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diseases
S.Ravikanth
Senior Assistant Professor
Department of ECE
CVR College of Engineering
Email;s.ravikanth@cvr.ac.in
(√ )
A Vision Transformer (ViT) is a type of neural network Q KT
architecture that applies the transformer model, originally
designed for natural language processing, to image data. d model
The ViT model can be represented mathematically as Attention (Q, K, V) = SoftMax V,
h
follows:
1. Input representation: FFN ( x ¿ = ReLU ( x W ff ,1 +b ff ,1 ) W ff ,2+b ff ,2 ,
Let X be the input image, which is divided into non- Where W Qi , W Ki, W Vi , W o, W ff ,1, W ff ,2, b ff ,1 and
overlapping patches x i. Each patch is then linearly b ff ,2 are learnable parameters.
' d
embedded into a vector x i ∈ R using a learnable linear 6. Output Projection:
projection.
Linearly project the transformer output into the final
X ={x 1 , x 2 , … , x N } output space:
'
x i=W 0 x i+ b0 , Y = W y z N +b y,
2 i=1
Subject to 0
≤ αi ≤ C
and ∑ αi y j=0.
i=1
CONCLUSION
In this study, we presented a comprehensive
exploration into the development and evaluation of a
machine learning model designed for the detection of
Figure 2 brain-related diseases. Leveraging advanced
Here in figure 2, we have actual UPDRS in the x-axis and techniques in feature extraction, model training, and
predicted UPDRS in the y-axis. There is a positive validation, our proposed model has demonstrated
correlation between the predicted and actual total UPDRS promising results in accurately classifying and
values. This means that as the predicted values increase, the diagnosing such diseases. However there is a scope of
actual values also tend to increase. improvement as these models have a large scope of
scalability and need for extensive research and
C. Epilepsy Seizures: development.
Here, we got a confusion matrix from the above given
data from the obtained graph. REFERENCES
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Figure 3 10.1109/EMBC46164.2021.9630321.
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Here, there are parameters calculated such as True Intelligence and Telecommunication Engineering (RMKMATE),
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Here we get a matrix of 5 rows and 180 columns from the [7] A. R. Zouaoui, H. Bentahar, M. Djeriuoi, Z. Mokadem and H. E.
extensive dataset which is reduced using the SVR method, Bentahar, "Machine Learning and Deep Learning Techniques for
and we get the confusion matrix as follows: Alzheimer's Disease Prediction Using CSF and Plasma Biomarkers,"
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Here, we got True Positives as 83, True Negatives as 10, Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) from Fundus Images," 2023 Third
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(ICAIS), Coimbatore, India, 2023, pp. 1639-1643, doi:
After substituting all the values, we get the accuracy of the 10.1109/ICAIS56108.2023.10073930.
system using the formula: