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SMART MATERIALS E
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Submitted By o
NAME: SHAYIQ MAQBOOL
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ROLLNO. ME-21-30 i
SEMESTER: 5 TH SEM MECHANICAL c
DEPT. OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING IUST
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Submitted To
Dr. Majid Hameed koul
Dr. Wani Khalid Shafi
Project 1 coordinators
DEPT. OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING IUST

Submitted on 03 April 2024

Types of materials
MATERIALS

WOOD METALS POLYMER CERAMICS COMPOSITES

Comparison Between Materials

SMART MATERIALS….!!!
Smart materials, also called intelligent or responsiveness
materials, are the materials that have one or more
properties that can significantly changed in a controlled
fashion by external stimuli .
The several external stimulus to which the SMART
Materials are sensitive are :
1. Stress;
2. Temperature;
3. Moisture;
4. pH;
5. Electric Fields;
6. Magnetic Fields……

Smart materials can respond to a change & are

❖able to receive information(sensing the problem)
❖able to analyze & decide(processing the information)
❖able to act on the decision(actuating the process)

HISTORY OF SMART MATERIALS

First research on smart materials was done by ARNE
OLANDAR in 1938, but they came into real light in 1960's.
After this period these materials came into wide due to their
dynamic properties exhibited by them.
Properties of smart materials
Sensing materials :
These can detect changes in their environment.
These can change their shape, size, or other properties in
response to stimuli.
Adaptability:
Smart materials can adapt their behavior or properties in
response to external conditions, making them suitable for a
wide range of applications.
Multi-functionality:
Many smart materials offer multiple functionalities, such as
being both sensor and actuator, which allows them to respond
to stimuli and then act on it without external intervention.
Reversible changes:
The chanes in the material can be reversible, as the change in
the stimulus can bring the material back to its previous state.
Shock-absorbers and Self-healing capabilities.

Classification of Smart Materials

Specific Types Of Smart Materials are as:
1. Piezoelectric Materials.
2. Magnetostrictive Materials.
3. Thermoelectric Materials.
4. Shape Memory Alloys.
5. Electrostrictive Materials
Piezoelectric Materials
Piezoelectric materials are very common example of such
materials where they produce a voltage when stress is
applied. Since this effect also applies in the reverse manner, a
voltage across the sample will produce strain within the
sample.
They can also be used in Air bag sensor, air flow sensor, seat
belt buzzer, knock sensor optical-tracking devices, dot-matrix
printers, computer keyboards, , micro-phones, pressure
sensor.

Shape Memory Alloy

A shape memory alloys (SMA) are metal alloys that can be
deformed at one temperature but when heated or cooled,
return to their “original shape”.
Shape Memory Alloys are materials that “remember” their
original shape.
SHAPE MEMORY EFFECT
It is the unique ability of materials to be severely deformed
and then return to their original shape through stimulus .
SHAPE MEMORY EFFECT
It is the unique ability of materials to be severely deformed
and then return to their original shape through stimulus .
SME occurs due to the change in the crystalline structure
of materials.

Examples of Shape Memory Alloy

Nickel-Titanium alloys (NiTinol)

Copper -Aluminium- Nickel alloys
Copper-Zinc-Aluminium alloys
Iron -Manganese-Silicon alloys
Nickel–titanium alloys have been the most used shape
memory material. This family of nickel titanium alloys is
known as Nitinol, after the laboratory where this material
was first observed (Nickel Titanium Naval Ordinance
Laboratory).
Application Of Smart Materials
Nitinol has been used in military, medical, safety, and
robotics applications.
Some of the various application are as:
Aircraft:
Alloys can be used to create flexible wings in aircrafts using
Shape Memory wires.
Nuclear Industries:
Smart materials finds several application in nuclear industry,
enhancing safety, efficiency and performance improvement.
Civil engineering
Smart materials plays very important role in the field of
engineering. It is used to detect cracks in concrete structure,
vibration of tall buildings, strain measurement in bridges
using embeded fiber optic sensors.
Health:
Biosensors made from smart materials can be used to
monitor blood sugar levels in diabetics.
Robotics :
Muscle Wires: SMAs are very good at mimicking human
muscles and tendons so they can be used to create human
like movements in robots.
Environmental Monitoring And Protection:
They are used in environmental monitoring and
protection , such as sensors that detects pollutants or
changes in environmental conditions.
Energy Harvesting:
Piezoelectric materials convert mechanical energy (e.g.,
vibrations) into electrical energy.
Advantages of Smart Materials
1. Smart Materials have better durability and relaibility.
2. High energy density.
3. Smart materials reduces the production costs.
4. Smart materials get smarter with the ability to better
control of shape and size.
5. Smart materials reduces the weight of the components
used in mechanical and electrical industries.
6. Simplified packaging.
7. Some smart materials are self repaired materials as the
material can be repaired itself if it damages.

Disadvantages Of Smart Materials.

1. Smart materials are very expensive.
2. They are not easily available in the market.
3. They are very sensible so they need proper care
while storing it .
4. Smart materials need proper skill to recognize it
among other materials.
5. The production and disposal of some smart materials
may involve toxic chemicals or processes that have
negative environmental and health impacts.
Conclusion
Smart materials are not only useful but also cost effective
as compared to conventional materials for both new and
existing constructions.
The development of smart materials is driving innovation
across multiple sectors, including healthcare, aerospace,
automotive, and construction offering new solution to
complex challenges.
The future of smart materails looks promising with ongoing
research focussed on enhancing their responsiveness,
durability and boicompatibility.

Call to Action
The report could conclude with a call to action to develop
educational programs and courses that focus on smart
materials and their application.