VIDEO 36 37
GRAMMAR
8.2 Unreal past and regrets – wish, if only,
it’s time and would rather
I can talk about present or future wishes
and past regrets and use phrases with it’s
time and ‘d rather.
1 SPEAKING Discuss your vision of an ideal
holiday and a nightmare holiday.
2 3.34 Listen to the Moss family
discussing what to do for their next holiday.
Answer the questions.
1 What suggestions do they make?
2 What do you think they will probably do?
3 3.34 Who said what? Write B for Ben, E for
Ellie, M for Mum and D for Dad. Then listen
again and check.
1 ‘If only we could go somewhere exciting for a
change.’
2 ‘I think it’s time
we did something cultural.’
3 ‘I wish
you all realised how much I look forward
to doing nothing for two weeks.’
4 ‘I’d rather
we went to the same campsite we went
to last year.’
4 Read GRAMMAR FOCUS I and answer the
questions about the sentences in Exercise 3.
1 Which sentences refer to the present and which
to the future?
2 Which tense is used after the underlined
structures?
GRAMMAR FOCUS I 36
Unreal past
• You use wish/if only + sb + Past Simple to say
that somebody really wants a present or future
situation to be different.
• You use it’s (high) time + sb + Past Simple to
say that somebody should do something (now or
in the future).
• You use would rather + sb + Past Simple to say
what somebody would prefer somebody else to
do (now or in the future).
5 Complete the second sentence so it has a similar
meaning to the first. Which sentences are true
for you?
1 It isn’t summer. I wish it was summer .
2 We always go to the mountains, but I prefer the
sea. I’d rather we went to the sea .
3 I ought to learn how to ski. It’s time
I learnt how to ski .
4 I can’t drive. I wish I knew how to drive/could drive .

5 I really need to plan my next holiday. It’s high
time I planned my next holiday
.
6 It’s raining. If only it wasn’t raining .
118
6 3.35 Listen to the Moss family talking after their
holiday. Choose the correct option to explain the meaning
of these extracts.
1 ‘If only I’d worn more sunscreen.’ = Ellie wore / didn’t wear
enough sunscreen.
2 ‘I wish I hadn’t forgotten my camera.’ = Ben had /
didn’t have his camera with him.
3 ‘I wish you’d fallen in, too, Ben.’ = Ben fell out /
didn’t fall out of the raft with Ellie.
4 ‘I just wish I’d known about the mosquitoes.’ = Mum
knew / didn’t know that there were mosquitoes.
7 Look at the example phrases in Exercise 6 and choose the
correct tense in the rule in GRAMMAR FOCUS II.
GRAMMAR FOCUS II 36
Past regrets
You use wish/if only + sb + Past Simple / Past Perfect to talk
about past regrets.
If only I’d worn more sunscreen.
I wish I hadn’t forgotten my camera.
Note: If only is much stronger than wish.
8 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs
in brackets. Do you have any of these regrets?
1 I wish I had gone (go) on holiday with my friends last
summer.
2 If only I had revised (revise) more for my last English test.

3 I wish my parents had been born (be born) in another
country.
4 I wish I hadn’t given up
(not give up) piano lessons a few
years ago.
5 If only I had gone (go) to bed earlier last night.
9 Complete the sentences to make them true for you. Then
compare with a partner.
1 I wish I could … 4 If only I hadn’t …
2 It’s high time I … 5 I wish my parents …
3 I’d rather people didn’t …
FOCUS VLOG 37 About regrets
37 Watch the Focus Vlog. For the worksheet, go to
page 147.
Grammar page 169
 LISTENING
8.3 Note completion
I can identify the main points in a
lecture about intelligent animals.

1 SPEAKING Discuss which adjectives in

the box you would use to describe the
animals in the pictures.

affectionate agile aggressive

competitive friendly gentle
harmless independent intelligent
loyal playful social stupid wise

2 3.36 Decide whether you think the statements below
are true (T) or false (F). Then listen to a wildlife expert and
check your ideas.
1 Chimpanzees share half of the same genes as humans.

2 Dolphins sometimes attack each other.
3 Cats have more developed brains than dogs.
EXAM FOCUS Note completion
3 3.36 Listen to the lecture again and complete
sentences 1–7 with a word or a short phrase.
1 Dr Mathews is talking about the smartest animal species
on Earth.
2 The reason why chimpanzees attack and often kill some
of their own kind is the need for territory .
3 Dolphins are capable of fi ghting aggressively when they
compete to win over females/a female .
4 Not only are sheep intelligent, but they also have great
memory and highly developed recognition skills .
5 Dr Mathews says appearances can be misleading, and
owls are a good example.
6 Cats’ unsociability is often associated with the fact
that, unlike dogs’, their brains have not developed for
centuries.
7 According to the speaker, cats’ indifference to pleasing
their owners results from the fact that they simply don’t
care for human approval .
5 Complete the text with the words in
WORD STORE 8D.
Bird-brained
or highly intelligent?
We know it’s a common 1@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ to think
that owls are wise. In fact, they’re rather stupid. But
what about other birds, do they deserve the same
2
@@@@@@@@@@
? Many scientists are convinced that
the intelligence of some birds has been seriously
3
@@@@@@@@@@
. Take the crow family. Crows
are 4 @@@@@@@@@@@ top of the list when it comes
to brain power. They perform even better
than chimpanzees
in some research tests. It just
shows that appearances can be
5
@@@@@@@@@
. Not all birds are
bird-brained – in the same
way that not all humans are
intelligent!
6 SPEAKING Discuss the questions.
1 Which domesticated animal do you think is
most/least useful to society? Why?
2 How could wild animals be better protected? Is
it ever OK to keep them in captivity?
3 Do you know any organisations, international or
local, which help to protect animals and nature?
Can you give examples of their activities?

WORD STORE 8D Word building PRONUNCIATION FOCUS

4 3.37 Complete WORD STORE 8D. Use the prompts
7 3.38 Listen and repeat these word pairs.
below to help you. Then listen, check and repeat.
1 sheep /ʃiːp/ ship /ʃɪp/
1 a period of time in teenagers’ lives when they are
2 keys /kiːz/ kiss /kɪs/
developing into adults
3 cats /kæts/ cuts /kʌts/
2 showing very strong desire to be more successful than
4 prove /pruːv/ proof /pruːf/
others
5 bag /bæɡ/ back /bæk/
3 an idea that is wrong, but people believe it because they
don’t understand the issue properly 8 3.39 Listen and write down the five words
4 appearing to be one thing, but being in fact very different in Exercise 7 that you hear.
5 almost certainly
6 an opinion people have of something or someone based 9 Choose five words from Exercise 7 and take
on what happened in the past turns to dictate them to your partner. Check
the words. Has your partner written the
7 to look like or be like something or someone else
correct words?
8 considered to be less important than it really is

119
 READING 3 Complete the gaps with the words in Exercise 2 and then

8.4 Matching
finish each piece of news in an appropriate way.
1 The earthquake
, measuring 7.4 on the Richter scale, lasted
I can scan a set of texts to find for seven seconds, but …
specific information. 2 Roofs were blown off and cars overturned in the latest
hurricane to hit the coast of …
3 It has already been fifteen weeks since the
1 SPEAKING Think about the most extreme began. All the water holes have dried up and …
weather conditions you have ever experienced. 4 Fishing villages were destroyed by the latest tsunami
,
Tell your partner where you were, what you as a thirty-metre wall of water …
were doing and how extreme the weather was. 5 Fire fighters are trying to prevent the wildfire
from
spreading any further by …
2 3.40 Look at the words and phrases below. 6 Heavy snowfall has led to a high risk of avalanches and
Translate them using a dictionary if necessary. skiers have been warned …
Then listen and repeat. 7 Not only drivers had problems during yesterday’s
.
1 avalanche = A group of young hikers from the local college lost their
2 blizzard = way in the snow due to poor visibility and …
3 drought = 4 SPEAKING Discuss when and where the natural disasters
4 earthquake = in Exercise 2 might occur:
5 gale-force winds =
a in your region c on your continent
6 hurricane =
b in your country d elsewhere in the world.
7 tsunami =
8 wildfire = 5 SPEAKING Look at the photos in the film blog and discuss
the questions.
1 Which of these films, if any, have you seen?
2 What is each film about and what do they have in common?
3 Which words in Exercise 2 would you associate with each film?
3.41

FILM BLOG THIS WEEK’S THEME:

DISASTER MOVIES BASED ON TRUE STORIES
The subject of this week’s Film Blog is natural disasters.
+HUHDUHIRXUĠOPVDOOEDVHGRQWUXHVWRULHVWKDWZLOOKDYH
you sitting on the edge of your seat! NB: The summaries
contain SPOILERS!
A EVEREST
1 Everest tells the story of an attempt to reach the summit of
Mount Everest in 1996. Several teams of climbers encounter
a severe blizzard and eight climbers die, including two
expedition leaders.
5 Once the climbers depart the base camp and begin the
ascent, the film becomes a gripping tale of survival, life
and death. When they begin their descent the blizzard hits.
Climbers are blinded in the snowstorm and can see no more
than thirty centimetres in front of them. It is best not to move
10 in a whiteout, but if you stay still on Everest, you’ll freeze to
death. With gale-force winds of 160 kilometres per hour, and
a lack of oxygen, the climbers fight for their lives. The severe
weather conditions make rescue impossible.
The special effects make you feel as though you are right
15 there with the climbers. During filming on
Everest, an avalanche struck, killing sixteen
Sherpa guides – a harsh
reminder that Everest is
one of the most dangerous
20
places on Earth.
In films like Everest, it’s difficult
to feel sorry for the characters.
If they want to take risks by
climbing mountains, it’s up to
them. Not my problem. Ada
120
B ADRIFT
There are few forces on
Earth more deadly than a
Category 4 hurricane. At
its centre, a Category 4
25 generates winds of over
200 km/h and waves
up to thirty metres in
height. Adrift begins with
Californian Tami Oldham
30 waking up on her yacht
after being unconscious for some time. She searches the
boat for her British fiancé Richard Sharp, and soon realises
he must have been swept overboard during the hurricane.
The film then goes back to five months before the hurricane
35 when Tami and Richard are hired to deliver a luxury yacht
from Tahiti to San Diego, 6,500 kilometres away. Two weeks
into the voyage, they hear on the radio that a huge storm is
brewing on their route, so they change course. Meanwhile,
Hurricane Raymond changes direction unexpectedly, and
40 they end up sailing straight into the eye of the storm.
The yacht is battered by twelve-metre waves and Tami
wakes up alone. Then she spots Richard in the water.
When she manages to save him, she realises that he has
life-threatening injuries. So she has to repair the boat
45 and reach Hawaii. The unexpected twist is when Tami
realises that Richard is actually a hallucination. At the end of
the film, she is eventually rescued by a Japanese boat after
being all alone aboard the yacht for forty-one days.
When I saw Adrift, I couldn’t help wondering whether I’d be able to
survive on my own, lost at sea. I’m not sure. 41 days is a long time. Fred