In Li ion Battery, Protection system is designed for continuous monitoring of Electrical Power system

and it should ensure maximum continuity with minimum damage to life, equipment and property.It
should provide maximum continuity and service.

Aim : The protection should ensure minimum fault duration and consequent equipment damage.

If the fault clearing is delayed, the healthy equipment of the electrical Power system may damage due
to excessive thermal and mechanical stresses. So protection system should operate as quickly as
possible.

Beyond the ISC level, an extra Short-Circuit Protective Device (SCPD) must be integrated in
conjunction with the Contactor. Fuses typically serve as the SCPD, positioned between the high-
voltage source and the component susceptible to short-circuit failure, clearing in case of a short
circuit occurrence.

Protection co-ordination:

1. Mosfet Based Protection Scheme:

With a fuse in series, High short-circuit currents will be cleared quickly by the Mosfet within the Fuse
opening time (A fuse is known to operate for almost about 2 ms while Mosfet operate about 10 µs).
So in this case Mosfet work as primary protection and Fuse work as secondary protection.

2. Contactor Based Protection Scheme:

All currents up to ISC will be interrupted by the contactor only required to withstand a few milliseconds
of arcing current. In this region contactor work as primary protection and Fuse work as secondary
protection.

When a fuse is in series, it swiftly clears high short-circuit currents within the contactor's opening time
(approximately 2 ms for a fuse and 10 ms for a contactor), thereby protecting the interrupter from
the energy of the fault current. Thus, in this scenario, the fuse serves as the primary protection while
the contactor acts as secondary protection.

Make sure that the contactor can withstand the fault current until the fuses break.