INDEX

SR.NO CONTENT PAGE NO

1. Brief Description 1

2. Aim of the Micro-Project 1

3. Course Outcomes Integrated 1

4. Actual Procedure Followed 2

5. Actual Resources Used 2

6. Skill Developed/learning out of this Micro- 2

Project

7. Implementation and Result 2-5

8. Conclusion 6
9. Soft Copy of Micro Project 7
10. Micro-Project Evaluation Sheet /Annexure IV 8-12
 Peer to Peer Network Connection

Introduction:-
Stands for "Peer to Peer." In a P2P network, the "peers" are computer systems which
are connected to each other via the Internet. Files can be shared directly between
systems on the network without the need of a central server. In other words, each
computer on a P2P network becomes a file server as well as client.
The only requirements for a computer to join a peer-to-peer network are an Internet
connection and P2P software. Common P2P software programs include Kazaa,
Limewire, BearShare, Morpheus, and Acquisition. These programs connect to a P2P
network, such as "Gnutella," which allows the computer to access thousands of other
systems on the network.
Once connected to the network, P2P software allows you to search for files on other
people's computers. Meanwhile, other users on the network can search for files on your
computer, but typically only within a single folder that you have designated to share.
While P2P networking makes file sharing easy and convenient, is also has led to a lot of
software piracy and illegal music downloads. Therefore, it is best to be on the safe side
and only download software and music from legitimate websites.

Aims and Benefits:-

• Easy file sharing: An advanced P2P network can share files quickly over large
distances. Files can be accessed anytime.
• Reduced costs: There is no need to invest in a separate computer for a server when
setting up a P2P network. It doesn’t require a network operating system or a full-time
system administrator.
• Adaptability: P2P network extends to include new clients easily. This benefit makes
these networks more flexible than client-server networks. Its scalability
• Reliability: Unlike a client-server network, which can fail if the central server
malfunctions, a P2P network will remain functional even if the central server crashes. If
a single computer goes down, the others continue as normal. This also prevents
bottlenecking since traffic is distributed across multiple computers.
• High performance: While a client-server network performs less effectively when
more clients join the network, a P2P network can improve its performance when more
clients join it. This is because each client in a P2P network is also a server that
contributes resources to the network.
• Efficiency: Emerging P2P networks enable collaboration between devices that have
different resources that can benefit the whole network.
 Course Outcomes Integrated :-
Unlike client-server networks, P2P uses resources and also provides them.
This results in additional resources if the number of nodes increases.It requires
specialized software. It allows resource sharing among the network. Since the
nodes act as servers also, there is a constant threat of attack.

Actual Procedure Followed :-

1. Allows you to connect two or more computers to one system.
2. This connection allows you to easily share data without having to use a
separate server for your file-sharing.

What is c Computer Network?

A computer network consists of 2 or additional computing devices that are

connected so as to share the elements of your network (its resources) and also
the data you store there, the foremost basic network (whichconsists of just two
connected computers) will expand and become additionalusable when extra
computers be part of and add their resources to those being shared. The first pc,
yours, is usually spoken as your native pc. It is additional seemingly tobe used as
a location wherever you are doing work, a digital computer, than as a storage or
dominant location, a server. As additional and additional computers ar connected
to a network and share their resources, the network becomes a additional
powerful tool, as a result of staff employing a network withadditional data and
additional capability ar able to accomplish more through those another
computers or extra resources.The real power of networking computers
becomes apparent if you envisionyour own network growing then connecting
itwith alternative distinctnetworks, sanctioning communication and resource
sharingacross each networks.That is, one network will be connected to a different
networkand becomea additional powerful tool attributable to the bigger resources
Peer to Peer Network:

A peer is considered an equal. All computers on a peer-to-peer network can be

considered equals, That is to say,no one computer is in chargeof the network’s
operation. Each computer controls its own information and is capable of
functioning as either a client or a server depending on which is needed at the
time.Peer-to-peer networks are popular as home networks and for use in small
companies because they are inexpensive and easy to install. Most operating systems
(the software that runs the basic computer functionality) come with peer-to-peer
networking capability built in. The only other cost involved with setting up a
peer-to-peer network comes into play if a computer does not have a network
interface card, or NIC (the device that physically connects your computer to your
network’scabling), already installed.
Client – Based Network:

Client-based networks are a further refinement to the concept of a server

Based network that relieves the heavy burden on the network’s capacity
Resulting from frequent server-performed transactions. A client-based
Network takesbetter advantage of the server’s powerful processors and of
The increasingly powerful computers used in typical workstations. A
Client based network utilizes a client workstation’s power in processing
Some functions locally while requesting additional processing from a
Server whenever it is needed for increased speed.

Client-based network servers process requests from clients and return just the
results, rather than sending the original resource to the client to be processed and
returned after computations are complete. Client-based networks, therefore, take
advantage of the powerful processing capabilities of both the client and the
server, This type of arrangement may include application servers (where entire
computer programs are shared from the server) and communications servers.
Topology used for peer to peer network connection:

Mesh topology:

A network setup wherever every laptop and network device is interconnected

witheach other, permitting most transmissions to be distributed even though one
in every of the connections go down. it's a topology usually used for wireless
networks. Below could be a visual example of an easy laptop setup on a network
employing a topology.

Advantages of Topology:

• Manages high amounts of traffic, as a result of multiple devices will transmit

knowledge at the same time.

• A failure of 1 device doesn't cause an occasion within the network or

transmission of knowledge.

• Adding further devices doesn't disrupt knowledge transmission between

alternative devices.

Disadvantages of Network Topology:

▪ The price to implement is beyond alternative network topologies, creating it

a less fascinating choice.

▪ Building and maintaining the topology is troublesome and time

overwhelming.

▪ The likelihood of redundant connections is high, that adds to the high prices
and potential for reduced potency.
 Advantages :

The main advantage of a peer-to-peer network is that it’s easier to line up and
use than a network with a fervent server. Peer-to-peer networks have faith in the
restricted network server options that square measure designed into Windows,
likethe flexibility to share files and printers. Recent versions of Windows, as
well as Windows seven, Vista, and Windows XP, embrace wizards that
mechanically assemble a basic network for you so you don’t have to be
compelled to manually assemble any network settings. Another advantage of
peer-to-peer networks is that they'll be more cost-effective than server-based
networks. Here square measure a number of the explanations that peer-to-peer
networks square measure inexpensive:

• Peer-to-peer networks don’t need you to use a fervent server pc. Any pc on the
network will perform as each a network server and a user’s digital computer.
(However, you'll assemble a pc as a fervent server if you would like to. Doing
therefore leads to higher performance however negates the price good thing
aboutnot having a fervent server pc.)

• Peer-to-peer networks square measure easier to line up and use, which implies
that you just will pay less time determining a way to build the network work and
keep it operating.

You should contemplate the price of the server software itself. Windows Server
will value the maximum amount as $200 per user. and therefore the total value
willincrease as your network grows, though the price per user drops. For a peer-
to-peerWindows server, you get Windows once. You don’t pay any further
charges supported the amount of users on your network.
 • DrawBacks:

Yes, peer-to-peer networks square measure easier to put in and manage than
domain-based networks, however they are doing have their drawbacks:
Becausepeer-to-peer networks square measure supported computers running
shopper versions of Windows, they’re subject to the inherent limitations of
these Windowsversions. shopper versions of Windows square measure
designed primarily to be associate degree package for a single-user
microcomputer instead of to operate as a part of a network. These versions
can’t manage a file or printer server as with efficiency as a true network
package. If you don’t came upon a fanatical networkserver, somebody
(hopefully, not you) could have to be compelled to abide the inconvenience
of sharing his or her laptop with the network. With Windows Server, the
server computers square measure dedicated to network use in order that
nobody has got to place up with this inconvenience. Although a peer-to-peer
network could have a lower value per laptop for smaller networks, the price
distinction between peer-to-peer networks and Windows Server is a smaller
amount vital in larger networks (say, 10 or a lot of clients).

• Conclusion:-

Peer-to-peer networks can be implemented with very little investment costs, but
in order for the network to work properly, the users must be very experienced
withcomputers, and strict guidelines must be implemented and followed in
order for thedata to remain secure and archived properly. In my experience,
peer-to-peernetworks tend to become more of a headache instead of a help after
about 6 computers, especially if your company has a moderate employee
turnover. •A Peer-to-Peer network is ideal for home use or small.