MODALS: OBLIGATION, NECESSITY AND ADVICE (2) Advice + We use should /shouldn’t+ verb to give advice to someone, and when the speaker believes something is the right thing to do. You should arrive at the airport early. You shouldn't take too much hand luggage. Practice 11 Give advice to the people in the following situations. Use should(n') + the words in brackets. 1. Adam's got to catch a train in twenty minutes but he can't walk to the station. You__(calla taxi). 2. Amina has a test in school tomorrow. Her sister wants her to play a video game. You (revise). You your sister) 3. Dmitri is going out later. He's used his phone allot already today. You___(charge it). 4 Texwants to mend his bike. He's wearing his best sweater. You ____(change your sweater). Obligation and necessity + We use need to + verb when we believe something is important, but not a rule or law. You need to keep your passport in a safe place. + We use have to + verb when something is necessary because its arule or the law. You have to get a viso. You have to show your passport when you enter the country. Lack of obligation + When something is not necessary, we use: + don't have to + verb. You don't have to pay for your food on tis fight. + needn't + verb (needn't is not followed by to). You needn't take an umbrella It wort rain. + don't need 0+ verb, You don’t need to get to the airport early. __ (play with 188 GRAMMAR REFERENCE AND PRACTICE Practice 2. Choose the correct verbs. 1 You need to / needn't finish your homework, then you can relax. 2 You have to / needn't tell the teacher today if you want to go on the school trip. 3 You shouldn't / should clean your teeth before you goto the dentist. 4 You don't have to / need to walk to school - | can give you a lift. 5 You needn't should buy a drink I've already got one for you. 6 You should / needn't pack your bag the night before you leave, so that you'll be ready when the taxi arrives. 7 You needn't / shouldn't forget to switch all the lights off before you leave. 8 | don't need to / shouldn't take a passport with ime because I'm not flying to a different country 3 Do the pairs of sentences mean the same? Mark ‘for same or D for different. Ifthey are different, can you explain why? 1 a You need to book in advance to get a cheap ticket. bb You don't have to buy your ticket in advance, butt costs more on the day. You don't have to take a lot of cash with you. Its sensible to take plenty of money with you. 3 a You shouldn't buy tickets on the internet from people you don’t know. b It's a bad idea to buy tickets on the internet from people you don't know. 4 a You should try to stay with your friends ifthere are big crowds. b You have to stay with your friends ifthere are a lot of people there. 5 a Youhave to be with an adult if you're under 16, or you can't go in. b People aged under 16 can only go in if they're with an adutt 6 a You don't have to take a phone. b Youneedn't take a phone, 7 a You should buy travel insurance before you go. b My advice is to buy insurance before you travel 8 a Youneed to be at the airport at least two hours before your flight leaves. b The airline says that you must be at the airport two hours before you fiy.