VENICE & ITS

LAGOONS
MANAGEMENT
PLAN (2012-2018)
A Case Study

SUBMITTED BY:
LORELIE D. PINGOL

TOUR 281
Overview of the Destination
Italy is a peninsula that is located in the southern part of Europe surrounded by Adriatic
Sea, Tyrrhenian Sea, Mediterranean Sea and other body of waters. The mountains
surrounding the interior of the region divided the country into 20 regions. One of the
famous attractions in Italy is the city of Venice which is located in its north eastern part
in the region of Veneto (National Geographic, n.d.).
Veneto stretches from the Dolomite Mountains up to the Adriatic Sea. It was part of the
powerful Venetian Republic for more than 1,000 years between 7 th and 8th century and is
described as a region with a thousand different faces and the custodian of natural, artistic
and traditional treasures. Presently, it is composed of six provinces namely Belluno,
Padua, Rovigo, Treviso, Verona, Vicenza and Venice (Venezia), its regional capital. (Italia
Agenzia Nazionale Turismo, n.d.).

Figure 1 Veneto Region Map

Source: http://www.orangesmile.com/travelguide/veneto/high-resolution-maps.htm

Venice & Its Lagoons | 1

Venice as a Tourist Destination
Venice, founded in the 5th century AD, has over 118 small islands and became a major
maritime power in 10th century. In 1987 it was declared as a UNESCO heritage site that
comprises of various extraordinary architectural masterpiece. It is lined up with various
Renaissance and Gothic designed structures that houses works by some of the world’s
greatest artists (UNESCO, n.d.). Today, it is famously known because of its priceless
Venetian Lagoon where gondola traverses the canal not only for commercial and trade
purposes but also because it is part of the tourist experience in the city.

The Tourism Sector in Venice

Tourism is an important economic resource and a substantial development opportunity
in Venice. However, due to continuous increase of tourist arrivals in the city in the past
few years it is exerting considerable impacts on the changes to the urban fabric and the
management and socio-economic organization of the historic city. Furthermore, the
pressure of tourists on old city and built areas of the lagoon territory is so great that it
causes huge distress to the residents and to the environment, jeopardizing the heritage
site ("Venice and Its Lagoon Management Plan" 2012-2018).
In the past ten years, the overall average annual growth rate of tourists in Venice is 3%
with international tourist arrivals of 4% growth rate while domestic tourist growth rate
is at 1% only (2009-2018).

Figure 2 Venice Tourist Arrivals

Tourist Arrivals
Venice
12000000

10000000

8000000

6000000

4000000

2000000

0
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Intl Domestic TOTAL Linear (TOTAL)

Source: Sistema Statistico Regionale, Venezia

Venice & Its Lagoons | 2

Based on these statistics it is observed that international tourists are more likely to visit
Venice compared to domestic tourists. Furthermore, domestic tourists’ growth rate has
no drastic increase or decrease in the course of 10 years.

Tourist Attractions
St. Mark’s Basilica
A Byzantine architecture known for its opulent design and gilded interior mosaics
because of this it is dubbed as “Church of Gold”. Its design is a mixture of eastern and
western design resulting to a unique architectural style.

St. Mark’s Square

It is constructed in 9th Century as small square dotted with trees. The square is separated
by a small canal called the Rio Batario before it was paved with bricks in 1267. It’s a
central gathering place for the Venetians even before. Today, it is the location of various
important government buildings in Venice.

Palazzo Ducale (Doge’s Palace)

During the 14th Century the hierarchy of Venice decided to create a grand palace to
befitting the city’s wealth and power that lead to the construction of Venetian Gothic
architectural style designed by Flippo Calendario. However, the original designer was
executed because of treason which stalled the building of the palace until it was
completed in 1450.

Bridge of Sighs
A famous destination in Venice built in 17th Century and designed by Antonio Contino.
The bridge is connected to the old prison and interrogation rooms on Palazzo Ducale up
to the new prison situated directly across the river. A story says that if a couple kisses
under the bridge while drifting below on a gondola at sunset they will enjoy eternal love.

Grand Canal
This ancient waterway snakes through the city of Venice in a large S shape which measure
around 3,800 meters long and about 30-90 meters wide. The canal is lined with buildings
built from 13th Century to 18th Century mostly constructed by wealthy Venetian families
(Venice Attractions, n.d.).

Venice & Its Lagoons | 3

Rialto Bridge
The most visited and photographed bridge in Venice which opened in 1951. For 300 years
it is the only way to cross the Grand Canal on foot. Rialto Bridge replaced various wooden
bridges that had occupied the area since 12th Century (Venice Attractions, n.d.).
San Polo
San Polo is a vibrant district centered on the much-photographed, shop-lined Rialto
Bridge, and the Rialto Market, where stalls sell fish, fruit and vegetables. Nearby, in the
canal side Erbaria area, locals meet for aperitifs and "cicchetti," or small plates, before
heading to dinner at trendy eateries (Google Maps, n.d.).

Scuola Grande di San Rocco

The Scuola Grande di San Rocco is a lay confraternity founded in 1478. The popularity of
the cult of St. Roch, whose remains had been in the possession of the brotherhood since
1485, contributed to the latter’s rapid expansion to the extent of it becoming the richest
Scuola of the city. It is a unique site, where over 60 paintings are preserved in their
original setting in a building that has hardly undergone any alteration since its
construction (Scuola Grande di San Rocco, n.d.).

Ca' d'Oro
Originally known as the Palazzo Santa Sofia, the Ca' d'Oro is one of the most elegant
buildings on the Grand Canal. In 1420, Marino Contarini decide to build Venice’s most
magnificent palazzo wherein he hired the famous architect Giovanni Bon and his son
Bartolomeo which designed other prominent architectural structure in Venice (Venice
Attractions, n.d.).

Murano
Murano is an island north of Venice. It was founded between the 5th and the 7th
century, and it experienced its major development after 1291, when glass furnaces were
moved there from Venice. Murano became the manufacturing center for Venetian glass,
exported in large quantities to all of Europe. . A record of this aspect of Murano’s history
is found in the Museum of Glass Art in the Giustinian Palace (Encyclopaedia Britannica,
n.d.).

Burano
Burano, located in the northeastern suburb of Venice comprising of four islets. In the 16th
century, lacemaking was fostered there, and Venetian point laces, especially the lace
known as Punto di Burano, were produced until the late 18th century, when the industry
died out. A lacemaking school was founded in 1872 to revive the industry and to combat

Venice & Its Lagoons | 4

local poverty, and Burano is now one of the last surviving centers of hand lacemaking.
Fishing is also an important economic factor in the island (Encylopaedia Britannica, n.d.).

Peggy Guggenheim Collection

A private collection of post-1910 paintings and sculpture formed by the American art
collector Peggy Guggenheim and housed in the Palazzo Venier dei Leoni on the Grand
Canal, her former home. It is considered to be one of the best collections of post-1910
modern art in Europe (Encyclopaedia Britannica, n.d.).

Santa Maria Gloriosa dei Frari

A Franciscan church in Venice, originally built in the mid-13th century but rebuilt in
Gothic style in the 15th century. This important example of Venetian Gothic ecclesiastical
architecture (often referred to simply as the Frari) contains many masterpieces of
Venetian Renaissance art, notably Giovanni Bellini’s triptych “Madonna and Child with
Saints” (1488) and the “Assumption” (1516–18) and “Pesaro Madonna” (1519–26) by
Titian, who is buried in the church (Encycopaedia Britannica, n.d.).

Gallerie dell'Accademia (Fine Arts Museum)

The Museum of art in Venice housing an unrivaled collection of paintings from the
Venetian masters of the 13th through the 18th century. There are outstanding works by
Giovanni Bellini, Giorgione, Titian, Tintoretto, Giovanni Battista Tiepolo, and Canaletto
(Encyclopaedia Britannica, n.d.).

Palazzo Rezzonico
Dubbed as Museum of the 18th Century Venice. This museum is one of the best windows
into the sometimes frivolous life of the Venice of 250 years ago, as seen through the tastes
and fashions of the wealthy Rezzonico merchant family, who bought the place in 1751, a
few years before family patriarch Carlo Rezzonico (1693–1769) was elevated to become
Pope Clement XIII. There more than two-dozen canvasses that showcase daily life at
every level. There are street vendors and pickpockets, washerwomen and merchant-
princes, scent-sellers and fortune-tellers, musicians and professionals (which in the era
meant alchemists and apothecaries) (Reids Italy, n.d.).

Torcello Island
The island, a flourishing city in ancient times, was the head of an association of the
communes of the lagoon until the seat of government was moved to the Rialto in 811; the
bishopric was removed to Murano. Notable landmarks are the remains of the Sta. Maria
Assunta cathedral (founded 639, rebuilt 864–67 and 1008), with a 9th-century baptistery

Venice & Its Lagoons | 5

and fine Veneto-Byzantine mosaics, and the 12th-century church of Sta. Fosca. Two small
14th-century palaces house a museum. Torcello is inhabited mainly by fishermen and
market gardeners (Encyclopaedia Britannica, n.d.).
Lido
Lido which translated to “beach” is a 12 kilometer sandbar is a home to approximately
20,000 residents. It is the only island in Venice wherein motorized traffic is allowed on
roads. Forming a barrier between Venice and the open sea, Lido's exclusive hotels and
wide beach continue to attract tourists. The island is also a fun place for locals to hang out
during the warm months (Venice Attractions, n.d.).

The Arsenal
Built in 1320, Venice's Arsenale was the largest shipyard in the world. It played a major
role in the city's naval warfare since the early twelfth century. Today, it serves as a naval
base and technology center in the city (Venice Attractions, n.d.).

Museum of Naval History

Situated near the Arsenal it is considered to be one of the best museums of its kind. Its
entrance is surrounded by two enormous anchors from Austrian ships seized during “The
Great War”. It contains various artefacts important to the naval history of Venice. The
museum showcases the city's rich maritime history, which dates back hundreds of years
(Venice Attractions, n.d.).

Tourist Activities

 Gondola ride  Walking tours

 Dining and Drinking  Shopping
 Sightseeing  Swimming
 Photography

Venice & Its Lagoons | 6

 Figure 3 Venice Tourist Attractions

Source of Map: http://ontheworldmap.com

The “Venice and its Lagoon” Management Plan 2012-2018

This Management Plan aims to address the critical issues in Venice with the help of
concerned agencies and UNESCO. To be able to design a plan to save Venice from further
deterioration they tapped various agencies/organizations to distinguish the problems in
different sectors. In order to deliver this idea, they used the Management Plan of UNESCO
World Heritage Sites as their framework.
Figure 4 UNESCO Site Management Plan

Source: “Venice and its Lagoon” Management Plan 2012-2018

Venice & Its Lagoons | 7

 UNESCO’s framework highlights the recognition of the environmental and cultural
properties of the site; identifies the objectives; defines the reference policy framework
for the protection, conservation and enhancement of assets; and it determines action
policies, in compliance with the objectives, and the criteria governing their management
and monitoring. Furthermore, the Management Plan is broken down into 5 general
objectives ("Venice and Its Lagoon Management Plan" 2012-2018).

Figure 5 General Objectives of the Management Plan

Source: “Venice and its Lagoon” Management Plan 2012-2018

With these objectives guiding them they were able to identify the Strength, Weaknesses,
Opportunities and Threats in the site as emphasized in the second objective.

SWOT Analysis
Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities Threats
 environmental system  polluted sites and risk  enhancement of  irreversible change
of considerable of water pollution natural beauty of the
biodiversity and caused by agricultural, areas and ecological morphological
exceptional animal husbandry and networks and characteristics of
landscape values; city related activities; corridors; the lagoon eco-
 cultural, artistic and  erosion of salt marshes  enhancement and system, of its
environmental and depletion of the revitalization of the hydraulic
heritage of highly native vegetation of the historic city and dynamics, and tide
prestigious lagoon bed; historical settlements levels;
quality and value;  fragile urban, on islands;  loss of biodiversity
 balanced integration architectural and development of in the lagoon eco-
between the artistic heritage; training activities and system and of
environmental system shortage of funding for research into new environmental
and historical restoration methods, technologies quality;
settlements; and urban and materials for the  unlimited and
maintenance; preservation of the uncontrolled

Venice & Its Lagoons | 8

 high value system of  reduction of the artistic and tourist
museums, libraries and resident population architectural heritage development
archives; in the historic city and of lagoon settlements causing damage to
 prestigious cultural in the other lagoon and protection and heritage properties
centers, universities historical settlements; conservation of the due to excessive
and research centers;  reduction of activities lagoon environmental use; depletion and
regular national and and services in the system; physical
international historic city and lagoon  enhancement of the deterioration of
cultural events (Venice  historical settlements museum and historic centers,
Film Festival, the in favor of the tourist exhibition system and functional changes
Biennale etc.); monoculture; local cultural and transformed
 traditional cultural and concentration of tourist traditions; usage of the
popular events; flows  promotion and building heritage
 still viable social and on a few areas with development of and the increased
economic fabric in poor integration among high quality, urbanization for
many parts of the different forms of sustainable tourism; tourism purposes;
historic tourism;  review of the Special  decline of fishing
city and of the other  insufficient Law for Venice; activities in the
lagoon settlements; accessibility and  greater integration of lagoon and at sea,
 good infrastructures mobility within the Site production processes especially as
and efficient port and for its entire with the research and practiced with
airport system, which recreation; training activities for traditional systems
connects the city with  poor integration of new professionals; and methods;
the main Italian and traditional transport  development of  failure to depollute
international systems with minor agritourism operations, contaminated sites
urban centers; and new transport innovative cultural and to convert
 important tourist modalities; activities (eco- polluting
attractions with  inadequate awareness museum) and creation businesses with
diversified and well of the universal values of new waterborne, environment-
equipped facilities, and of the Site and central cycling and pedestrian friendly industrial
services; role played in the excursion routes; activities;
 action to ensure the collective imagination.  development of  uncertain funding
physical innovative activities for previously
and environmental and integration of programmed
safeguard of Venice production processes actions, with
against acque alte with the activity of consequent delays
and the environmental research and training in the safeguard
rehabilitation of the for new professional programme and
lagoon, as provided by figures in the field of related
the Special Laws environmental management
engineering and activities.
techniques for the
adaptation to climate
change.
Source: “Venice and its Lagoon” Management Plan 2012-2018

Venice & Its Lagoons | 9

Vision

The overall vision for Venice and its Lagoon Site was divided into four scenarios that will
describe the desired image of the site:

Figure 6 Vision for Venice

Sustainable Utilization
A place known for universal, cultural,
identity, environment and landscape
values, its places and their history.
Conservation and
Regeneration
A site with well preserved
environmental, urban and cultural
heritage and revitalized historical
settlements of the lagoon and the
rural landscape.

The Venice Lagoon: An

Updating of Values
A city that protects the welfare of its
residents and its population income
not solely depending from tourism.
Archipelago of Creativity and
Research
A center of theoretical and applied
research for the development of
environmental protection techniques
and protection of cultural, natural
and landscape heritage.

Source: “Venice and its Lagoon” Management Plan 2012-2018

To further convey these visions as an effective message it was translated into a slogan
which emphasizes the values and the potential of the site.

Figure 7 Venice Slogan

Source: “Venice and its Lagoon” Management Plan 2012-2018

Venice & Its Lagoons | 10

Key Issues and Constraints
The following are the 8 key issues identified in Venice:

Hydraulic risk – Acqua Alta (flooding)

This phenomenon happened along the mainland side of
the lagoon and is caused by the overflowing of the rivers
and watercourses of the drainage basins during heavy
rains especially if accompanied by the backflow of sea
and lagoon waters due to the effect of acqua alta and
sirocco storm surges.
Source: https://europeforvisitors.com

Wave motion
Destruction of shore bed due to increase in motorboat
traffic. These destructive environmental effects are due to
the power of engines, speed of the boats and by the
hydrodynamic characteristic of the hulls and boats.

Source: www.tripsavvy.com

Pollution
The main sources of pollution of the lagoon waters are the
civil and agricultural industrial discharges that reach the
lagoon directly or are introduced through the
hydrographic network of the drainage basin. The sources
of pollution are not only those produced by industrial
activities but also those deriving from domestic discharges
in inhabited centers of the lagoon that have no adequate Source: https://puma-diaries.com
water purification systems. Furthermore, improper
disposal of solid wastes also leads to pollution in Venice.

Depopulation
The decrease in population is caused by a whole set of factors that range from the
relocations and reduction of central management and administrative activities of the city
to the disappearance of traditional handicraft activities. The progressive reduction of
services to the population, causing an overall impoverishment of the city functions and
the marginalization of some areas. In addition, overtourism causes a negative impact
towards the residents. They felt agitated by the surge of tourists in the city and there’s a
lack of variety of job opportunities in the field aside from tourism related jobs.
Furthermore, convenience of living, the nearest car parking would be in Rome which

Venice & Its Lagoons | 11

 pricey, owning a boat requires permission from the state since the lagoon is state owned.
Due to these problems most of the locals are deciding to move to suburban cities and rent
low rise apartments.

Figure 8 Venice's Population (1991-2010)

Source: “Venice and its Lagoon” Management Plan 2012-2018

Pressure of Tourism
Although tourism is an important economic resource and represents a huge development
opportunity, however due to the size of the phenomenon and constantly increasing
tourist arrivals tourism is having a considerable impact on the social fabric and on the
conservation of cultural and natural assets. Furthermore, it develops a negative
perception of the locals towards the tourists and harbors resentment for the latter.

Figure 9 Negative Effects of Tourism to the Venetians

Source: www.independent.co.uk

Source: www.theguardian.com

Venice & Its Lagoons | 12

Major Works
Major works are all the operations, be they public, private and/or mixed, whose
infrastructural characteristics give them the capacity to change the morphological,
landscape, geo-sedimentary and environmental structure of the Site. Such an impact
inevitably has repercussions on the protection of the cultural heritage, including parts as
yet undiscovered. The impact varies considerably, and can include the immediate or
gradual destruction of submerged or underground sites, a deeply and commonly felt
danger in the Venice lagoon area.

Illegal Fishing
This is listed as one of the major causes of the deterioration of the lagoon environment
due to the erosion of the lagoon bed caused by the use of mechanical equipment for clam
fishing.

Source: https://www.researchgate.net

Building and Urban Decay

The deterioration of the historical building heritage can be due to several natural and
environmental factors that interact on the structures and on building materials altering
their original composition; it can also be due to physical transformations that are
inconsistent with the constructional characteristics of the building and to strains and
stresses caused by human activities.
One of the major causes of building and urban decay of the lagoon historical settlements,
in addition to the rise of sea level and increase of acque alte, is the wash and bow-waves
of motorboats. The motion of waves on the walls of buildings and canal sides causes
erosion and disintegration of the masonry, which has already been weakened by the

Venice & Its Lagoons | 13

 removal of subfoundation soil as a result of the growing number of acque alte followed
by extremely low tides.
Another significant cause of building deterioration is the increase in tidal levels, which in
turn aggravates the phenomenon of rising damp, impregnating masonry with salt-laden
moisture and seriously compromising their conservation
Source of basic data: “Venice and Its Lagoons” Management Plan (2012-2018)

Figure 10 Venice Problem Tree

Deterioration
of Venice

Destruction of
Venice's Climate Depopulation
Historical, Pollution Overtourism
Change
Cultural and
Environmental Disappearance
Sites of local
Hydraulic Water Solid Waste handicrafts Pressure of
Risk- Acqua Pollution Pollution Tourism
Wave Motion Alta Lack of variety
(flooding) in Job
No Improper
solid waste opportunities Resentment
adequate of locals
Major water disposal
Works towards
purification Lack of mode of tourists
systems transportation
to, from and
Illegal within the city
Fishing Congestion
in the city

Building and
Urban Decay

Venice & Its Lagoons | 14

Action Plan
The following are the 4 Action Plans devised for the project which are fundamental for
the implementation of the Management Plan:

Figure 11 Action Plan

Action Plan 1
Action Plan 2
Protection and
Sustainable Use of
Conservation of
the Site
Heritage

Action Plan 3
Action Plan 4
Communication,
Promotions and Knowledge and
Training Sharing

These Action Plans are further broken down into specific objectives and projects
which translates to further stipulate the plan.

Specific Objectives

Protect, recover and enhance

Protect, recover and enhance
the architectural. Rebuild the socio-economic
human settlements (urban
Archaeological, historical, fabric of historic centers and
fabrics, rural architecture),
artistic, ethno- expand residential areas.
the environment and the
anthropological, archival and
lagoon landscape.
book heritage.

Rationalize tourist flows by

developing complementary
forms of traditional tourism
(cultural tourism to discover
“minor” Venice, the lagoon,
rural areas, farm tourism,
environmentally-friendly
tourism, sport-related tourism,
etc).
Develop urban and periurbane
agriculture, city orchards and
on minor islands, to protect
productive agricultural areas,
avoid depopulation of rural
areas and promote the
development of rural tourism.
Enhance human resources by
strengthening and
integrating training and
research systems for
environmental and cultural
heritage.
Preserve and support
productive occupational
activities, traditional
productions and promote
new compatible activities
with the Site characteristics.
Develop a widespread
awareness of universal
values of the Site and active
forms of dialogue,
participation and actors’
involvement (citizens, users,
economic operators,
tourists).
Create a coordination system
to share and disseminate
researches, surveys and data
produced by institutional
bodies and to identify new
topics to be developed.
Improve accessibility,
mobility and the transport
system within the Site, by
encouraging alternative slow
mobility solutions;
Coordinate and promote
cultural and marketing
territorial initiatives
referred to the Site.
Promote joint and
standardized services offered
by the bodies present on the
territory in order to enjoy the
cultural heritage via the net,
by supporting the
dissemination of international
interoperability and content
accessibility standards.
Venice & Its Lagoons | 15
Functional Strategies
Based on the overall destination development strategy the following are the functional
strategies in the Management Plan:

Heritage Conservation

Cultural Preservation

Human Resource Development and Institution Gathering

Sustainable Use of the Site

Destination Marketing

Product Development

Site Improvement

Results and Monitoring

Hydraulic risk – Acqua Alta (flooding)

Project Mose started in 2003 and is designed to combat the flooding in Venice which
amounts to around $6.3 billion. The design in consist of 78 mobile gates stationed at three
different inlets. When the tides reaches 43 inches, the gates are expected to rise above
the water’s surface and protect the lagoon from flooding. When the tide lowers, the gates
fill with water and lower back in place. However, due to corruption and mismanagement
issues the construction of Project Mose is expected to finish in 2022 (Business Insider,
2018)
Furthermore, Venetians are periodically combating the flood by raising pavements,
walkways and building embankments, though this will also damage the city’s architecture
(The Conversation, 2018).
However, the negative impacts of climate change constantly affects Venice and flooding
is still a major problem in the city.

Venice & Its Lagoons | 16

Wave motion
As of 2013 motorboats were already banned to traverse the Grand Canal (The Insider,
2013). Consequently, canoes, kayaks, paddle boards and paddle boats are also banned in
major waterways of Venice in 2018 and anything inflatable is prohibited to except to the
gondolas (Mellen, 2018). This somehow reduced the traffic in waterways of Venice
however, it still congested due to overtourism.

Pollution
Because Venice mainly depend on its 16 th century sewage system that releases waste
water directly into canals through underground channels called gatoli water pollution is
still a big problem in Venice. There are sedimentation tanks to filter solid waste materials
and septic tanks to biologically decomposed contaminants however, these methods are
not widespread or comprehensive (Sung, 2016).

Depopulation
Due to rising demand of tourists most of the apartments and homes in Venice are being
listed in Air BnBs which results to higher rentals that a common Venetian can barely
afford (Boigenzahn, Loftin, Roncati, & Yuzvik, 2016). Altogether, the rising floods of
Venice and lack of mode of transportation and costly rentals are the some of the reasons
why Venetians are opting to live in other cities.

Pressure of Tourism
Due to overtourism many Venetians are favoring the Anti-tourism protests in their city
and because the tourist arrivals are further increasing annually, locals are being
dismayed of this phenomenon. Last 2018 an Anti-tourist protest erupt in Venice wherein
around 30 activists attacked the checkpoints at Piazzale, Roma – the bus terminal and
main point of entry to Venice while shouting “Free Venice” (Smith, 2018). Furthermore,
in the same year a project that aims to mitigate the negative interaction of locals towards
the tourists sparked an outrage to the Venetians. The project’s aim is to separate the
walkway of tourists from the locals’ however, it backfired. The locals tear down a couple
of turnstiles while protesting that the local government should stop the massive
displacement of inhabitants (Buckley, 2018). This 2019, the local government is
proposing to charge admission fees to the coming day-trippers in the city in hope that it
will become a significant turning point in the management of Venice’s tourist flows. The
admission fee would cost around $3.42 per tourist (Reuters, 2019).

Venice & Its Lagoons | 17

Major Works
Preservation and conservation of buildings in Venice is evident. Buildings that will be
constructed must not harm the architectural heritage of the site. In addition, in promotes
the mitigation of the environmental and landscape impacts of large infrastructural
projects (Venice and its Lagoon, n.d.).

Illegal Fishing
Venice intensified control thru public authorities in order to limit illegal fishing that will
promote the restoration of the lagoon-bed vegetation. Moreover, they are promoting
regulatory measures to control mechanical fishing methods and accelerating the
implementation of their plan. There are also activate systems of video surveillance and
remote controlling and monitoring of critical areas where illegal fishing is more intensive,
however, it is not widely adopted in the city of Venice (Venice and Its Lagoon , n.d.).

Building and Urban Decay

Venice is following the International Chart for the conservation and Restoration of
Monuments and Sites (Venice Charter 1964). It has no large scale problem in conserving
and restoring its buildings, however, due to acqua alta caused by climate change and
pressure of tourism its historical architecture is at risk of deterioration overtime.

Best Practice/s
Heritage Conservation
Venice’s Heritage Conservation is very apparent and alive that it maintained the city’s
remarkable architectural designs and artworks thru preservation. The way it gives
importance to its heritage does not only benefits the locals but also paved way to its
position today as a city of culture, history and arts. If not for force majeure such as acqua
alta and the untamed overtourism in the site its heritage sites would not be in danger of
destruction.
Like Venice, Philippines has also plenty of Heritage Sites that should be protected.
Countless architectural heritage, arts and culture in various parts of the country must be
preserved. Hopefully, it will practice the way Venice conserve its heritage and will learn
from the negative impacts of tourism that the city is currently experiencing, threatening
the glory of its heritage to be seen by the future generations.

Venice & Its Lagoons | 18

References
"Venice and Its Lagoon Management Plan" 2012-2018. (n.d.). "Venice and Its Lagoon" Management
Plan 2012-2018.

Boigenzahn, H. A., Loftin, S. A., Roncati, D. M., & Yuzvik, A. (2016). Vacation Rentals and Residential
Housing in.

Buckley, J. (2018, April 29). VENICE LOCALS TEAR DOWN TURNSTILES AMID FURY AFTER THEY ARE
SEGREGATED FROM TOURISTS BECAUSE CITY IS SO BUS. Retrieved from independent.co.uk:
https://www.independent.co.uk/travel/news-and-advice/venice-segregation-tourists-locals-
turnstiles-torn-down-protest-latest-brugnaro-a8328101.html

Business Insider. (2018, November 02). A $6.5 billion sea wall was supposed to stop Venice from
flooding. Now, most of the city is underwater. Retrieved from Business Insider:
https://www.businessinsider.com/venice-mose-flood-gates-storms-2018-11

Encyclopaedia Britannica. (n.d.). Galleries of the Academy of Venice. Retrieved from Britannica:
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Galleries-of-the-Academy-of-Venice

Encyclopaedia Britannica. (n.d.). Guggenheim Collection. Retrieved from Britannica:

https://www.britannica.com/topic/Guggenheim-Collection

Encyclopaedia Britannica. (n.d.). Murano Island, Italy. Retrieved from Britannica:

https://www.britannica.com/place/Murano

Encyclopaedia Britannica. (n.d.). Torcello italy. Retrieved from Britannica:

https://www.britannica.com/place/Torcello

Encycopaedia Britannica. (n.d.). Santa Maria dei Frari. Retrieved from Britannica:
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Santa-Maria-dei-Frari

Encylopaedia Britannica. (n.d.). Burano Italy. Retrieved from Britannica:

https://www.britannica.com/place/Burano

Google Maps. (n.d.). San Polo Quickfacts. Retrieved from Google Maps:
https://www.google.com/maps/place/San+Polo,+30100+Venice,+Metropolitan+City+of+Ven
ice,+Italy/@45.4379149,12.3207164,15z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x477eb1c51099b0e7
:0x7981d9357b389a9a!8m2!3d45.4376436!4d12.3290729

Italia Agenzia Nazionale Turismo. (n.d.). Veneto. Retrieved from www.italia.it:

http://www.italia.it/en/discover-italy/veneto.html

Mellen, H. (2018, August 7). Venice Bans Kayaks and Other Recreational Boats From the Grand
Canal. Retrieved from https://thepointsguy.com/news/venice-bans-recreational-boats-
from-the-grand-canal/

National Geographic. (n.d.). National Geographic Kids. Retrieved from kids.nationalgeographic.com:

https://kids.nationalgeographic.com/explore/countries/italy/#italy-coliseum.jpg

Reids Italy. (n.d.). The Ca' Rezzonico. Retrieved from Reids Italy:
http://www.reidsitaly.com/destinations/veneto/venice/sights/ca_rezzonico.html

Venice & Its Lagoons | 19

Reuters. (2019, February 27). Italy's Venice to charge admission fees for tourists. Retrieved from
www.uk.reuters.com: https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-italy-venice/italys-venice-to-charge-
a-fees-for-tourists-idUKKCN1QG1F4

Scuola Grande di San Rocco. (n.d.). Retrieved from SCUOLA GRANDE DI SAN ROCCO ORG:
http://www.scuolagrandesanrocco.org/home-en/

Smith, O. (2018, April 30). Anti-tourist protests ERUPT: Chaos on streets of Venice as locals TEAR
DOWN barriers. Retrieved from Express:
https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/952796/Tourism-tourists-Venice-travel-
segegration-checkpoints-protest

Sung, K. (2016, November 03). Venice: A Historic City Facing Modern Contamination. Retrieved from
savethewater.org: http://savethewater.org/2016/11/14/venice-historic-city-facing-modern-
contamination/

The Conversation. (2018, November 13). Venice flooding is getting worse – and the city’s grand plan
won’t save i. Retrieved from The Conversation: http://theconversation.com/venice-flooding-
is-getting-worse-and-the-citys-grand-plan-wont-save-it-106197

The Insider. (2013, April 14). Motorboats banned from Venice canals. Retrieved from The Insider:
https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/motorboats-banned-from-venice-
canals-8572628.html

UNESCO. (n.d.). Venice and its Lagoon. Retrieved from UNESCO: https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/394

Venice and Its Lagoon . (n.d.). Illegal Fishing. Retrieved from veniceandlagoon.net:
http://www.veniceandlagoon.net/web/en/management_plan/macro_emergencies/illegal_fi
shing/

Venice and its Lagoon. (n.d.). Major works. Retrieved from veniceandlagoon.net:
http://www.veniceandlagoon.net/web/en/management_plan/macro_emergencies/major_
works/

Venice Attractions. (n.d.). Retrieved from A View on Cities:

http://www.aviewoncities.com/venice/veniceattractions.htm

Venice & Its Lagoons | 20