ÔN KIỂM TRA 15 PHÚT (dự kiến)

Phương trình ankan:

CH4 + Cl2 ⎯ánh
⎯sáng
⎯⎯→ CH3Cl + HCl
Metan Clo Clometan, Metyl clorua Hidro clorua
CH3Cl + Cl2 ⎯ánh
⎯sáng⎯
⎯→ CH2Cl2 + HCl
Điclometan, Metylen clorua
CH2Cl2 + Cl2 ⎯⎯⎯ ⎯→ CHCl3
ánh sáng
+ HCl
Triclometan, Clorofom
CHCl3 + Cl2 ⎯ánh ⎯sáng
⎯ ⎯→ CCl4 + HCl
Cacbon tetra clorua.
CH4 + 2Cl2 ⎯⎯⎯→
ánh sáng
(1:2)
CH 2 Cl 2 + 2HCl
CH4 + 3Cl2 ⎯⎯⎯→
ánh sáng
(1:3)
CHCl3 +3HCl
…

CH3-CH3 + Cl2 ⎯ánh

⎯sáng
⎯
⎯→ CH3 – CH2 – Cl + HCl

o o
CH4 + 2O2 ⎯⎯
t
→ CO2 + 2H2O C2H6 + 7/2O2 ⎯⎯
t
→ 2 CO2 + 3H2O
o o
C3H8 + 5O2 ⎯⎯
t
→ 3 CO2 + 4H2O C4H10 + 13/2O2 ⎯⎯
t
→ 4 CO2 + 5 H2O
o
CH4 + O2 ⎯⎯⎯
xt,t
→ HCHO + H2O
o
CH4 ⎯⎯⎯
xt,t
→ C + 2 H2
o
RCOONa + NaOH ⎯⎯⎯
CaO,t
→ R – H + Na2CO3
Giaùo vieân: Nguyeãn Loäc 1
 o
Vd: CH3COONa + NaOH ⎯⎯⎯
CaO,t
→ CH4 + Na2CO3
o
CH3CH2COONa + NaOH ⎯⎯⎯
CaO,t
→ C2H6 + Na2CO3
o
C3H8 ⎯⎯⎯
xt,t
→ C3H6 (CH3-CH=CH2) + H2
o
C3H8 ⎯⎯⎯
xt,t
→ CH2=CH2 + CH4
o
C4H10 ⎯⎯⎯
xt,t
→ CH4 + CH3-CH=CH2 (phản ứng crackinh hay phản ứng gãy mạch cacbon)
o
C4H10 ⎯⎯⎯
xt,t
→ CH2=CH2 + CH3-CH3

ÔN KT15 PHÚT ANKAN

Câu 1: Viết CTCT và gọi lại tên cho đúng: ĐỀ 1
a) 1,3-đietylbutan b) 2,4-đimetyl-3-brom-4-etylbutan c/ 3-metylbutan
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Câu 2: Viết đồng phân của ankan có CTPT là C5H12, C4H10
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Câu 3: Hoàn thành các phương trình phản ứng:
a/ mono clo hóa etan, propan. b/ tách H2 n-butan
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c/ Đốt cháy propan e/ Crackinh n-butan
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Câu 4: Cho 6,96g ankan A phản ứng với clo (tỉ lệ mol 1:1) (điều kiện ánh sáng) tạo ra 11,1 gam dẫn xuất monoclo.
a/ Xác định công thức phân tử, CTCT có thể có của A. (Đs: C4H10)
b/ Xác định CTCT đúng của A biết A có cacbon bậc III
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Câu 5: Đốt cháy hoàn toàn 0,94g hỗn hợp 2 ankan kế tiếp nhau trong dãy đồng đẳng thu được 1,344 lít khí CO2 (đkc)
a/ Xác định CTPT của 2 ankan. b/ Tính khối lượng mỗi ankan trong hỗn hợp.
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Giaùo vieân: Nguyeãn Loäc 2
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Câu 1: Viết CTCT và gọi lại tên cho đúng: ĐỀ 2

a/ 4,4– diclo-1,2-đimetylpentan b/ 2–brom-3-metyl–3–etylbutan c/ 3-metyl-3-clo-butan
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Câu 2: Viết CTCT của các đồng phân ankan
a/ C5H12 mạch phân nhánh b/ C4H10
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Câu 3: Hoàn thành phương trình phản ứng sau:
a/ Đốt cháy butan, etan b/ Crackinh propan
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a/ isobutan, butan thế 1 clo b/ đề hidro hóa propan
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Câu 4:Cho 14,5 gam ankan A phản ứng với clo trong điều kiện ánh sáng thu được 23,125 gam dẫn xuất một lần thế B.
Tìm công thức phân tử, CTCT A. (Đs : C4H10)
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Giaùo vieân: Nguyeãn Loäc 3
Câu 5: Đốt cháy hoàn toàn 5,76g hỗn hợp 2 ankan kế tiếp nhau trong dãy đồng đẳng thu được 9,72g H2O
a/ Xác định CTPT của 2 ankan. b/ Tính khối lượng mỗi ankan trong hỗn hợp. (đs: Đs: C2H6: 0,06 và C3H8: 0,09)
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Câu 1: Viết CTCT và gọi lại tên cho đúng: ĐỀ 3

a/ 2,3-đimetyl-2-etylpropan b/ 4-etyl- 3,4-đimetyl-3-brom-2-clopentan c/ 2-etyl-4-metyl-3-clopentan
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Câu 2: Viết công thức các đồng phân:
C4H10 và C5H12 (có cacbon bậc 4)
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Câu 3: Hoàn thành phương trình phản ứng

a/ mono clo hóa 2,2-dimetylpropan b/ đề hidro hóa n-butan
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c/ Đốt cháy propan, 2-metylpropan d/ Crackinh propan
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Câu 4: Cho 6,02 gam ankan A phản ứng vừa đủ với 1568 ml khí clo trong điều kiện ánh sáng thu được a gam dẫn xuất
monoclo B. Xác định công thức phân tử, CTCT A. (biết A có 1 nhánh) Đs: C6H14
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Giaùo vieân: Nguyeãn Loäc 4

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Câu 5: Đốt cháy hoàn toàn 4,96 gam một hỗn hợp X gồm 2 parafin A, B kế tiếp nhau trong dãy đồng đẳng, thu được 22,88
gam hỗn hợp gồm CO2 và hơi nước.
a/ Xác định CTPT của A,B (Đs: C3H8 : 0,06 mol và C4H10: 0,04 mol)
b/ Tính khối lượng của A, B trong hỗn hợp X.
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Câu 1: Viết CTCT và gọi lại tên cho đúng: ĐỀ 4

a/ 1,3-đimetyl-2-etylpropan b/ 3,3-điclo-2-metylbutan c/ 1,2-đietyl-2-metylpropan
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Câu 2: Viết tất cả các đồng phân của ankan có CTPT
C4H10 (có cacbon bậc 3) C5H12
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Câu 2: Hoàn thành phương trình phản ứng
a/ đốt cháy hexan, isopentan, 2,3-đimetylbutan b/ thế một clo vào neopentan
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c/ crackinh butan d/ tách H2 của etan; butan
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Câu 4:. Cho a gam một ankan A tác dụng với 1792 cm3 khí Cl2 (đkc) (xt: as) thu được 8,52g dẫn xuất monoclo B.
Giaùo vieân: Nguyeãn Loäc 5
a/ Xác định CTPT, CTCT của A. Đs: C5H12
b/ Xác định CTCT đúng của A biết:
▪ A tạo 4 sản phẩm thế B khác nhau
▪ A tạo 1 sản phẩm thế B duy nhất
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Câu 5: Đốt cháy hoàn toàn mg hỗn hợp 2 parafin kế tiếp nhau cần dùng 4,816 lít O2 (đkc), thu được lượng CO2 nhiều hơn
lượng nước 3,06 gam
c/ Xác định CTPT của A,B (đs: C5H12 :0,015 mol và C6H14 : 0,01 mol)
d/ Tính khối lượng của A, B trong hỗn hợp X.
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Câu 1: Viết CTCT và gọi lại tên cho đúng: ĐỀ 5

a) 3,3-đimetylbutan b) 2-isopropylbutan c/ 3-metyl-3-clobutan
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Câu 2: Viết tất cả các đồng phân của C4H10 (có cacbon bậc 3) và C5H12
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Câu 3: Hoàn thành các phương trình phản ứng

a/ Đốt cháy 2-metylpropan b/ mono clo hóa isopropan
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Giaùo vieân: Nguyeãn Loäc 6

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a/ tách H2 propan; butan b/ Crackinh propan, butan
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Câu 3: Khi cho 10,8 gam một ankan A tác dụng hết với khí clo thu được 15,975 gam dẫn xuất chứa monoclo .
a/ Tìm CTPT, CTCT của A. (C5H12)
b/ CTCT đúng của A, biết A tác dụng với clo cho 1 sản phẩm thế duy nhất.(C=12,H=1,Cl=35.5)
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Câu 4: Đốt cháy hoàn toàn 2,82g hỗn hợp 2 ankan kế tiếp nhau trong dãy đồng đẳng thu được 7,92g khí CO2.
a/ Xác định CTPT của 2 ankan.
b/ Tính khối lượng mỗi ankan trong hỗn hợp.
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Câu 1: Viết CTCT và gọi lại tên cho đúng: ĐỀ 6

a/ 4,4– diclo-1,2-đimetylpentan b/ 2–brom-3-metyl–3–etylbutan c/ 3-clobutan
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Câu 2: Viết tất cả các đồng phân của C4H10 và C5H12
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Câu 3: Hoàn thành các phương trình phản ứng
a/ Đốt cháy pentan, octan, hexan b/ mono clo hóa isopentan
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Giaùo vieân: Nguyeãn Loäc 7

Câu 4: Khi clo hóa 1 ankan B cần vừa đúng 5,6 lit khí Cl2 (đkc), phản ứng xảy ra theo tỉ lệ (1:1) thu được sản phẩm thế có
khối lượng 26,625 gam.
a/ Tìm CTPT và CTCT của B (đs: C5H12)
b/ Viết CTCT đúng của B, biết:
▪ B tác dụng với clo cho 3 sản phẩm thế mono clo khác nhau.
▪ B có cacbon bậc 4
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Câu 5:1/ Đốt cháy hoàn toàn 14,6 gam hỗn hợp X gồm 2 ankan liên tiếp nhau thì thu được hỗn hợp sản phẩm có khối
lượng CO2 nhiều hơn khối lượng H2O là 20,6 gam. Hãy xác định CTPT của 2 ankan và tính khối lượng mỗi ankan trong
X.(C=12,H=1,O=16) (đs : C3H8 : 0,2 mol và C4H10 : 0,1 mol)
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5.2/ Đốt cháy hoàn toàn hỗn hợp X gồm 2 ankan liên tiếp nhau thì thu được tỉ lệ mol giữa CO2 và H2O là 7:10. Hãy xác
định CTPT của 2 ankan và tính khối lượng mỗi ankan trong 26 gam X. (C=12,H=1,O=16) (đs: C2H6 và C3H8)
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5.3/ Một hỗn hợp A gồm hai ankan là đồng đẳng kế tiếp nhau có khối lượng 1,31 g. Đốt cháy hoàn toàn hỗn hợp A thu
được CO2 và nước có tỉ lệ 44/23 về khối lượng. Tìm CTPT và khối lượng của hai ankan? (đs: C3H8 và C4H10)
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Giaùo vieân: Nguyeãn Loäc 8