5]
Assume that the metal surface has a work function of 2 eV and that each atom on the metal surface can be
o

treated as a circular disk of radius 1.5 A.

a. Estimated no. of photons emitted by the bulb per second. [Assume no other losses]
b. Will there be photoelectric emission?
c. How much time would be required by the atomic disk to receive energy equal to work function (2 eV)?
d. How many photons would atomic disk receive within the time duration calculated in (c) above?
e. Can you explain how the photoelectric effect was observed instantaneously?
[Hint: Time calculated in part (c) is from classical consideration and you may further take the target of surface
area say 1cm2 and estimate what would happen?]
o

40. Ultraviolet light of wavelength 2271 A from a 100 W mercury source irradiates a photocell made of [5]

molybdenum metal. If the stopping potential is -1.3 V, estimate the work function of the metal. How would the
o

photocell respond to high intensity (∼ 105 W/m2) red light of wavelength 6328 A produced by a He-Ne laser?
41. Obtain the relationship between stopping potential and frequency of incident radiations for photo-emission. [5]
o

X-rays of wavelength 0.82 A fall on a metallic surface. Calculate the de-Broglie wavelength of the emitted
photo-electrons. Neglect the work function of the surface.
42. Using Bohr's postulates for hydrogen atom, show that the total energy (E) of the electron in the stationary states [5]
can be expressed as the sum of kinetic energy (K) and potential energy (U), where K = - 2 U. Hence, deduce the
expression for the total energy in the nth energy level of hydrogen atom.
43. A 12.5 eV electron beam is used to excite a hydrogen atom at room temperature. Determine the wavelengths and [5]
the corresponding series of the lines emitted.
44. In the study of Geiger-Marsden experiment on scattering of a-particles by a thin foil of gold, draw the trajectory [5]
of α-particles in the coulomb field of target nucleus. Explain briefly how one gets the information on the size of
the nucleus from this study.
1

From the relation R = R0 A , where, R0 is constant and A is the mass number of the nucleus, show that nuclear
3

matter density is independent of A.

45. Differentiate between nuclear fission and nuclear fusion. Which one of these processes produces energy [5]
i. in nuclear reactor and
ii. in the sun

46. i. Draw the plot of binding energy per nucleon (BE/ A) as a function of mass number A. Write two important [5]
conclusions that can be drawn regarding the nature of nuclear force.
ii. Use this graph to explain the release of energy in both the processes of nuclear fusion and fission.

8/9
 iii. Write the basic nuclear process of neutron undergoing β-decay. Why is the detection of neutrinos found very
difficult?
47. Distinguish between nuclear fission and fusion. Show how in both these processes energy is released. [5]
Calculate the energy release in MeV in the deuterium-tritium fusion reaction.
2 3 4
H+ H ⟶ He + n
1 1 2

Using the data

2 3
m (1 H) = 2.014102u, m ( H) = 3.016049u
1

4
m ( He) = 4.002603u, mn = 1.008665u
2

MeV
1u = 931.5
2
c

48. a. Distinguish between metals, insulators and semiconductors on the basis of their energy bands. [5]
b. Why are photodiodes used preferably in reverse bias condition? A photodiode is fabricated from a
semiconductor with band gap of 2.8 eV. Can it detect a wavelength of 6000 nm? Justify.

49. i. Describe briefly, with the help of a diagram, the role of the two important processes involved in the [5]
formation of a p-n junction.
ii Draw V-I characteristics of a p-n junction diode and differentiate between the threshold voltage and
breakdown voltage for a diode.

50. Draw a circuit diagram of full-wave rectifier. Explain its working and draw input and output waveforms. [5]

9/9