1.

Facebook (‡dmeyK)

Nowadays, facebook is one of the most popular social networking service. It contributes
(KbwUªweDU- Ae`vb ivL‡Q) much to maintain (‡gBb‡UBb- msiÿ‡b) social relationship among people all
around. Opening a facebook account one can easily keep in touch with his family and friends
that live far away. Facebook allows us to make numerous (wbBgvivm- AmsL¨) albums, upload
photos, online chat, write comments, share information, documents even video chat with friends.
At present, almost all kinds of news updates, information, new happenings (n¨v‡cwbsm- NUbv)
become instantly (BÝU¨v›Uwj- ZvrÿwbKfv‡e) available on facebook. But facebook has some
drawbacks (Wªe¨vKm&-GywU) also. Fake ID, fake news, vulgar (fvjMvi- AgvwR©Z) stuffs, obscene (Aewmb-
Akøxj) photos of facebook are demoralizing (wW‡gvivjvBwRs- nZvk Kiv) the society. The young
generation are greatly attracted (A¨vUªv‡±W- AvKwl©Z) and addicted (A¨vwW‡±W- Avm³) to using
Facebook and almost it has become an obsession (Ae‡mkb- †Nvi) for them. Hours after hours
school going, college going young people are passing (cvwms- cvi Kiv) their valuable time using
facebook. This social networking service must be handled strictly (w÷ª±wj- K‡Vvifv‡e) to save our
young generation from the clutch (K¬vP- †Quvej) of it.

evsjv Abyev` : AvRKvj, ‡dmeyK me©vwaK Rbwc«q GKwU mvgvwRK ‡bUIqvwK©s cwi‡lev| GwU Pvicv‡ki gvby‡li g‡a¨
mvgvwRK m¤úK© eRvq ivL‡Z c«Pyi Ae`vb iv‡L| ‡dmeyK A¨vKvD›U Lyj‡j ‡h ‡KD mn‡RB Zvi cwievi Ges eÜyevÜe‡`i
mv‡_ ‡hvMv‡hvM Ki‡Z cv‡i hviv Lye `~‡i _v‡Kb| ‡dmeyK Avgv‡`i AmsL¨ A¨vjevg ‰Zwi Ki‡Z, d‡Uv Avc‡jvW Ki‡Z,
AbjvBb P¨vU Ki‡Z, gšÍe¨ wjL‡Z, Z_¨ fvM Ki‡Z, WKy‡g›U¸wj GgbwK eÜy‡`i mv‡_ wfwWI P¨vU Kivi AbygwZ ‡`q|
eZ©gv‡b c«vq me ai‡Yi wbDR Avc‡WU, Z_¨ Ges bZyb NUbv ‡dmey‡K Zvr‣wYKfv‡e cvIqv hvq| Z‡e ‡dmey‡KiI wKQy ÎywU
i‡q‡Q| ‡dK AvBwW, fyqv Lei, Akvjxb wRwbm, ‡dmey‡Ki Akøxj Qwe mgvR‡K nZvk Ki‡Q| ZiæY c«Rb¥ ‡dmeyK e¨env‡ii
c«wZ c«Pyi AvK…ó I Avm³ Ges c«vq GwU Zv‡`i GK Av‡e‡k cwiYZ n‡q‡Q| N›Uvi ci N›Uv ¯‹yjMvgx, K‡jRMvgx ZiæY-
ZiyYxiv ‡dmeyK e¨envi K‡i Zv‡`i g~j¨evb mgq cvi Ki‡Qb| Avgv‡`i ZiyY c«Rb¥‡K Gi ‡Quvej ‡_‡K evuPv‡Z GB mvgvwRK
‡bUIqvwK©s cwi‡levwU K‡Vvifv‡e e¨ve¯’vcbv Ki‡Z n‡e|

2. Drug Addiction (gv`K Avmw³)

Drug addiction means uncontrolled (AvbK‡›UªvjW&- Awbqwš¿Z) attraction (A¨vUªvKkb- AvKl©Y) or addiction
to illegal (B‡jMvj- A‰ea) drugs such as heroins, cocain, morphin, pathedrin, phensidyl, opium,
marijuana, alcohol etc. There are many reasons for drug addiction such as frustration (d«vm‡Uªkb-
nZvkv) ,bad association (A¨v‡mvwm‡qkb-m½x), unemployment (AvbGgcøq‡g›U- †eKviZ¡) problem,
availability of intoxicants (BbUw•K¨v›U- gv`K`ªe¨), political cataclysm (K¨vUvwK¬Rg- wech©q), failure in
love, lack of family ties etc. Drug addiction destroy (‡W÷ªq- aŸsm Kiv) the addicts life completely
(KgwcøUwj- cy‡ivcywifv‡e). Because of being expensive (G•‡cbwmf-e¨vqeûj), the addicts can’t afford to
buy drugs. So, they commit various (‡fwiqvm- wewfbœ) kinds of social crimes (µvBg- Aciva) like
stealing (w÷wjs- Pzwi), hijacking (nvBR¨vwKs- nvBR¨vK Kiv ), killing, plundering (cøvbWvwis-jyUcvU), robbery
(ievwi- WvKvwZ) and all sorts of misdeeds (wgmwWW&m-AcKg©). Drug has a horrible (nwiej- fqvbK) effect
on human body. It damages (W¨v‡gR- ÿwZ K‡i) the brain, weaken the internal organs. Drug
addiction is causing a lot of harm not only to the addicts’ family but also the whole society and
the nation. The government should take immediate (BwgwW‡qU-Awej‡¤^) steps to protect (‡cªv‡U±- iÿv
Kiv) our youth from the clutch (K¬vP- †Qvuej) of drug addiction. Besides, non-government
organizations and others must creat public awareness (G¨vIqvi‡bm- m‡PZbZv) to remove this curse
(Kvm©- Awfkvc) from the society.

evsjv Abyev` : gv`‡Ki Avmw³ ej‡Z wn‡ivBb, ‡Kv‡Kb, giwdb, c¨v_wW«b, ‡dbwmwWj, Avwdg, MvuRv, A¨vj‡Kvnj BZ¨vw`i
g‡Zv A‰ea W«v‡Mi cªwZ Awbqwš¿Z AvKl©Y ev Avmw³| gv`K Avmw³i A‡bK KviY i‡q‡Q ‡hgb nZvkv, Lvivc m¤úK©,
‡eKviZ¡ mgm¨v, gv`‡Ki Dcw¯’wZ, ivR‰bwZK wech©q, ‡c«‡g e¨_©Zv, cvwievwiK m¤ú‡K©i Afve BZ¨vw`| gv`K Avm³‡`i
Rxeb‡K cy‡ivcywi aŸsm K‡i ‡`q| e¨qeûj nIqvi Kvi‡Y, Avm³iv gv`K wKb‡Z e¨q enb Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| myZivs, Zviv
Pywi, wQbZvB, nZ¨v, jyÉb, WvKvwZ Ges wewfbœ ai‡Yi AcK‡g©i g‡Zv wewfbœ ai‡Yi mvgvwRK Aciva K‡i| W«vM gvbe‡`‡n
GKwU fq¼i c«fve ‡d‡j| GwU gw¯Í‡®‹i ‣wZ K‡i, Af¨šÍixY A½¸wj‡K `ye©j K‡i| gv`Kvmw³ ‡Kej Avm³‡`i cwievi‡KB
bq cy‡iv mgvR Ges RvwZ‡KI A‡bK ‣wZ Ki‡Q| Avgv‡`i hyeK‡`i gv`‡Ki Avmw³ ‡_‡K i‣v Kivi Rb¨ miKv‡ii DwPZ
Awej‡¤^ c`‡‣c ‡bIqv| G Qvov GB AwfkvcwU mgvR ‡_‡K AcmviY Ki‡Z ‡emiKvix ms¯’v¸wj Ges Ab¨‡`i Aek¨B
Rbm‡PZbZv ‰Zwi Ki‡Z n‡e|

3. An Ideal Student (GKRb Av`k© QvÎ)

An ideal student is an asset for the nation. He will be the future ideal citizen (wmwU‡Rb&m- bvMwiK)
because of his quality. An ideal student always respects (kÖ×v Kiv) his teachers and is helpful and
friendly to his class-fellows. An ideal student always takes an active part in academic as well as
in extra-curricular (G·Uªv-KvwiKzjvi- cvV¨µg ewnf©~Z) activities of his college. He is hard-working.
He is both attentive (A¨v‡UbwUf- g‡bv‡hvMx) and punctual (cvOPzqvj- mgqvbyeZ©x) in his duties. He goes
to his school or college in time. He attends his class regularly and reads his lessons carefully. An
ideal student is disciplined and obedient (IwewW‡q›U- AbyMZ). He never memorize (‡g‡gvivBR- gyL¯’
Kiv) anything without understanding (AvÛvi÷vwÛs- †evSv) the meaning. An ideal student is ideal in
every field. He takes part in debates (wW‡eUm&- weZK©), speeches and various contests (Kb‡U÷m&-
weZK©). He always abides by the rules and regulations (‡i¸‡jkÝ- wbqgKvbyb) of his educational
institution. He avoids bad company. He is very humble, modest and polite. He always keeps
patience (‡c‡UÝ- ˆah©). He is lovable to everyone. Always we can hope for the best from an ideal
student.
evsjv Abyev` : GKRb Av`k© QvÎ RvwZi Rb¨ GKwU m¤ú`| wZwb n‡eb fwel¨‡Zi Av`k© bvMwiK Zvi ¸bvewii Kvi‡Y|
GKwU Av`k© QvÎ memgq Zvi wk‣K‡`i k«×v K‡ib Ges Zvui K¬vm-eÜz‡`i Kv‡Q mnvqK Ges eÜyZ¡c~Y©| GKRb Av`k© QvÎ
me©`v Zvi K‡j‡Ri wk‣vMZ I AwZwi³ cvV¨µwgK wµqvKjv‡c mwµq Ask M«nY K‡i| ‡m K‡Vvi cwik«gx| ‡m Zvui `vwq‡Z¡i
c«wZ g‡bv‡hvMx Ges mgqvbyeZ©x| ‡m mgqg‡Zv Zvi ¯‹yj ev K‡j‡R hvq| ‡m wbqwgZ Zvui K¬v‡m ‡hvM ‡`b Ges Zvui cvV¸wj
g‡bv‡hvM mnKv‡i c‡o| GKRb Av`k© wk‣v_©x myk…․Lj Ges eva¨ nq| A_© ‡ev‡S bv e‡j ‡m KLbB gyL¯’ K‡i bv| GKRb
Av`k© QvÎ c«wZwU ‡‣‡ÎB Av`k© Ges ‡m weZK©, e³…Zv Ges wewfbœ c«wZ‡hvwMZvq Ask ‡bq| ‡m me©`v Zvi wk‣vc«wZôv‡bi
wbqgKvbyb ‡g‡b P‡j| ‡m Lvivc m½ Gwo‡q P‡j| ‡m AZ¨šÍ webqx,f`ª I webqx| ‡m me©`v ‰ah© iv‡L| ‡m mevi Kv‡Q wcªq|
me©`v Avgiv GKRb Av`k© wk‣v_©xi KvQ ‡_‡K ‡mivwU Avkv Ki‡Z cvwi|

4. Mobile Phone (‡gvevBj †dvb)

Mobile phones, nowadays, have become a basic necessity (‡b‡QwmwU- cÖ‡qvRb) for everyone. A
mobile phone is a type of hand held phone. It is called ‘mobile phone’, because it can be carried
(K¨vwiW- enb Kiv) everwhere easily. It has immense (Bg‡gÝ- e¨vcK) impact on the lives of people.
There are so many advanatages (A¨vWfvb‡U‡Rm- myweavmg~n) of mobile phone. First of all, it is easily
portable (‡cv‡U©ej- enb‡hvM¨) and great for keeping in touch with family and friends. Besides, it
helps to know time, solve the works of calculation , playing games, using internet, reading news
and views etc. Though it has too many advantages, it has disadvantages (wWRA¨vWfvb‡U‡Rm-
Amyweavmg~n) also. Mobile phone has risk of data security. Besides, hijacking, robbery, and
planning of different kinds of anti- social activities often organize (AM©vbvBR-msMwVZ Kiv) using
mobile phone. The young generation are greatly attracted (A¨vUªv‡±W- AvKwl©Z) and addicted
(A¨vwW‡±W- Avm³) to using mobile phone and almost it has become an obsession (Ae‡mkb- †Nvi) for
them. So, Mobile phones should be used wisely (IqvBRwj-weÁfv‡e) avoiding it's disadvantages by
all classes of people.

evsjv Abyev` : ‡gvevBj ‡dvb, AvRKvj, mK‡ji Rb¨ GKwU c«v_wgK cª‡qvRb n‡q `vuwo‡q‡Q| ‡gvevBj ‡dvb n¨vÛ ‡nvì
‡dvb GK ai‡Yi| G‡K Ô‡gvevBj ‡dvbÕ ejv nq, KviY GwU ‡h ‡KvbI RvqMvq mn‡RB enb Kiv hvq| GwU gvby‡li Rxe‡b
e¨vcK c«fve ‡d‡j‡Q| ‡gvevBj ‡dv‡bi A‡bK¸wj myweav i‡q‡Q| c«_gZ, GwU mn‡RB enb‡hvM¨ Ges cwievi I eÜy‡`i
mv‡_ ‡hvMv‡hvM ivLvi Rb¨ GwU `y`©všÍ| GQvovI GwU mgq Rvb‡Z, MYbvi KvR¸wj mgvavb Ki‡Z, ‡Mgm ‡Lj‡Z, B›Uvi‡bU
e¨envi Kiv, wbDR Ges gZvgZ BZ¨vw`‡Z mnvqZv K‡i| hw`I Gi A‡bK myweav i‡q‡Q, Z‡e Gi Amyweav¸wjI i‡q‡Q|
‡gvevBj ‡dv‡b ‡WUv myi‣vi SyuwK i‡q‡Q| GQvovI nvBR¨vwKs, WvKvwZ Ges wewfbœ ai‡Yi AmvgvwRK Kvh©Kjv‡ci cwiKíbv
c«vqkB ‡gvevBj ‡dvb e¨envi K‡i msMwVZ K‡i| ZiæY c«Rb¥ ‡gvevBj ‡dvb e¨env‡i e¨vcKfv‡e AvK…ó Ges Avm³ Ges
c«vqkB GwU Zv‡`i Rb¨ GKwU Av‡ek n‡q D‡V‡Q| myZivs, eyw×gv‡bi mv‡_ ‡gvevBj ‡dv‡bi Amyweav Gwo‡q mg¯Í ‡k«Yxi
‡jv‡Ki GwU e¨envi Kiv DwPZ|

5. Internet (B›Uvi‡bU)

Internet is the backbone (e¨vK‡evb- †giy`Û) as well as the new sensation (‡mb‡mkb- ms‡e`b)
nowadays. It has fulfilled (dzjwdjW&- cwic~Y© Kiv) our lives. Nowadays , we use internet from
morning to night. The world seems like a global village. Internet has brought (eªU- wb‡q G‡m‡Q)
comfort in our life. Everything is instant (BÝU¨v›U- ZrÿYvr/ Zwor) now. All the newspapers,
magazines and journals of the world are available on Internet. The possibilities of Internet are
endless (G‡Û‡jm- Acwimxg). Currently (Kv‡i›Uwj- eZ©gv‡b), internet is the biggest sources of
information, knowledge (b‡jR- Ávb), and learning. Connectivity (Kv‡bw±wfwU- ms‡hvM),
communication, sharing, banking, billing, shopping, selling, donations and funding (dvwÛs- Znwej)
all the things are too much easier now. Internet has some drawbacks (ÎæwU) also. It is a time
waster and causes distraction (wW÷ªvKkb- wew”QbœZv), depression (welbœZv) and social isolation.
Moreover it is responsible for hacking. One should use it as per their need. If we use internet
more than our need it, it would take away our creativity (wµ‡qwUwfwU- m„RbkxjZv) and time.
evsjv Abyev` :

AvRKvj B›Uvi‡bU nj ‡giæ`Û cvkvcvwk bZyb ms‡e`b| GwU Avgv‡`i Rxeb†K cwic~b© K‡i‡Q| AvRKvj Avgiv mKvj ‡_‡K
ivZ Aewa B›Uvi‡bU e¨envi Kwi| wek¦‡K GKwU wek¦e¨vcx M«vg e‡j g‡b nq| B›Uvi‡bU Avgv‡`i Rxe‡b kvwšÍ wb‡q G‡m‡Q|
mewKQy GLb Zvr‣wYK| we‡k¦i mg¯Í msev`cÎ, g¨vMvwRb Ges Rvb©vj B›Uvi‡b‡U Dcjä| B›Uvi‡b‡Ui m¤¢vebv Acwimxg |
eZ©gv‡b B›Uvi‡bU n'j Z_¨, Ávb Ges ‡kLvi e…nËg Drm| Kv‡bw±wfwU, ‡hvMv‡hvM, ‡kqvwis, e¨vswKs, wewjs, ‡KbvKvUv,
weµq, Aby`vb Ges A_© mieivn mg¯Í wKQy GLb Lye mnR| B›Uvi‡b‡UiI wKQy ÎywU i‡q‡Q| GwU GKwU mgq AcPqKvix Ges
weåvwšÍ, nZvkv Ges mvgvwRK wew”QbœZv m…wó K‡i| ZvQvov GwU n¨vwKs‡qi Rb¨ `vqx| Avgv‡`i c«‡qvvRb Abyhvqx GwU e¨envi
Kiv DwPZ| Avgiv hw` Avgv‡`i c«‡qvR‡bi Zyjbvq †ewk B›Uvi‡bU e¨envi Kwi Z‡e GwU Avgv‡`i m…RbkxjZv Ges mgq
‡K‡o ‡b‡e|

6. Deforestation (e„ÿwbab)

Deforestation is cutting down of trees in a large number. Trees have invaluable (Bbf¨vjy‡qej-
Ag~j¨) importance to our environment (GbfvBib‡g›U- cwi‡ek) and to human well being. They give us
fresh air to breathe, shade and food to humans, animals and plants. They provide habitats
(n¨vweU¨vUm&- evm¯’vb) for numerous (wbDgvivm- AmsL¨) species (‡¯úwQm- cÖRvwZi) of birds, firewood for
cooking, materials (g¨v‡Uwiqvj- Dcv`vb) for buildings. Deforestation is a threat to our environment.
It is causing ecological imbalance (B‡Kv‡jvwRKvj Bge¨vjvÝ- ev¯`Zvwš¿K Afvimvg¨) and creating (wµ‡qwUs-
m„w÷ Kiv) problems like global warming, soil erosion (B‡ivkb- ÿq), fewer crops, flooding, water
cycle disruption (wWRivckb- fv½b), greenhouse gas emissions (Bwgkb- wbM©Z), changes in the climatic
(K¬vBg¨vwUK- AvenvIqvi) conditions, and loss of biodiversity (ev‡qvWvBfvwm©wU- Rxe‰ewPG). The main
purpose (cvi‡cvR- D‡Ïk¨) of deforestation is to increase the land area. Also, this land area is to set
up new industries. Trees are so important for our existence (Gw•‡÷Ý- Aw¯ÍZ¡). They need our
unconditional (AvbKwÛkbvj- wbtkZ©) care and protection †cÖv‡UKkb- myiÿv). We should replant more
and more trees. To stop deforestation government should ban on cutting down trees unnessarily
(Avb‡b‡mmvwiwj- wbwe©Pv‡i).

evsjv Abyev` :
e„ÿwbab n‡jv c«Pyi cwigv‡Y MvQ KvUv| MvQcvjv Avgv‡`i cwi‡ek I gvbemgv‡Ri c‡‣ Ag~j¨ ¸iæZ¡ enb K‡i| Zviv k¦v‡mi
Rb¨ ZvRv evZvm ‡`q, Qvqv Ges Lvev‡ii ‡`q gvbyl, c«vYx Ges Dw™¢‡`i Rb¨ | Zviv AmsL¨ c«RvwZi cvwLi evm¯’vb, ivbœvi
Rb¨ Kv‡Vi KvV, wewìs‡qi DcKiY mieivn K‡i| eb DRvo Kiv Avgv‡`i cwi‡e‡ki Rb¨ ûgwK¯^iƒc| GwU cwi‡ekMZ
fvimvg¨nxbZv m…wó Ki‡Q Ges ‰ewk¦K Dòvqb, gvwU ¶q, Kg dmj, eb¨v, RjP‡µi e¨Z¨q, wM«bnvDm M¨vm wbtmiY, Rjevqy
Ae¯’vi cwieZ©b Ges Rxe‰ewPZª¨ n«v‡mi g‡Zv mgm¨v ‰Zwi Ki‡Q| eb DRv‡oi g~j D‡Ïk¨ nj Rwgi ‡‣Îdj e…w× Kiv|
GQvovI, GB bZyb RwgwU wkí ¯’vc‡bi Rb¨| MvQ Avgv‡`i Aw¯Í‡Z¡i Rb¨ GZ ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| Zv‡`i Avgv‡`i wbtkZ© hZœ Ges
myi¶v c«‡qvRb| Avgv‡`i AviI ‡ewk K‡i MvQ cybivq ‡ivcb Kiv DwPZ| eb DRvo e‡Ü miKv‡ii DwPZ wbwe©Pv‡i MvQ KvUv
wbwl× Kiv|

7. Rural Life and City Life (MÖvg¨ Rxeb Ges kû‡i Rxeb)

Rural life means the life of village areas where there are natural plants and open spaces. There is
a low density (‡WbwmwU- NbZ¡) of population (ccy‡jkb- RbmsL¨v) in such area. The primary source of
income of is agriculture, cottage industry (K‡UR BÛvw÷ª- KzwUi wkí) and animal husbandry (A¨vwbg¨vj
nvR‡eÛvwi- cïcvjb) . In the rural areas , most of the people are engaged in agriculture and related
activities. On the other hand, urban people are engaged in trade, commerce or services. There are
better employment opportunities (Ggcøq‡g›U AciPzwbwUm- PvKwii myweav) in city life. There are many
advantages (A¨vWfvb‡U‡Rm- myweavmg~n) of life in urban areas like easy access to various amenities
(A¨v‡gwbwUm- my‡hvM myweav ), better transportation facilities (Uªv݇cv‡U©kb d¨vwmwjwUm- cwienb myweav), health,
entertainment (G›Uvi‡UBb‡g›U- we‡bv`b) and education options,. Although it has certain drawbacks
(Wªe¨vKm&- NvUwZ) like pollution, pressure, stress and anxiety. People in city life are always busy with
their career and professional life. They pass sleepless (w¯øc‡jm- wbN©yg) nights also. But, village life
is less problematic (cÖ‡eøg¨vwUK- mgm¨vhy³) and more peaceful (wcmdzj- kvwšÍc~b©) . Yet, people don’t
want to live in rural areas because the standard of living in urban areas is higher in comparison
(Kgc¨vwiRb- Zzjbv) to the rural areas.

evsjv Abyev` : M«vgxY Rxeb ej‡Z M«vgvÂj ev M«vg¸wji c«vK…wZK MvQcvjv Ges ‡Lvjv RvqMv¸wji Rxeb ‡evSvq| GB
ai‡bi GjvKvq RbmsL¨vi NbZ¦ Kg i‡q‡Q| GLvbKvi Av‡qi c«v_wgK Drm n'j K…wl, KywUi wkí Ges cïcvjb| M«vgv‡j,
‡ewkifvM ‡jvK K…wl‡‣Î I GB m¤úwK©Z Kv‡R wbhy³ _v‡K| Ab¨w`‡K, kû‡i gvbyl evem¨v, evwYR¨ ev cwi‡lev¸wj‡Z wbhy³
Av‡Qb| kni Rxe‡b AviI DbœZ Kg©ms¯’v‡bi my‡hvM i‡q‡Q| kû‡i A‡j Rxe‡bi A‡bK myweav i‡q‡Q ‡hgb wewfbœ my‡hvM-
myweavq mn‡R A¨v‡•m, DbœZ cwien‡bi my‡hvM-myweav, ¯^v¯’¨, we‡bv`b I wk¶vi weKí BZ¨vw`| hw`I G‡Z `~lY, Pvc, `ywðšÍv
Ges D‡Ø‡Mi g‡Zv wKQy wbw`©ó NvUwZ i‡q‡Q| bMi Rxe‡bi ‡jv‡Kiv me©`v Zv‡`i ‡ckv Ges ‡ckv`vi Rxeb wb‡q e¨¯Í _v‡K|
Zviv wb`«vnxb ivZI cvi K‡i| Z‡e, M«vgRxeb Kg mgm¨vhy³ Ges ‡ewk kvwšÍc~Y©| ZeyI, ‡jv‡Kiv M«vgv‡j evm Ki‡Z Pvq bv
KviY M«vgv‡ji Zyjbvq kû‡i A‡j RxebhvÎvi gvb ‡ewk|

8. Coronavirus (K‡ivbv fvBivm)

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious (Bm‡dKwkqvm-msµvgK) disease caused by a newly

discovered (wWmKfvW©- Avwe¯‹…Z) coronavirus. It was first detected (wW‡U‡±W) in December 2019 in
Wuhan, a city in China’s Hubei province (cªwfÝ- cÖ‡`k) with a population of 11 million, after an
outbreak (AvDU‡eªK- cÖv`yf©ve) of pneumonia (wbD‡gvwbqv- wbD‡gvwbqv) without an obvious cause. The
virus has now spread to over 150 countries across the globe, and was characterised as a
pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on 11 March 2020.. The common
symptoms (wm¤úUgm- jÿYmg~n) of this disease are fever, dry cough, sore throat, nasal congestion,
malaise, headache and myalgia or even struggling (÷vMwjs- jovB) for breath. In severe cases, the
coronavirus can cause pneumonia, kidney failure and death. The COVID-19 virus spreads
primarily through droplets of saliva or discharge from the nose when an infected person coughs
or sneezes. Protect yourself and others from infection by washing your hands or using an alcohol
based rub frequently (wd«Kz‡q›Uwj- Nb Nb) and not touching your face. At this time, there are no
specific (‡¯úwmwdK- wbw`©ó) vaccines or treatments for COVID-19. However, there are many
ongoing clinical trials evaluating potential treatments.

evsjv Abyev` : K‡ivbvfvBivm ‡ivM (‡KvwfW-19) GKwU msµvgK ‡ivM hv m`¨ Avwe®‹…Z K‡ivbv fvBivm Øviv m…ó| ‡KvbI
¯úó KviY QvovB wbD‡gvwbqvi c«v`yf©v‡ei c‡i GwU 11 wgwjqb RbmsL¨vi Px‡bi û‡eB c«‡`‡ki Dnvb kn‡i wW‡m¤^i 2019
mv‡j c«_g mbv³ Kiv n‡qwQj| GB fvBivmwU GLb wek¦Ry‡o ‡`o kZvwaK ‡`‡k Qwo‡q c‡o Ges wek¦ ¯^v¯’¨ ms¯’vi Øviv 11 B
gvP© 2020-G gnvgvix wnmv‡e wPwýZ nq| GB ‡iv‡Mi mvaviY j‣Y¸wj nj R¡i, ïK‡bv Kvwk, Mjv e¨_v, AbybvwmK wfo ,
Aw¯’iZv, gv_ve¨_v Ges Amy¯’Zv GgbwK k¦v‡mi Rb¨ jovB| ¸iæZi ‡‣‡Î K‡ivbvfvBivm wbD‡gvwbqv, wKWwb‡Z e¨_©Zv Ges
g…Z¨yi KviY n‡Z cv‡i| ‡KvwfW -11 fvBivm c«v_wgKfv‡e msµvwgZ e¨w³i jvjv †_‡K ev bvK ‡_‡K m«v‡ei gva¨‡g Qovq
hLb †m Kvwk ev nvuwP †`q | msµgY ‡_‡K wb‡R‡K Ges Ab¨‡`i i‣v Kivi Rb¨ nvZ ‡avqv ev A¨vj‡Kvnj w`‡q Nb Nb Nlv
Ges gyL ¯úk© bv K‡i | GB gyû‡Z©, ‡KvwfW -19 Gi Rb¨ ‡KvbI wbw`©ó wUKv ev wPwKrmv ‡bB| Z‡e, m¤¢ve¨ wPwKrmvi g~j¨vqb
Kivi Rb¨ A‡bK¸wj wK¬wbKvj U«vqvj Pjgvb i‡q‡Q|
 9. Dengue Fever (‡W½y R¡i)

Dengu fever is a mosquito-borne (gmKzB‡Uv eb©- gkvevwnZ) tropical ( UªwcKvj- MÖx®§cÖavb) viral disease
caused by dengue Viruses. Dengue fever is transmitted by the bite of an Aedes mosquito infected
with a dengue virus. It can’t be spread directly from one person to another person. Primarily
there are some symptoms (wm¤úUg- jÿb) which usually begin four to six days infection and last
for upto ten days. Such as sudden high fever, severe (wmwfqvi- Zxeª) headaches, pain behind the
eyes, severe joint and muscle pain, fatigue (d¨vwUM-K¬vwšÍ), nausea (bwRqv- ewg ewg fve), vomiting (ewg),
skin rash etc. There is no specific medicine to treat dengue infection (Bb‡dKkb- msµgY) . It is
very important to destroy Aedes mosquitoes to reduce (wiwWDm- n«vm Kiv) the number of infection.
If you think you may have dengue, you should take rest, drink plenty of fluids and go to the
doctor. If you start to feel worse in the first 24 hours after your fever goes down, you should
admit into a hospital immediately to be checked for complications.

evsjv Abyev` : ‡W½y R¡i GKwU gkvevwnZ M«x®§Kvjxb fvBivmNwUZ ‡ivM hv ‡W½y fvBivm Øviv m…ó | ‡W½y R¡i GwWm gkvi
Kvgo Øviv msµvwgZ nq| GwU mivmwi GKRb e¨w³ ‡_‡K Ab¨ e¨w³‡Z Qovq bv| c«v_wgKfv‡e wKQy j‣Y i†q‡Q hv
mvaviYZ Pvi ‡_‡K Qq w`‡bi g‡a¨ msµgY ïiy nq Ges `k w`b ch©š— ¯’vqx nq| ‡hgb nVvr D”P R¡i, ¸iæZi gv_ve¨_v,
‡Pv‡Li wcQ‡b e¨_v, Zxe« R‡q›U Ges ‡ckx e¨_v, K¬vwšÍ, ewg ewg fve, ewg, Z¡‡Ki dymKwo BZ¨vw`| ‡W½y msµg‡Yi wPwKr&mvi
Rb¨ wbw`©ó ‡KvbI Ilya ‡bB| msµg‡Yi msL¨v n«vm Ki‡Z GwWm gkv aŸsm Kiv Lye Riæwi| hw` Avcwb g‡b K‡ib Avcbvi
‡W½y n‡Z cv‡i Z‡e Avcbvi wek«vg ‡bIqv DwPZ, c«Pyi cwigv‡Y Zij cvb Kiv Ges Wv³v‡ii Kv‡Q hvIqv DwPZ| Avcbvi R¡i
K‡g hvIqvi c«_g 24 N›Uvi g‡a¨ hw` Avcwb Lvivc jvM‡Z ïiæ K‡ib Z‡e Avcbvi wPwKr&mvi Rb¨ Awej‡¤^ GKwU nvmcvZv‡j
fwZ© Kiv DwPZ|
 10. Dhaka Metro Rail
Dhaka Metro Rail is a rapid transit system in Dhaka, Bangladesh. The project was first proposed
in 2010. It is the first rapid transit system in Bangladesh. It connects the city's major business and
residential areas, and is expected to reduce traffic congestion and pollution. It is estimated that
the project has cost around $6.1 billion and has been financed by the government, the Asian
Development Bank, the World Bank, and other international donors. The Metro Rail is designed
to accommodate up to 60,000 passengers per hour per direction. The metro rail is being built
because Dhaka has a lot of people, and the roads are always busy with cars and buses. The metro
rail will have many stations in important places in the city. It will help people reach their
destinations faster and without getting stuck in traffic. This project is essential for the city
because it will make transportation faster, improve air quality, reduce traffic problems, minimize
noise pollution and make life easier for the people in Dhaka. It is also expected to provide
improved access to public transportation for citizens of Dhaka, and to provide a much needed
boost to the city's economy. The Dhaka Metro Rail is an important step in improving the quality
of life in Dhaka and will be a major contributor to the city's development.

evsjv Abyev` : ।
2010 । ।

$6.1 , , ।
60,000 ।
, ।
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 11. The Padma Multipurpose Bridge (c`¥v eûgyLx †mZz)

The Padma Multipurpose Bridge is a multipurpose road-rail bridge across the Padma River, the
main distributary of Ganges, constructed in Bangladesh with its own resources. It will connect
Louhajong, Munshiganj to Shariatpur and Madaripur, linking the south-west of the country, to
northern and eastern regions. Padma Multipurpose Bridge is the most challenging construction
project in the history of Bangladesh. The two-level steel truss bridge will carry a four-lane
highway on the upper level and a single track railway on a lower level. The main construction of
the Padma Multipurpose Bridge had begun in 2015 when PM Sheikh Hasina inaugurated the
works of the main bridge and river training. The bridge with 41 spans, 18.18m width and 6.15
km total length, is the longest bridge in Bangladesh. The project is of great strategic importance,
as it will facilitate smoother movement of goods and people between different parts of
Bangladesh. Padma Multipurpose Bridge is going to boost the GDP of Bangladesh by as much as
1.2 percent. The bridge was officially inaugurated by the prime minister of Bangladesh, Sheikh
Hasina in a historic moment on 25 June 2022. After overcoming numerous setbacks and defying
all odds, the Padma Multipurpose Bridge- a dream project for the people of Bangladesh- is a
reality now.

evsjv Abyev` : - ,

। , , -

, ।

। -

। ২০১৫

। 41 , 18.18 6.15

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। ১ ২

। 25 2022

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- ।