__ Cyclic Codes Turbo Codes

Special class of linear block codes. Turbo codes are a superset of block and
convolution codes.
• Dividing messages into fixed-size
• Multiple Encoders: Two or more
blocks.
Main Concept encoders run in parallel
• Increasing redundancy using linear
algebra operations. • Interleaver: Construct a random

• Shift register and a modulo-2 adder code of the encoded bits.

are the two crucial elements. • Iterative Decoding: Estimates of

transmitted data

I. Good error correction especially for burst I. Near Shannon Limit

Advantages errors. Performance.
II. Algebraic Structure. II. Excellent Error Correction
Capability.

I. Limited to Binary Codes. I. Complexity.

Disadvantages II. Decoding complexity increases with the II. Sensitivity to Channel Conditions.
size of the code.

❑ IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) ❑ 3GPP TS 25.212

❑ IEEE 802.3 (Ethernet) ❑ IMT-2000
❑ GSM ❑ DVB-S2
Standards
• Standards specifies the use of cyclic • Standards specifies the use of turbo
redundancy check (CRC) codes. codes in mobile communication [ex:
• Polynomial eq, depends on the 3G, 4G LTE].
application.

I. Disk storage [ DVDs] . I. Wireless Local Area Networks

Applications II. Network Protocols [CRC] . (WLANs).

II. Mobile Communication [ex: 4G].