New Middle East International School

Academic Year (2023-2024)

Name: Grade: 10 Sec: Worksheet: Imp. Notes

Subject: Physics Topic: Electricity Date:
Electric Current
The rate of flow of charges is known as electric current.

i.e., I = Q / t; The SI unit of electric current is Ampere (A).

One ampere is constituted by the flow of one coulomb of charge per second,
that is, 1 A = 1 C/1 s. Small quantities of current are expressed in milliampere
(1 mA = 10–3 A) or in microampere (1 mA = 10–6 A).
 Direction of electric current is same as direction of positive charges and opposite to the
direction of flow of negative charges.
Potential Difference
Work done per unit charge in taking charge from one point to another is known
as Potential Difference. The S.I unit of potential difference is volt (V). V = W / Q
 1V is defined as the potential difference between two points if 1 Joule of work is done to
move 1 coulomb charge from one point to another.
Ohm’s law
Potential difference between two points is directly proportional to the current, provided
temperature is constant.
V∝l
⇒ V = lR
R is a constant known as Resistance.
Resistance:
Resistance is the opposition that a substance offers to the flow of electric current.
The SI unit of resistance is ohm (Ω)
Resistance of a conductor (i) is directly proportional to length of conductor(ii)inversely
proportional to the area of cross-section(iii)directly proportional to the temperature(iv)Depends
on nature of material.
R = ρ l /A
where ρ (rho) is the proportionality constant. It is called the electrical resistivity of the material
of conductors. SI unit of resistivity (ρ) is Ω m
Resistors in series: When two or more resistors are joined in series, then their total resistance is
given by the formula-

RS = R1 + R2 + R3
When resistors are connected in series, current through each of the resistors and current
through the entire circuit remains the same, (I).
When resistors are connected in series, the potential difference through each of the resistors
and the potential difference through the entire circuit are different.
V = V1 + V2 + V3
Resistors in parallel:In this case, voltage is same across each resistor and is equal to
applied voltage. Total current is given as-

I = I 1+ I 2+ I 3
Heating effects of Electric Current: Joule’s Law of Heating: H = l2 Rt
Heat produced in a resistor is directly proportional to square root of current, directly
proportional to resistance for a given current & directly proportional to time.
Electric Power:
The rate at which electric energy is dissipated or consumed in an electric current. The SI unit of
power is Watt. P = Vl ; P = l2 R = V2/R
The commercial unit of electric energy is kilowatt hour (KWh).