UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA,

81310 UTM JOHOR BAHRU, JOHOR MALAYSIA.

LAB REPORT 3:
VOLTAGE AND CURRENT MEASUREMENTS IN PARALLEL CIRCUIT

SHPE 1332-01 ASAS TEKNOLOGI ELEKTRONIK

(BASIC TECHNOLOGY ELECTRONIC)

NO. NAME MATRIX NO.

1. SITI NURAINA BINTI MOHD AZHARI A22HP0226

2. NURAIN ZHAHIRAH BINTI MOHD ZULKEPLI A22HP0175

LECTURER:

DR HANIFAH BINTI JAMBARI

CLASS:

1 SHPEH

DATE:

5TH APRIL OF 2023

INTRODUCTION

In a parallel circuit, the voltage across each component is the same meanwhile it is different as for
the current flow through each component in the circuit. This is because the components are
connected in such a way that there are multiple paths for the current to flow. Analog multimeter is
used to measure the value of voltage and current flow through the circuit.

In this lab report, we will discuss on how to design a parallel circuit on project board, the correct
methods used to measure voltage and current in a parallel circuit, including the suitable range used
in multimeter and the calculations required to determine the theoretical values of voltage and
current. We will also discuss the theory behind parallel circuits and how it affects the measurement
of voltage and current.

The purpose of this lab is to provide hands-on experience in measuring voltage and current in a
parallel circuit and to reinforce better understanding of the fundamental concepts of parallel
circuits. By the end of the lab, we should be able to have a solid understanding of how to measure
voltage and current in parallel circuits and how to interpret the results of these measurements.

OBJECTIVES

1. To understand the basic concepts of parallel circuits and how they differ from series circuit.
2. To measure and calculate the value of resistance, voltage and current of the circuit using
multimeter.
3. To calculate the total resistance, total current, and voltage across each component in a
parallel circuit theoretically.
4. To compare the voltage and current measured using a multimeter to the value predicted
theoretically for a parallel circuit.

WORKSHOP SAFETY / SAFETY PRECAUTION

1. Make sure to wear the appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) such as safety
shoes.
2. Make sure to handle the tools with care, keep them sharp and in good condition, and store
them in a safe and organized manner when not in use.
3. Avoid using electrical equipment that is damaged or faulty. Use only properly grounded
equipment, and avoid using extension cords as a permanent solution.
4. Keep the workshop clean and organized to prevent tripping hazards and to ensure that tools
and materials are easily accessible.
5. Do not play around the lab and be serious during the practical.
6. Clean tools and keep in trays or boxes when not in use.
MATERIAL DESCRIPTION
MATERIALS
RESISTORS
R1= 220Ω, R2= 6.8KΩ, R3= 1KΩ, R4= 10KΩ
POWER SUPPLY (DC) 9V
FUNCTION
Reduce the current flowing through a circuit to
avoid component damage. Manage the signal’s
gain or increase in an amplifier circuit. To generate
a specific voltage at a specific point in a circuit,
construct voltage dividers. To evaluate or calibrate
other components in a circuit, include a load or
“dummy” load.
Electrochemical devices that convert chemical
energy into electrical energy that supply the
power in series circuit. Rechargeable batteries
have long-lasting power.
TOOL DESCRIPTION

TOOLS FUNCTION

An electronic measuring instrument that combines

several measurement functions in one unit. A
typical multimeter may include features such as the
ability to measure voltage, current and resistance.
Also, to use the analog multimeter, we first need to
select the appropriate measurement range using a
selector switch. This ensures that the meter can
ANALOG MULTIMETER accurately measure the expected range of values.

To make quick electrical connections between

components like resistors, so that we can test our
circuit before permanently soldering it
together. Breadboards have many small sockets on
them, and some groups of sockets are electrically
connected to each other.

PROJECT BREADBOARD
PROCEDURES

Figure 1

1. All the components were connected in a parallel circuit as shown in Figure 1.

2. The voltage, V1, V2, V3 and V4 were measured using multimeter in range of 10V by
connecting to the 9V power supply.
3. Step 2 was repeated using multimeter in range of 50V.
4. The value of V1, V2, V3 and V4 were recorded in Table 1.
5. The value of current, I1, I2 and I3 were measures by using the multimeter in range of 2.5mA.
6. Step 5 was repeated using multimeter in range of 25mA.
7. The values of current were recorded in Table 2.

RESULT

RESISTOR VOLTAGE VOLTAGE MEASURED

RANGE 10 V RANGE 50 V
220 Ω V1 0.2 0.0
6.8 KΩ V2 9.0 9.0
1 KΩ V3 0.8 1.0
10 KΩ V4 8.4 8.0

TABLE 1

CURRENT CURRENT MEASURED

RANGE 2.5mA RANGE 25mA
I1 2.13 2.00
I2 0.80 0.60
I3 1.25 1.30

TABLE 2
CALCULATION

R1 + R 2 = 7.02 KΩ
R 3 + R 4 = 11 KΩ
1 1 −1
RTOTAL = (R +R )
1 +R2 3 +R4
1 1 −1
RTOTAL = (7.02 + 11)
= 4.285 KΩ

VTOTAL=IR
V
ITOTAL = R
9
=
4.285 KΩ

= 2.10 mA
R1
V1= R ×VTOTAL
1 +R2
220Ω
=
7.02KΩ
× 9V
= 0.282V
R2
V2 = R ×VTOTAL
1 +R2
6.8KΩ
= 7.02KΩ× 9V

= 8.718V
R3
V3 = R ×VTOTAL
3 +R4
1 KΩ
= 11 KΩ× 9V

= 0.818V
R4
V4 = R ×VTOTAL
3 +R4
10 KΩ
= 11 KΩ× 9V

= 8.182V

I1 = ITOTAL
= 2.10 mA
V
I3 = R2
2
8.718 V
I3 = 6.8 KΩ

= 1.282 mA

I2 = I1 − 13
I2 = 2.10 mA − 1.282 mA
I2 = 0.818 mA
DISCUSSION

Theoretically, the voltage across each branch may be different, while the current through each
branch will depend on the resistance of that branch in parallel circuit. Therefore, the value of
voltage and current in a parallel circuit must be accurately measured to have better understanding
about the behaviour of the circuit and acknowledge the theoretical calculations.
Based on the result we recorded, the experimental value is quite similar to the value of the
theoretical value. There might be slight difference between the results but since the percentage
difference between the experimental value and the theoretical value is less than 10% thus, the
result is considered as a success.
It is important to use the correct range on the analog multimeter to avoid damaging the meter or
obtaining inaccurate measurements. This could be the reason as in how there is slight difference
the results when compared to the theoretical value. Parallax error could also be one of the
reasons. Therefore, when taking the measurements, make sure the meter is parallel to our eyes
level to avoid error in recording results. In addition, when measuring voltage, the multimeter
should be set to a range higher than the expected voltage to avoid overloading the meter.
Overall, accurate measurement of voltage and current in a parallel circuit is very important to
understand the behaviour of the circuit and validate theoretical calculations. By discussing the
methods and sources of errors in lab report, we can demonstrate our understanding of the
principles of voltage and current measurement in a parallel circuit.
CONCLUSION

In conclusion, by understanding the theory about voltage and current in a parallel circuit, we can
design a parallel circuit on project board by our own. By carefully measuring the voltage and
current in each branch, we can acknowledge theoretical calculations and identify any source of
errors in the practical session.
We also discussed the sources of errors in voltage and current measurements in a parallel circuit,
such as errors due to unsuitable range used to measure voltage and current. We discussed how to
minimize this error, such as by using a smaller ranger depends on the resistance. Not just that,
parallax error could be avoid by measuring the value with our eyes are parallel to the multimeter.
Overall, by accurately measuring voltage and current in a parallel circuit, we can gain better
understanding about the behaviour of the circuit and analyse theoretical calculations. We can also
identify any errors and take steps to correct them. This lab report highlights the importance of
precise and accurate measurement techniques in understanding the behaviour of electrical circuits.

REFLECTION
Reflecting on the voltage and current measurements in parallel circuit lab report, we realize that
accurate measurement is important to understanding the behaviour of electrical circuits. In this lab,
we measured the voltage and current in each branch of the parallel circuit using analog multimeter.
We learned that it is crucial to set the multimeter to the correct range to avoid damaging the meter
or obtaining inaccurate measurements.
In the future, we will be more mindful of the importance of precise and accurate measurement
techniques when working with electrical circuits. We will also pay attention to the sources of error
and take steps to minimize them to obtain reliable measurements.
Overall, this lab provided us with valuable hands-on experience in measuring voltage and current
in a parallel circuit. It helped me develop a deeper understanding of the characteristics of electrical
circuits and the importance of accurate measurement techniques.
ATTACHMENT