SEM 3 block 1, 2 automotive 2.

0 Learning by answering questions TaD ICE

VVT par. 7.4.1 and 7. 4. 2

1) The purpose of VVT serves three major overall goals (objectives)?

1) Smaller scavenging loop

2) Making DI for petrol engines possible (useful)
3) Make a better cylinder filling, with the coupled advantages.

2) What other possible goals can you come up with:

1) Better exhaust gas after treatment

2) Internal EGR
3)

3) Create (draw) a graph where you can express the volumetric efficiently against closing angel of the
inlet valve with engine speed as parameter (engine speed high and engine speed low).

n Low
n high
ŋv

γ
γ γ
γ

4) Think and write down on which areas (engine technology) VVT can improve the combustion
engine behaviour.

Answer

1) Turbo charging down sizing

2) Direct injection (DI), through Improved flow motion

3) Cylinder deactivation

4) Improved engine breaking

5) Improved ηV

6)

5) Why is it that fully variable valve timing is a system which will be first developed (exploited) to
assure lower BSFC. Instead of DI or cylinder displacement.

Answer: Proven technology and low cost

SEM 3 block 1, 2 automotive 2.0 Learning by answering questions TaD ICE

6) Explain the figure on slide 24 of the PPT TaD-PT VVT.

Conventional valve
actuation with throttle
De-throttling with

Early inlet valve

closing

Late inlet valve

closing

Figure: pV diagram and

valve IVC point | HTS

Atkinson/Miller?

The first figure shows conventional valve opening and closing, as can be seen in the PV-diagram the
scavenging loop has a significant area (negative Work).

The second figure shows early intake valve closing. When the intake valve closes the PV diagram
shows no decrease in pressure (meaning the throttle valve is fully open). Then when the intake valve
closes early the pressure drops until BDC, but the vacuum helps the piston back up, resulting in almost
no area (negative Work) for the scavenging loop. (note that the piston ‘sees’ atmospheric pressure on
its crankcase facing side).

In the third figure the intake valve is kept open resulting in no drop in pressure during the scavenging
loop. This means almost no area and almost no negative Work. This ‘late intake valve closing’ is also
referred to as the Atkinson cycle.

7a) Explain how inlet back flow is created via VVT

By opening the IV before TDC (during the exhaust stroke),

some exhaust gasses will be pushed into the intake port.
Then during the intake stroke these exhaust gasses will be pulled
back into the cylinder, resulting in (what we call internal) EGR.

7b) Explain how exhaust back flow is created via VVT

By keeping the exhaust valve longer open (during the intake stroke),
some exhaust gasses will be pulled back into the cylinder from the
exhaust port. This results in internal EGR.
SEM 3 block 1, 2 automotive 2.0 Learning by answering questions TaD ICE

7c) When would you use negative valve overlap on combustion engines?

Answer: fast flammable fuel (hydrogen) you do not want the air/ fuel mixture to be able to ‘reach’ the
hot exhaust gasses in the exhaust system and ignite, this is mostly valid with port fuel injection.

8a) See slide 18 of the PPT TaD-VVT.

Can you explain the circular actions in which the combustion is represented

When NOx emissions are too high, EGR is applied to counter the NOx. This results in decreased O2,
which results in higher soot concentration. To counteract the soot, the boostpressure of the turbo can
be increased, also rail pressure can be boosted for better automation. To lower the soot, the injection
pattern can also be changed. The higher boost pressure results in higher O2 together with the better
atomisation, soot will be decreased.

Because combustion now will be better (faster flame front), temperature will rise, and with that also
the NOx.

8b) Why is this slide shown in the lesson on VVT

Because temperature and EGR can also be controlled through VVT. Also swirl and tumble can
controlled through VVT. In this way NOx emission can be controlled better.

9) See (slide 19 of 2020 PPT)

On slide 18 there is a certain engine condition not mentioned. So you can say that on the
slide there is something wrong. What is this condition?

The part load condition is missing

10) When can we make use of variable valve timing (Slide 30 of 2020 PPT)

Especially in part load will VVT help boost efficiency. Together with VC this can be maximized.
SEM 3 block 1, 2 automotive 2.0 Learning by answering questions TaD ICE

Study the rest of the slides, and write down the questions which occur during your study.