Bio192 General Biology Practical Ii Summary 08024665051

WINSMART ACADEMY
MOTTO: PERSONALISED TUTORING FOR LEADERS OF TOMORROW

WHATSAPP: 08024665051, 08169595996
winsmartacademy@gmail.com
BIO192 - GENERAL BIOLOGY PRACTICAL 11 SUMMARY
______ is the first kingdom in the six kingdom classification of living things.
Archaebacteria
The first kingdom in the six kingdom classification of living things is _______
Archaebacteria
The word Archae simply means _______.

Ancient
______ Kingdom contains organisms at the simplest level of organization.

Archaebacteria
Unlike bacteria, archaea lack _______ in their cell walls and have unusual (ether-linked) lipids in
their cell membranes which are not found in any other group of organisms.
Peptidoglycan
The following are diagnostic features of Archaebacteria

 Archaebacteria have no peptidoglycan in their cell walls
 The cell wall is made up of glycoproteins and polysaccarides.
 The cell wall envelopes have a high resistance to antibiotics and lytic agents due to
difference in cell wall composition.
 They have a very different lipid bilayer making up the cell membranes
 The RNA polymerase of archae is very similar to that of eukaryotes
 The eukaryotes and archea ribosomal proteins are similar to each other Archaebacteria are
about 1/10th of a micrometer to about 15 micrometer in size.
 A few are flagellated and the flagella structure is different from the flagella of other
bacteria.
 The archaebacteria are non-pathogenic bateria that live in and around other organisms.
Archaebacteria are ______ and use CO2 in atmosphere as a source of carbon for a process called
carbon fixation.
Autotrophs
Archaebacteria are autotrophs and use CO2 in atmosphere as a source of carbon for a process
called_____.
Carbon fixation
Archaebacteria have no _______in their cell walls

Peptidoglycan
Archaebacteria have no peptidoglycan in their cell walls

True
PLEASE PATRONISE US FOR MORE EXAM SUMMARY, PAST QUESTION AND TMA
WHATSAPP 08024665051, 08169595996 winsmartacademy@gmail.com Page 1
The cell wall is of Archaebacteria is made up of ______and polysaccharides
Glycoproteins
The cell wall is of Archaebacteria is made up of glycoproteins and ______

Polysaccharides
The ______ are non-pathogenic bateria that live in and around other organisms
Archaebacteria
The archae are currently placed in _____phyla

Four
The Classification of Archaebacteria

 Eurychaeota e.g Pyrococcus abysi
 Crenarchaeota e.g sulfolobus acidocaldarius
 Nanoarchaeota e.g Nanoarchaeum equitans
 Korarchaeota
Archaebacteria cells have diameters which range from about ______in (0.5–1.0 micrometer).
0.0002–0.0004
Spherical bacteria cells are called ______

cocci
Rod shaped bacteria cells are called______

bacilli
The Archaebacteria DNA is a _______circular molecule.

Single
Archaebacteriaare also known as ______

extremophiles
Based on the nature of their habitats the archae are grouped into three, these are
1. Methanogens
2. Halophiles
3. Thermoacidophiles
______ are microorganisms which can reduce carbon dioxide into methane.
Methanogens
_______ are found in areas with very high salt concentrations sea.
Halophiles
Organisms that can survive in extremely high temperatures and low pH are called______
Thermoacidiophiles
The second kingdom in the six kingdom classification of living things is______
Kingdom Eubacteria
Kingdom Eubacteria are also known as the_______.
True bacteria
There are ______main criteria used to classify the Eubacteria

Three
Bacterial cells have ______ main shapes

three
Bacterial cells have three main shapes:

1) Cocci: round with bumps
2) Bacilli: rod-shaped with lacerations
3) Spirilli: spiral-shaped with grooves
Gram-positive bacteria appear ______when stained with violet and red dye
Purple
Gram-negative bacteria appear ________when stained with violet and red dye.
Red
Eubacteria have prokaryotic chromosomes which have circular DNA molecules called_____.
Plasmids
Eubacteria have coating layer called a______.

Capsule
The following are adaptive features of eubacteria

1. Shape Spiral shaped bacteria can move through fluids more easily than can cocci or bacilli
bacteria.
2. Plasmids Bacteria contain plasmids,that can be transmitted from one cell to another.
3. Capsule protects the cell against environmental dangers, such as attack by host immune
defenses or dehydration.
4. Endospore – These are formed when surrouding conditions are unfavourable and are for
protection .thick walled endospores
5. Outer membrane- Increases the potential surface area for photosynthesis
All bacteria are either Gram positive or negative.

True
_______ are the first group of eukaryotic organisms.

Protists
Protists may be unicellular, colonial or_______.

Multicellular
Protists may be unicellular,______ or multicellular.

Colonial
There are _____ groups of Protists

Three
The following are the groups of Protists

 The Protozoan Protists
 The Algal Protists
 The Fungal Protists
________ is a microscopic living organism which consists of a single cell.

Amoeba proteus
Amoeba proteus is a microscopic living organism which consists of a _____cell.

Single
Paramecium is a ______ protozoan.

ciliate
Paramecium is a ciliate_______.
protozoan
Paramecium is a______.
Ciliate protozoan
Paramecium is often called _____

Slipper animalcules
Euglena has a light-sensitive _____ or stigma near their anterior ends.

eyespot
Volvox, Clostridium, Ulva, Spirogyra and Chlamydomonas are also known as the______.
Green algae
Spirogyra is a _____alga.
Filamentous
Phaeophyta organisms are commonly known as the ______.

brown algae
Rhodophyta are called the______

red algae
Myxomycota are known as the______

slime moulds
The following are the groups of slime moulds

A) Plasmodial slime moulds exist as single cells with thousands of nuclei.
B) Cellular slime moulds exist as separate single-celled amoeboid protists
C) The slime nets
The fourth kingdom in the six kingdom classification of living things is _____
Kingdom Fungi
The diagnostic features of the Kingdom Fungi

 The fungi are eukaryotes.
 They are multi-cellular organisms except yeast which is unicellular (does not have
hyphae).
 All are heterotrophs and never contain chloroplasts as such do not photosynthesise
 Fungi feed saprotrophically absorbing soluble organic substances as well as inorganic
from their surroundings
 Fungi reproduce by means of spores sometimes asexual and sometimes sexual
 Fungal cells always have cell walls which are made up of chitin
There are ______ phyla in the kingdom fungi

Four
The following are phyla in the kingdom fungi

 Ascomycota
 Deuteromycota
 Zygomycota
 Basidiomycota
Deuteromycota show the following diagnostic features

 Myceluim is septate
 Sexual or perfect stage is unknown
 Reproduce mostly by means of conidia e.g fusarium
Zygomycota show the following diagnostic features

 The mycelium is unseptate and coenocytic
 The sporangia has innumerable sporangiospores
 Sexual reproduction is oogamous in Oomycetes and isogamous in zygomycetes.
 Biciliate motile cells are produced by many species
 The zygote is unicellular and simple e.g Mucor, Cystopus, Rhizopus
The following are features of Basidiomycota

1) The mycelium is septate
2) Conidiia formation is not a common feature
3) The basidium usually has 4 basiodiospores formed exogenously
4) Sexual reproduction is reduced to the fusion (karyogamy) of two compatible nuclei (+ ands-)
in the young basiduim
5) Motile cells absent
6) The basidiocarp (fruiting body) is unicellular and complex. Bearing the basidia – often open,
sometimes closed.
7) Clamp connection is common e.g Puccinia, Ustilago, Agaricus
The following are examples of fungi

 Mucor
 Aspergillus
 Penicillium
 Yeasts
The plant kingdom includes the Bryophytes, ______,Gymnosperms and Angiosperms.

Pteridophytes
The plant kingdom includes the______, Pteridophytes Gymnosperms and Angiosperms.
Bryophytes
The plant kingdom includes the Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, _______ and Angiosperms.
Bryophytes
The plant kingdom includes the Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, the Gymnosperms and______.
Angiosperms
The ______were the earliest land plants and are a transitional group between terrestrial and
aquatic plants.
Bryophytes
The diagnostic features of the Bryophytes are the following

 They are primitive plants which can only survive in wet damp or shady places.
 They do not have true roots, stems, or leaves.
 They do not have the vascular tissues of xylem and phloem.
 Their sizes are very small.
 The gametophyte generation is the dominant phase of the life cycle.
 The sporophyte is attached to and is dependent on the gametophyte for its nutrition.
 The spores are produced by the sporohyte in a spore capsule on the end of a slender stalk
above the gametophte
The Division Bryophyta is divided into three classes, they are

1 Hepaticae or liverworts e.g Riccia, Marchantia
2 Anthocerotae or Horned liverworts e.g Anthoceros
3 Musci or Mosses e.g Spagnum, Funaria Polytrichum
Adaptive Features of the division Bryophyta

1 They have pores on their leaves which allows the entry of atmospheric oxygen.
2 Air-dispersed asexual spores.
3 The embryo is developed within the female sex organ; (this is a feature of all terrestrial plants).
4 They cannot withstand desiccation, this is because they do not have a cuticle
______refers to non-seed vascular plants

Pteridophyte
The following are diagnostic features of Pteridophytes

 They are specialized plants
 The sporophyte is the dominant and conspicuous generation
 The gametophyte generation of Pteridophytes is small and found in wet places
 The sporophyte is differentiated into true roots, stems and leaves
 They have vascular system made up of xylem and phloem
 The epidermis of pteridopytes are covered by cuticle and also possess stomata.
 The sporophyte produces spores which may be homosporous or heterosporous
The following are the classes of Pteridophytes

 Psilotopsida e.g Psilotum and Tmesipteris
 Lycopsida e,g Lycopodium, Selaginella
 Sphenopsida e,g Horsetails, Equisetum
 Pteropsida or Filicinae e.g Fern, Azolla. Adiantum
The following are the adaptive features of the Pteridophytes
 They have true roots, leaves and stems
 They have a vascular system made of xylem and phloem.
 Their epidermis is covered by the cuticle
 Their epidermis has stomata which helps to control water loss
The gymnosperms and the angiosperms are collectively called______

Spermatophytes
Angiosperms are also called the ______

Flowering plants
There are two classes of angiosperms: _______ and______

Monocotyledonae and Dicotyledona
The _____are also known as the Sponges

Porifera
The Porifera are also known as the ______

Sponges
The name ‘’Porifera’’ means _______

pore-bearing
_______ are the simplest form of multi-cellular animals.

Sponges
In poriferans, water enters through pores called _______

ostia
In poriferans, water flows through canals to a spacious chamber called _______

spongocoel
In poriferans, water exits through large openings called_______.

oscula
Sponges are made of ______simple and independent cells.

Four
There are three classes of the poriferans. They are

1. Calcarea. e.g Sycon,Leucosolenia
2. Hexatinella .e.g Euplectella, Hyalonema
3. Demonspongia e.g Spongilla,Cliona
The excretory system has one or two canals with branches which end in structures known as
_______
flame cells
Fasciola hepatica is called the ______

sheep liver fluke
Phylum Rotifera is divided into three classes:
 Monogononta
 Bdelloidea
 Seisonidea
The name Nematoda comes from the Greek word for _______
thread
_______ is an endoparasite in the small intestine of man lying freely in the lumen.
Ascaris lumbricoides
The body cavity leeches is a true body cavity called a______.

Coelom
Each segment of polychaeta has a pair of paddle-like structures called _______

parapodia
There are ______ classes in the phylum mollusca

three
The following are classes in the phylum mollusca

 Gastropoda(gastropods) e.g Helix aspersa (land
snail)patella(limpet)Buccinum(whelk)Limax slug)
 Pelycopoda (bivalves) e.g Mytilus edulis (marine mussel) ostrea (oyster)
 Cephalopoda(cephalopods) e.g Sepia officinalis (cuttlefish)Loligo (squid)Octopus
vulgaris
______ is the largest phylum of the animal kingdom.

Arthropoda
The largest phylum of the animal kingdom is______

Arthropoda
The Classes are of phylum Arthropoda

A ) Class Arachnida (mites, scorpions, spiders, ticks)
B) Class Diplopoda (Millipedes)
C) Class Chilopoda (Centipedes)
D) Class Insecta
E) Class Crustacea (Crabs, Crayfish, Lobsters, Shrimps)
The adaptive features of arthropods are

 They have a hard outer body covering the exoskeleton.
 They have jointed appendages.
The diagnostic features of Chordates

1) They all have a notochord
2) They have bi-lateral symmetry.
3) They have a differentiated 'head' and 'tail'
4) They all have pharyngeal slits at some stage in their life cycle.
Cephalochordates are known as _____
Lancelets
Protists are classified into ______ number of groups

3
The protozoans are classified into ______ number of divisions

4
The fungal kingdom is classified into _______ number of phyla

4
The ________ were the earliest land plants and are a transitional group between terrestrial and
aquatic plants
Bryophytes
The Division Bryophyta is divided into _________ numbers of classes

3
Porifera or sponges means _______ bearing

Pore
The sheep liver fluke is called Fasciola ______

Hepatica
In tapeworms, the hooks and suckers on the _______ is used as an attachment device
Scolex
The body of roundworms is covered by a layered ________

Cuticle
A roundworm called Ascaris lumbricoides is found in _______

Mammals
The organism that posseses a mantle and radula is ______

Snail
A rigid exoskeleton is a characteristic of the phylum_______

Arthropoda
Lungs enable mammals to use atmospheric ______

Oxygen
Sweat glands in the ______ cool body on hot days.

Skin
In birds,_______ provide a dry and extremely light covering for the body, as well as good
insulating layer.
Feathers
Webbed feet in amphibians facilitate_______

Swimming
In Pisces, their stream-lined shape with no neck minimizes friction during passage ______
In water
Pisces use _____ for locomotion in water

Fins
In amphibians, the _______ are protected from water-borne dirt by nictitating membranes
Eyes
In reptiles, the use of lungs permits use of atmospheric air for ______
Respiration
Snails belong to the phylum________

Mollusc
Earthworms belong to the phylum______

Annelid
Roundworms belong to the phylum______

Nematode
Flukes and Tapeworms belong to the phylum______

Platyhelminthes
The Porifera are also known as ________

Sponges
The gymonosperms produces naked_______

Seeds
There are_____ classes of the Pteridophytes

4
Riccia and Marchantia are_______

Bryophytes
The first division in the plant kingdom are the_______

Bryophytes
The collection of hyphae is called______

Mycelium
The division rhodophyta are reffered to as the ______algae

Red
The division chlorophyta are referred to as the_____ algae

Green algae
In the absence of light, euglena can obtain nutrition by a process called_______

Phagocytosis
In paramecium, waste disposal is carried out through the_______

Anal pores
A membrane covering that protects the paramecium is called______

Pellicle
A hair like appendages that help the paramecium move food into the oral groove is called______
Cilia
Protists are found anywhere there is_______

Water
______ are the first group of eukaryotic organisms

Protists
Angiosperms are referred to as ______plants

Flowering
Eubacteria have prokaryotic chromosomes, which have circular DNA molecules called______
Plasmids
Insects belong to the phylum_______

Arthropoda
The archaebacteria are non-pathogenic _______that live in and around other organisms
Bacterias
In amphibians, ______ the are protected from waterborne dirt by nictitating membranes.
Eyes
In reptiles, the use of lungs permits use of atmospheric air for________

Respiration
Webbed feet facilitate_______

Swimming
A roundworm called Ascaris lumbricoides is found in______

Human
The most common roundworm is_______

Ascaris
Invertebrate marine animals that have tentacles surrounding their mouth belong to the group of
organisms called_______
Cnidaria
The three classes of the poriferans are Calcarea, Hexatinella and______

Demonspongia
Slime molds belong to the division of protists called_______

Myxomycota
Euglena belongs to the division of algal protist called______
Euglenophyta
There are ______ groups of Protists

three
The Protozoan Protists eg. Amoeba and Paramecium

The Algal Protists eg. Euglena ans Spirogira
The Fungal Protists eg. slime mould and mushroom
_______ are unicellular organisms living independently or in colonies of similar cells.

Protozoans
Protozoans are unicellular organisms living independently or in _____ of similar cells.

colonies
Amoeba and Paramecium are examples of_______

Protozoans
_______ are members of the phylum Chlorophyta.

Algae
Algae are members of the phylum_______.

Chlorophyta
A few algae are single celled while most others are many celled with different body forms.
True
Algae have thick ______ and large vacuoles.

cell walls
Algae have ______ and large vacuoles.

thick cell walls
Algae have thick cell walls and______.

large vacuoles
Algae have thick cell walls and large______.

vacuoles
Most algae possess_______.

chlorophyll
Fungi belong to a different kingdom of mostly ______eukaryotic organisms.

multicellular
Fungi belong to a different kingdom of mostly multicellular ______ organisms.

eukaryotic
Fungi are _____ that secrete enzymes to break down materials outside the body.
heterotrophs
Fungi are heterotrophs that secrete ______ to break down materials outside the body.
enzymes
Fungi are heterotrophs that secrete enzymes to break down materials ______the body.
outside
Most fungi are ______ that live on dead organisms

saprophytes
Most fungi have a body made up of tangled filaments called_____.

mycelium
A mycelium is in turn made of filaments called______.

hyphae
The ______ attaches to a food source, and the hyphae although microscopic present a large
surface area through which food can be absorbed.
mycelium
Most fungi reproduce both_____ and______.

sexually and asexually
Three divisions of fungi include _______

zygote forming fungi, Ascomycete sac fungi and club fungi
______ are another group of fungi that have sexual stage of reproduction.
Imperfect fungi
_______ are found growing on bread, orange, food remains etc.

Fungi
The ______ were the earliest land plants and are a transitional group between terrestrial and
aquatic plants.
Bryophytes
Mosses is an example of______

Bryophytes
______ are commonly seen in forests and wood lands, growing on the trunks of trees.
Mosses
A common species of Mosses seen in Nigeria is _____ species.

Funaria
A ______ consists of one salk with a capsule on it.

sporophyte
The green leafy part is the______.

female gametophyte
The green leafy part is the female______.

gametophyte
A _______ is a moss of tangled green filaments that germinates and grows from a spore.
protonema
______ are non-seed vascular plants, example ferns.

Pteridophytes
Ferns is an example of______

Pteridophytes
The______is the dominant phase of Pteridophytes life cycle and they disperse by spores.
Sporophyte
Ferns like the moss grow commonly in the _______

forests, farmlands and wood lands
The seed – bearing plants of the subphylum _______ are more complex structurally than the
plants of any other grouping.
Spermopsida
The seeds of the angiosperms, or the flowering plants are enclosed in a protective structures
called______.
fruits
The seeds of the gymnosperms, or coniferous plants are found unprotected on structures
called______.
cones
The ______ include ancient lines of plants and the long evolutionary history of the gymnosperms
include many extinct forms.
gymnosperms
The greatest development of living ______have been attained by the coniferous forms in the
temperate climate of both hemispheres.
gymnosperms
The greatest development of living gymnosperms have been attained by the ______ forms in the
temperate climate of both hemispheres.
coniferous
_______ are the flowering plants.

Angiosperms
Angiosperms are the _____ plants.

flowering
In______, the sporophyte has reached its greatest specialization, while the gametophyte has
become greatly reduced.
angiosperms
In angiosperms, the ______ has reached its greatest specialization, while the gametophyte has
sporophyte
In angiosperms, the sporophyte has reached its greatest specialization, while the _______ has
gametophyte
Most ______ families are tropical in their distribution.

angiosperm
Most angiosperm families are ______in their distribution.

tropical
Most angiosperm families are tropical in their_______.

distribution
Most angiosperm _______ are tropical in their distribution.

families
Angiosperms are subdivided into ______ subclasses

two
Angiosperms are subdivided into two subclasses: _______and________

dicotyledonidae and monocotyledonidae
_______ are animals without back bones.

Invertebrates
Invertebrates are animals without______.

back bones
Animals that lack body cavity are called _______

acoelomates
Animals with body cavity that is only partially lined with mesoderm are called ______
pseudocolomates
Animals that have body cavity completely lined with mesoderm are called_______.
cooelomates
Members of the phylum Crustacea include _______

Crabs, Iobsters, crayfishes and shrimps
Cockroach and spider are members of the phylum ______and class_______.

arthropoda, insect
The class insect contains more than ______species which is about five times as many as in all
animal groups combined.
900,000
_______ are mainly land animals that occupy almost almost every environmental habitat on land.
Insects
______ are animals that are more highly developed than the invertebrates.
Vertebrates
The ______ have complicated end more efficient systems.

vertebrates
Fishes are members of the phylum ______ and subphylum vertebrata.

Chordata
Fishes are members of the phylum Chordata and subphylum______.

vertebrate
Fishes are members of the phylum ______and subphylum_______.

Chordata, vertebrata
The largest class of fishes is_______

Osteichthyes
The bony fishes are also called_______

Osteichthyes
______ are animals that have adaptations for living in terrestrial as well as aquatic environments.
Amphibians
Toads and frogs are example of _______

Amphibians
Members of the class reptilia are called ______

reptiles
Snakes, lizards, crocodiles are ______

reptiles
_______ are animals that have hairs/ fur covering their bodies.
Mammals
_______ are homoeothermic and have the most highly developed brain of all animals.
Mammals
_______ give birth to their young ones alive.

Mammals
Mammals give birth to their young ones alive.

True
_______ is the first kingdom in the six kingdom classification of living things.
Archaebacteria
The word Archae simply means______.

ancient
Unlike bacteria, ______ lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls and have unusual (ether-linked)
lipids in their cell membranes which are not found in any other group of organisms.
archaea
The _____ are non-pathogenic bateria that live in and around other organisms.
archaebacteria
Archaebacteria are autotrophs and use CO2 in atmosphere as a source of carbon for a process
called_______.
carbon fixation
Archaebacteria cells have diameters which range from about _______in (0.5–1.0 micrometer).
0.0002–0.0004
Archaebacteria, like all prokaryotes, have no membrane bound organelles.

True
The cells contain a thick cytoplasm that contains all of the molecules and compounds of ______
and nutrition
metabolism
The cells contain a thick cytoplasm that contains all of the molecules and compounds of
metabolism and _______
nutrition
_______ have a cell wall that contains no peptidoglycan.

Archaebacteria
Archaebacteria have a cell wall that contains no______.

peptidoglycan
Archaebacteria have a cell wall that contains no peptidoglycan.

True
_______ may be present in the archaebacterial cell.

Plasmids
_______ often code for particular enzymes or for antibiotic resistance.

Plasmids
Plasmids often code for particular enzymes or for _______ resistance.

antibiotic
Archaebacteria are autotrophs and use ______ in atmosphere as a source of carbon for a process
called carbon fixation.
CO2
Based on the nature of their habitats the archae are grouped into______
Methanogens, Halophiles and Thermoacidophiles
________ can reduce carbon dioxide into methane

Methanogens
_______ are found in areas with very high salt concentrations sea.
Halophiles
Organisms that can survive in extremely high temperatures and low pH are called_______
Thermoacidiophiles
Archaebacteria do not form spores and a few species of haloarchae undergoes phenotypic
switching.
True
The Archaebacteria simply means_______.

ancient bacteria
Based on the nature of their habitat archae are grouped into______

three
Eubacteria are also known as the ______

true bacteria
There are ______ main criteria used to classify the Eubacteria

Three
Bacterial cells have ______ main shapes

three
Gram-_______ bacteria have simple cell walls, that are made up of only one layer of
peptidoglycan before the plasma membrane.
positive
Gram-______ bacteria have more complex cell walls, consisting of one layer of a
lipopolysaccharide membrane and a peptidoglycan layer.
negative
Gram-negative bacteria appear ______ when stained with violet and red dye.
red
When stained with violet and red dye, gram-positive bacteria appear_______.
purple
Eubacteria have prokaryotic chromosomes which have circular DNA molecules called______.
plasmids
Eubacteria have plasmids that can be seen in relatively clear areas in the cytoplasm called______
nucleoids
The rest of the ______ is filled with ribosomes.

cytoplasm
The rest of the cytoplasm is filled with_______.

ribosomes
Many eubacteria have specialized internal membranes.

True
_______ have membranes that contain chlorophyll and other chemicals used to carry out
photosynthesis.
Cyanobacteria
Cyanobacteria have membranes that contain chlorophyll and other chemicals used to carry
out_______.
photosynthesis
Many eubacteria have yet another coating layer called a_______.

capsule
In some eubacteria, this cell wall is covered by another layer called the______.
outer membrane
_______ is made up of complex sugars and serves to protect the cell against environmental
dangers, such as attack by host immune defenses or dehydration.
Capsule
Plasmids Bacteria contain _____

plasmids
_______ protects the cell against environmental dangers such as attack by host immune defenses
or dehydration.
Capsule
_______ are formed when surrouding conditions are unfavourable and are for protection .
Endospore
_______ increases the potential surface area for photosynthesis

Outer membrane
Observe the slide using the _______ lens of the Microscope.

oil immersion
Observe the slide using the oil immersion lens of the______.
Microscope
Safranin is also called______

Carbol Fuchsin
_______ also known as the true bacteria are prokaryotes.

Eubacteria
The ______ are the first group of eukaryotic organisms.

Protists
The Protists are the first group of _____ organisms.

eukaryotic
The Protists are the first group of eukaryotic organisms.

True
_______ are found anywhere there is water.

Protists
Protists are found anywhere there is ______.

water
Protists may be______, colonial,or multicellular.

unicellular
Protists may be unicellular, _______,or multicellular.

colonial
Protists may be unicellular, colonial,or_______.

multicellular
In the ______ forms, all the cells are similar with similar, generalized functions
colonial
_______ are animal-like especially in their nutrition.

Protists
The protozoans are further classified into _____ divisions

four
_______ are unicellular and have pseudopodia

Rhizopoda
Rhizopoda are unicellular and have _______

pseudopodia
______ is a microscopic living organism which consists of a single cell.

Amoeba proteus
_______ is about 0.3 mm across and inhabits the mud at the bottom of fresh water ponds.
Amoeba
Amoeba proteus is about _______ mm across

0.3
_______ are all parasites and form tiny, infectious spores.

Apicomplexa
The Division Apicomplexa of species of Plasmodium such as P. falciparium ,P .malariae and P

.vivax which is known to cause ______
malaria
______ causes African sleeping sickness

Trypanosoma gambiense
African sleeping sickness is spread by the bite of the_______.

tsetse fly
An example of an organism in the Division Ciliophora is_____

Paramecium
Sexual reproduction in the Division Ciliophora is by _______

conjugation
_______ is a membrane covering that protects the paramecium like skin

Pellicle
_______ collects and directs food into the cell mouth in paramecium
Oral groove
_______ is used for defense in paramecium
Trichocyst
_______ forms food vacuoles in paramecium

Gullet
_______ is used as storage pocket for food in paramecium

Food vacuole
_______ is a photoreceptor which senses the light level in the organism’s environment.
eyespot
Figure 3.4 Structure of an euglena
Chlorophyta examples are ______
Volvox, Clostridium, Ulva, Spirogyra, and Chlamydomonas
Figure 3.5 Spirogyra
Phaeophyta are commonly known as the _______

brown algae
Rhodophyta are the______

red algae
Myxomycota are also known as the_______.

slime moulds
There are _______ groups of slime moulds

three
Fungi reproduce by means of ______

spores
The ______ consists of various organelles such as mitochondria, golgi apparatus, ribosomes,
endoplasmic reticulum,lysosomes, microtubules and a membrane enclosed nucleus.
cytoplasm
Fungal membranes possess ______ in contrast to cholesterol found in mammalian cells.

ergosterol
Fungal membranes possess ergosterol in contrast to _____ found in mammalian cells.

cholesterol
The ______ possesses paired chromosomes.

nucleus
The nucleus possesses _______.
paired chromosomes
The nucleus possesses paired______.

chromosomes
The Fungi exist in two fundamental forms:_______

filamentous (hyphal) and single celled budding forms (yeast)
All fungi have typical eukaryotic morphology.

True
There are ______ phyla in the kingdom fungi.

four
The ascus usually has ______ ascospores that are formed endogenously
8
The mycelium is______

septate
The ______ is multicellular and complex bearing the asci

ascocarp
The ascocarp is multicellular and complex bearing the _____

asci
A small apical opening is called ______

perithecium
A small completely closed apical opening is called______

cleistotherium
The _______ has innumerable sporangiospores

sporangia
Sexual reproduction is ______ in Oomycetes and ______ in zygomycetes.

oogamous, isogamous
The sporangia has innumerable_______

sporangiospores
The basidium usually has _____ basiodiospores formed exogenously

4
The basidiocarp is also called______

fruiting body
Fig. A mushroom
______ anchor the fungus to the substrate and also digest and then absorb the food.
Rhizoids
The fungi aremulticellular eukaryotes except the _______ which are unicellular.
yeasts
The plant kingdom includes the ______

Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, the Gymnosperms and the Angiosperms
The plant kingdom includes the_____, Pteridophytes, the Gymnosperms and the Angiosperms.
Bryophytes
The plant kingdom includes the Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, the _______ and the Angiosperms.
Gymnosperms
The plant kingdom includes the Bryophytes, ______, the Gymnosperms and the Angiosperms.
Pteridophytes
The plant kingdom includes the Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, the Gymnosperms and the_______.
Angiosperms
______ are the first division in the plant kingdom.

Division Bryophyta
The ______ were the earliest land plants and are a transitional group between terrestrial and
aquatic plants.
Bryophytes
_______ are primitive plants which can only survive in wet damp orshady places.
Bryophytes
The _______ is the dominant phase of the life cycle.

gametophyte generation
The _______ is attached to and is dependent on the gametophyte for its nutrition.
sporophyte
The sporophyte is attached to and is dependent on the _____ for its nutrition.
gametophyte
The Division Bryophyta is divided into ______ classes

three
_______ refers to non-seed vascular plants, i.e. plants with xylem and phloem whose dispersal
relies on spores not seeds.
Pteridophyte
The ______ is the dominant phase of the life cycle of the Pteridophytes.
sporophyte
The sporophyte is the dominant phase of the life cycle of the_______.

Pteridophytes
There are ______ classes of the Pteridophytes
four
The _______ are known as the amphibians of the plant kingdom

bryophytes
The gymnosperms and the angiosperms are called_______

spermatophytes
The seeds are borne on a cone Leaves - needles bundle called______

fascicle
The plant you see standing is usually the _______ generation.

sporophyte
The plant body is divided into _______

root system and shoot or stem system
Shoots consist of_______, leaves, and flowers.

stems
Shoots consist of stems, ______, and flowers.

leaves
_______ consist of stems, leaves, and flowers.

Shoots
Shoots consist of stems, leaves, and_______.

flowers
Shoots consist of _______

stems, leaves, and flowers
_______, the regions of a stem where leaves attach, are separated by internodes.
Nodes
Nodes, the regions of a stem where leaves attach, are separated by_______.
internodes
There are ______ classes of angiosperms

two
The scientific name for banana is______

Musa spp
The scientific name for palm tree is_______

Elaeis spp
The scientific name for Lemon grass is________

cynbogon spp
________ structures are protected or covered or enclosed

Reproductive
The Gymnosperm and the Angiosperm produce seeds.

True
The Porifera are also known as the ______

Sponges
_______ are the simplest form of multi-cellular animals.

Sponges
Body-cells are loosely arranged in two layers which are separated by _______
mesenchyme
______ is made up of calcareous and siliceous spicules, and spongin fibres.

Endoskeleton
Endoskeleton is made up of ______ and siliceous spicules, and spongin fibres.

calcareous
Endoskeleton is made up of calcareous and siliceous spicules, and_____.

spongin fibres
The structure of a ______ is simple.

sponge
The structure of a sponge is______.

simple
Sponges are made of ______ simple and independent cells.

four
Sponges are split into classes based on the type of ______ they have.
spicules
There are _______ classes of the poriferans.

three
_______ enables the sponges to handle the high volume of water that flows through them each
day.
Strong structure
_______ helps the sponges to control the amount of water that flows through them.
Constricting openings
The ______ act as a protection from the sun’s harmful UltraViolet rays.
colours
The colours act as a protection from the sun’s harmful_______.

UltraViolet rays
Common examples of the poriferans include _______

Spongilla, Euplectella, Hexatinella
_______ type of skeleton allows Cnidarians to move quickly and easily through the water.
Hydrostatic skeleton
________ use their nematocytes to stun, kill, or paralyze their prey and to protect them
Cnidarians
Cnidarians use their ______ to stun, kill, or paralyze their prey and to protect them
nematocytes
________ have a dorsoventrally compressed and bilaterally symmetrical body.

Flatworms
The mesoderm forms a type of connective tissue called ______

parenchyma
The excretory system in Flatworms known as ______

flame cells
Trematoda live as ctoparasitic or endoparasitic forms, commonly called_______.

flukes
Cestodes are commonly called _______
tapeworms
Fasciola hepatica is also called______

liver fluke
Fasciola hepatica needs _____ hosts to complete its life cycle

two
Most rotifers are around ______ mm long

0.1–0.5
The body of the rotifer is divided into ______ parts

three
The body of the rotifer is divided into three parts:_______

head, trunk and foot
_______ is remarkable ability to survive drying or to withstand desiccation

Cryptobiosis
The name Nematoda comes from the Greek word for _______
thread
_______ is the most common roundworm

Ascaris
A. megalocephala is found in ______

horse
_______is found in horse

A. megalocephala
_______ is found in pig

A. suum
A. suum is found in _____

pig
_______ is found in the chicken.

A. galli
A. galli is found in the______.

chicken
_______ is an endoparasite in the small intestine of man lying freely in the lumen.
Ascaris lumbricoides
Phylum Annelida is divided into _____ main groups

three
The body cavity is a true body cavity called a_______.
coelom
The circulatory system is closed, and blood is circulated by the contraction of several muscular
vessels called______.
hearts
The phylum Annelida contains several classes of _______

worms
The ______ are found in a wide range of habitats terrestrial, aquatic which may be fresh or
marine.
molluscs
Most molluscs secrete some type of ______ shell from the mantle
CaCO3
The _______ are soft bodied animals that usually have an exoskeleton made up of calcareous
shell.
Molluscs
_______ is the largest phylum of the animal kingdom.

Arthropoda
The most notable advancement of phylum Arthropoda is a_______.

rigid exoskeleton
Mites, scorpions, and spiders, ticks belong to the class_______
Arachnida
Millipedes belong to the class_______

Diplopoda
Centipedes belong to the class_______

Chilopoda
Crabs, Crayfish, Lobsters, and Shrimps belong to the class_______

Crustacea
The arthropods are found everywhere.

True
Pelmatozoa has ______ living class

one
Pelmatozoa has one living class ______

Crinoidea
Eleuthrozoa has ______ living classes

four
Eleuthrozoa has four living classes_______

Asteroidea, Echinodea, Ophiuroidea and Holothuroidea
The ______ lives in the sandy and rocky parts of the sea.
starfish
The region between any two arms is known as an ______

inter-radius
_______ can live inside the skin of other animals

Echinoderms
The phylum Echinodermata is divided into two subphyla the ______and the Eleutherozoa.
Pelmatozoa
The phylum Echinodermata is divided into two subphyla Pelmatozoa and______.

Eleutherozoa
The ______ degenerates in the adult tunicate

notochord
The notochord degenerates in the adult ______

tunicate
Vertebrates replace the ______ with vertebrae

notochord
_______ replace the notochord with vertebrae

Vertebrates
Vertebrates replace the notochord with _______

vertebrae
The four-legged land vertebrates are called______

tetrapods
Living chordates do not have radial symmetry or a calcite skeleton.

True
_______ have a segmented body plan, at least in development.

Chordates
_______ subphyla make up the phylum Chordata

Three
Cephalochordates are known as lancelets because ______

of their blade-like shape
Cephalochordates are known as ______

lancelets
Cephalochordates are known as _______

lancelets or amphioxus
______ refers to the presence of vertebrae and a vertebral column.

Vertebrata
Vertebrata refers to _______

the presence of vertebrae and a vertebral column
______ show extreme cephalization

Vertebrates
Vertebrates show extreme ______

cephalisation
The ______ generally is replaced by the cranium and vertebral column in adults.
notochord
The notochord generally is replaced by the _____ and vertebral column in adults.
cranium
The notochord generally is replaced by the cranium and _______in adults.

vertebral column
Dry scaly skin reduces_______.

evaporation
_______ are developed for movement on land.

Limbs
Bones are light-weight because _______

they are thin and hollow
_______ enable mammals to use atmospheric air.

Lungs
Lungs enable ______ to use atmospheric air.

mammals
_______ ensures high sustained metabolic activity at all times.

Homoiothermy
_______ in the skin cool body on hot days.

Sweat glands
_______ structures are present on skin for different functions e.g claws for defence, hoofs and
flashy sole pads for walking and running.
Horny
The term Pteridophyte refers to ______ plants

non-seed vascular
Cnidaria in which their body wall made up of two layers of cells are said to be _____
Diploblastic
Diatoms belongs to the group of algae called ______

Bacillariophyta
Which of the cells in Hydra is for absorption and digestion of food?

Glandular cells
________ is the dominant phase of the life cycle of the Pteridophytes.

The sporophyte
The group of plants which are not differentiated into roots, stems and leaves is called _______
Thalophytes
The group of plants which usually produce cones on which sporangia ,spores and seeds develop
are called______
Conifers
In the class Turbellaria_______ rarely present

Suckers
The main diagnostic feature of round worm is that it is_______

Elongated at both ends
A tissue responsible for secondary growth in plants is called_________

Cambium
__________ is the transverse division of the body into similar parts

Metameric segmentation
The common name of Nereis is_______

ragworm
The phylum ______ is the largest in terms of the numbers of animal species
Arthropoda
The exoskeleton in arthropods is secreted by the_______

Epidermis
_____ in arthropods and molluscs are filled with blood.

Haemocoel
The group of animals that are unicellular, animal-like cell with heterotrophic nutrition is
Protozoan
The leaves of a fern plant are called______

Fronds
Panulirus is also known as_______

Common shrimp
How many segments are on the stomach of an insect?

Eleven
The miniature edition of flagella is called_______

Cilia
Millipede is a member of which group of arthropod?

Chilopoda
The dorsal longitudinal running rod in chordates is called_______

notochord
The Osteichthyes are commonly called______

bony fishes
In the phylum Rhizopoda, the ________ have naked surface without differentiation
Sarcodinians
How many pieces of bones are in mammalian ear?

three pieces
When stained with violet and red dyes, they appear purple, sometimes blue, depending on the
temperature. What type of bacteria is this?
Gram positive bacteria
The circular DNA molecules of eubacteria is called _______

Plasmids
Some bacteria without cell wall and can change their shape are called ______
Mycoplasmas
A coating on the outside of cell wall with a definite boundary in some bacteria is called_______
Slime layer
When Amoeba pushes lobes of its protoplasm it forms ________

pseudopodia
Plasmodium that causes malaria belong to the phylum ______

Apicomlexa
The staining procedure which helps in the recognition and identification of bacteria is
called______
Gram’s stain
Myxomycota is also known as ______

Slime mould
The vascular tissue in Pteridophyte is found in ______ generation

sporophyte
_______ is a member of Porifera which do not form true tissue

Sponges
Which of these is not a class of Pteridophytes?

Anthocerotae
Identify the organism in the picture above
Lycopodium
Based on their cabon and energy sources, eubacteria are_______

Photoautotrophic
Based on their habitat, archaebacteria is grouped into all of the following except
Halogens
The cell wall of some bacteria is strong and rigid because of the presence of________
murein
The essence of staining is to help in______

recognizing and identification of the organism
Which of the following is not an adaptive feature of eubacteria?

Possession of true roots for anchorage
Apart from the outer membrane, many eubacteria have yet another coating layer called a_______
Capsule
When stained with violet and red dye, gram-positive bacteria appear _______
Purple
Gram-negative bacteria appear red when stained with _______ and red dye.
violet
Which of the following is not an adaptive feature of the slime mould?

Possession of phloem tissues
Which of the following is not a diagnostic feature of fungi?

They have true roots
The Porifera are also known as _____

sponges
There are _______ classes of the Pteridophytes

4
Roundworms belong to the phylum ______

nematoda
The phylum Cnidaria include all of the following except

snakes
The basic unit of classification in the taxonomic hierarchy is_______

Species
A roundworm called Ascaris lumbricoides is found in ______

human
Which of these is not a Diagnostic features Gymnosperm?

Double fertilization
Entamoeba hystolytica can be found in the ________

colon
Which of these organisms is a member of the Division Zoomastigophora?

Trypanosoma gambiense
Paramecium is a protozoa in the phylum _______

Ciliophora
Which of these structures is not found in paramecium?

Stigma
Which of these is not an alga protist?

Slime moulds
Which of these is not a member of phaeophyta?

Ulva
Myceluim is septate, Sexual or perfect stage is unknown, Reproduce mostly by means of conidia.
These are diagnostic features of _______
Deuteromycota
Which of these is not a groups of slime moulds?

Paramecia slime moulds
All fungi are______ in nutrition

Heterotrophic
A flask shaped ascocarp with a small apical opening is called ______

Perithecium
The spore bearing structure of most fungi is called ____

Sporangium
The genus Psilotum belongs to the class ________

Psilopsida
The seeds of Gymnosperms are borne on a _____ leaf

Cone
The superclass Agnatha include______

hagfish
The Tilapia fish belong to the class_______

Osteichthyes
Grasshopper and cockroach belong to the class________

Insecta
Centipede is an example of the class _______

Chilopoda
A typical example of the class Pelycopoda is_______

Bivalves
The radula of an octopus is used for______

Scrape food
Example of the class Hirudinea is______

Leeches
Micronucleus and macronucleus are found in_______

Paramecium
The caspids are made up of identical repeating subunits called______

Casomeres
Chlamydomonas has________ flagella

Two
Slime molds are mobile moving by ________ movement

Amoeboid
The plant body of multicellular fungi is commonly made of an interwoven mass of very fine and
delicate threads called______
Hyphae
The diagnostic features of the class Zygomycota is that the mycelium is unseptate and _______
Coenocytic
In Funaria, the dominant generation is the______

Gametophytic phase
Among Funaria, Selaginella, Cycas and Cocos which of them is more advanced?
Cocos
________ constitute a domain of single-celled microorganisms

Archaea
Organisms that are found in areas with very high salt concentrations in seas are called_______
Halophiles
Trypanosoma gambiense which causes African sleeping sickness belong to the division_______
Zoomastigophora
The whale and Dolphin belong to the class_______

Mammalia
All four-legged land vertebrates are generally referred to as _______

Tetrapod
The echinoderms are found only in the ______ habitat.

Marine
The organism above is called________
Starfish
The name Nematoda comes from the Greek word for ______
Thread
In term of presence or absence of coelom, Nematodes are said to be_______

Pseudocoelomate
______ is the dominant phase of the life cycle of the Pteridophytes.

The sporophyte
The main diagnostic feature of round worm is that it is_______

Elongated at both ends
The exoskeleton in arthropods is secreted by the _____.

Epidermis
In Pteridophytes, the gametophyte is independent at maturity and is the dominant phase of life
cycle.
False
When stained with violet and red dyes, they appear purple, sometimes blue, depending on the
temperature. What type of bacteria is this?
Gram positive bacteria
The Sharks belong to the class _______

Chondrichthyes
Which of these is not a class of Pteridophytes?

Anthocerotae
The largest phylum of the animal kingdom is _______

Arthropoda
Mites, Scorpions and Ticks belong to the class _______.

Arachnida
An example of the member of class Chilopoda is ________

Centipede
The Bivalves are members of the class ______.

Polyplacophora
The rasping organ to scrape food in Octopus is called ________

Radula
The name of the organism below is _______

Leech
Which of the following organisms exhibit internal and external segmentation?

Earthworm
The part labelled 2 in the diagram below is ______

Nucleus
The true bacteria are cosmopolitan, meaning they are found______

Everywhere
When gram-negative bacteria are stained with violet and red dye, they appear _____.
Purple
Eubacteria have prokaryotic chromosomes with circular DNA molecules called _______
Plasmid
The Algal protists possess the following pigments except:

Carotene
All fungi are _______

Heterotrophs
The flagellum in the organism below is for ______

Movement
A completely closed ascocarp of Aspergillus is called ____..

Cleistothecium
The spore bearing structure of most fungi is called ____.

Sporangium
The organism below belongs to phylum ______

Ascomycota
The basidiocarp is a unicellular and complex structure bearing _____.

basidia
The group of plants that produce naked seeds are known as _____.
Gymnosperms
Which of the following plants is NOT a dicot?

Oil palm tree
The medusa form of the cnidarians is usually_______

sessile
Snakes and turtles belong to the class _____.

Reptilia
The following animals exhibit poikilothermy except ____.

Dogs
Which of the following traits is not found in the Aves?

Presence of dry scale all over the body
Which of the following animals is a marsupial?
Kangaroo
Taenia solium belong to the class _______

Cestoda
The cell walls of some bacteria are strong and rigid because of the presence of ______
Capsule
Gram-negative bacteria appear_______ when stained with violet and red dyes.
Blue
Roundworms belong to the phylum ______

nematoda
Paramecium is a protozoa in the phylum ______

Zoomastigophora
A membrane covering that protects the paramecium like skin is called ______
pellicle
Which of these is true?

paramecium has no cilias
Which organism is referred to as "slipper animalcle"?

paramecium
Which of the following is an example of the division Ciliophora?

paramecium
Amoeba belongs to whiich of these divisions of Protozoans?

Rhizopoda
Which of the following is not a division of the protozoans?

Oligochatae
Protists are found anywhere there is _______

water
The ______ are the first group of eukaryotic organisms

Protists
The essence of staining is to help in_______

recognizing and identification of the organism
In amphibians, the ______ are protected from waterborne dirt by nictitating membranes.
eyes
In reptiles, the use of lungs permits use of atmospheric air for______

respiration
Pisces use ______for locomotion in water
fins
In ______, stream-lined shape with no neck minimizes friction during passage in water
Pisces
In Pisces, stream-lined shape with no neck minimizes friction during passage in _______
water
Webbed feet facilitate ______

swimming
Oval stream-lined shape with no neck is a characteristic feature of_______

Amphibians
______ have beaks

Birds
In birds, ______ provide a dry and extremely light covering for the body, as well as good
insulating layer.
Feathers
Sweat glands in the ______ cool body on hot days.

skin
Lungs enable mammals to use atmospheric______

air
The echinoderms are found only in the_____ habitat.

marine
The sea stars, brittle stars, sea urchins, and sea cucumbers are examples of the phylum______
echinodermata
The five classes of arthropods are diplopoda, chilopoda,arachnida, insecta and_____

Crustacean
A rigid exoskeleton is a characteristic of the phylum _____

arthropoda
Octopus is an example of a class of mollusc called______

Cephalopoda
The three classes of the phylum mollusca are gastropoda,pelycopoda and_______

Cephalopoda
The organism that posseses a mantle and radula is_____

snail
Leeches are example of the phylum_______

annelid
A roundworm called Ascaris lumbricoides is found in______
human
The most common roundworm is_______

Ascaris
The body of roundworms is covered by a layered______

cuticle
In tapeworms, the hooks and suckers on the______ is used as an attachment device

scolex
Tapeworm is known as Taenia______

solium
The sheep liver fluke is called Fasciola______

hepatica
The phylum platyhelminthes is divided into three classe namely: turbellaria, trematoda
and______
cestoda
The three main classes of the phylum Cnidaria are hydrozoa,scyphozoa and_____
anthozoa
The two body forms in the phylum Cnidaria are______ and_______

polyp, medusa
Invertebrate marine animals that have tentacles surrounding their mouth belong to the group of
organisms called_____
Cnidaria
The colors of sponges act as a______ from the sun’s harmful UltraViolet rays
protection
The three classes of the poriferans are Calcarea, Hexatinella and_______

Demonspongia
The three classes of the poriferans are_______, Hexatinella and Demonspongia
Calcarea
The three classes of the poriferans are Calcarea, ______ and Demonspongia
Hexatinella
Porifera or sponges means______ bearing

pore
Animal kingdoms have _____ number of phyla

10
Spermatophytes consist of ______ and angiosperms

gymnosperms
Spermatophytes consist of gymnosperms and _______
angiosperms
The Division Bryophyta is divided into______ numbers of classes

3
The Bryophytes were the earliest_______ plants and are a transitional group between terrestrial
and aquatic plants
land
The fungal kingdom is classified into ______ number of phyla

4
The Fungi exist in two fundamental forms: the______ and single celled budding forms
filamentous
The plant body of fungi, except the unicellular forms, is commonly made of an interwoven mass
of very fine and delicate threads called______
hyphae
Slime molds belong to the division of protists called______

Myxomycota
The brown algae belong to the division_______

phaeophyta
Chlamydomonas is an example of a division of algal protist called_______

chlorophyta
Euglena belongs to the division of algal protist called______

Euglenophyta
The algal protists are divided into ______ number of groups

5
In paramecium, _______is used for defence

trichocyst
Extra water out of the cell of paramecium is carried out through the______
contractile vacuoleces
Paramecium is a ______ protozoan

ciliate
Trypanosoma gambiense is an example of the division of protozoan called_______

Zoomastigofora
Plasmodium is an example of the division of protozoan called_____

apicomplexa
The protozoans are classified into______ number of divisions

4
Protists are classified into ______number of groups
3
In eubacteria, the capsule is made up of complex______

sugar
Apart from plasmids, the rest of the cytoplasm of eubacteria is filled with____
ribosomes
The second kingdom in the six kingdom classification of living things is the kingdom
called_______
Eubacteria
Based on the type of cell wall structure bacteria can be classified into_____ positive and Gram
negative
Gram
A "strepto" bacteria means that the cells of that bacteria is arranged in______
chains
Bacterial cells have three main shapes. These are: cocci, bacillli and______
spirilli
The kingdom "Eubacteria" are known as th______ bacteria

true
Based on their habitat, a group of archaebacteria that are found in areas with very high salt
concentrations like sea is referred to as______
Halophiles
Archaebacteria are about 1/10th of a micrometer to about micrometer _____ in size

15
Archaebacteria are autotrophs and they use CO2 in atmosphere as a source of_____ for a process
called carbon fixation
carbon
The gymonosperms produces naked_____

seeds

Bio192 General Biology Practical Ii Summary 08024665051

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Bio192 General Biology Practical Ii Summary 08024665051

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

WINSMART ACADEMY

MOTTO: PERSONALISED TUTORING FOR LEADERS OF TOMORROW

BIO192 - GENERAL BIOLOGY PRACTICAL 11 SUMMARY

The word Archae simply means _______.

______ Kingdom contains organisms at the simplest level of organization.

The following are diagnostic features of Archaebacteria

Archaebacteria have no _______in their cell walls

Archaebacteria have no peptidoglycan in their cell walls

The cell wall is of Archaebacteria is made up of glycoproteins and ______

The archae are currently placed in _____phyla

The Classification of Archaebacteria

Spherical bacteria cells are called ______

Rod shaped bacteria cells are called______

The Archaebacteria DNA is a _______circular molecule.

Archaebacteriaare also known as ______

There are ______main criteria used to classify the Eubacteria

Bacterial cells have ______ main shapes

Bacterial cells have three main shapes:

Eubacteria have coating layer called a______.

The following are adaptive features of eubacteria

All bacteria are either Gram positive or negative.

_______ are the first group of eukaryotic organisms.

Protists may be unicellular, colonial or_______.

Protists may be unicellular,______ or multicellular.

There are _____ groups of Protists

The following are the groups of Protists

________ is a microscopic living organism which consists of a single cell.

Amoeba proteus is a microscopic living organism which consists of a _____cell.

Paramecium is a ______ protozoan.

Paramecium is often called _____

Euglena has a light-sensitive _____ or stigma near their anterior ends.

Phaeophyta organisms are commonly known as the ______.

Rhodophyta are called the______

Myxomycota are known as the______

The following are the groups of slime moulds

The diagnostic features of the Kingdom Fungi

There are ______ phyla in the kingdom fungi

The following are phyla in the kingdom fungi

Deuteromycota show the following diagnostic features

Zygomycota show the following diagnostic features

The following are features of Basidiomycota

The following are examples of fungi

The plant kingdom includes the Bryophytes, ______,Gymnosperms and Angiosperms.

The plant kingdom includes the______, Pteridophytes Gymnosperms and Angiosperms.

The diagnostic features of the Bryophytes are the following

The Division Bryophyta is divided into three classes, they are

Adaptive Features of the division Bryophyta

______refers to non-seed vascular plants

The following are diagnostic features of Pteridophytes

The following are the classes of Pteridophytes

The gymnosperms and the angiosperms are collectively called______

Angiosperms are also called the ______

There are two classes of angiosperms: _______ and______

The _____are also known as the Sponges

The Porifera are also known as the ______

The name ‘’Porifera’’ means _______

_______ are the simplest form of multi-cellular animals.

In poriferans, water enters through pores called _______

In poriferans, water flows through canals to a spacious chamber called _______

In poriferans, water exits through large openings called_______.

Sponges are made of ______simple and independent cells.

There are three classes of the poriferans. They are

Fasciola hepatica is called the ______

There are two classes of angiosperms: _ and

Most fungi reproduce both_ and__.