Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region 2
School Division of Isabela
Santiago City, Isabela

NORTHEASTERN COLLEGE

JUDESON DWIGHT J.
Name of Teacher
PASCUAL
Leaning Area SCIENCE Time 10:00-12:00 am
October 28, 2022
Grade Level 4TH year College Date

I. OBJECTIVES At the end of the lesson, the learners are expected to:
Determine the differences between alternating and direct current
Classify different types of waveforms
Value the importance of different waveform

SUBJECT MATTER Types of Electric Circuit

Alternating current and waveforms
A. Topic

Other waveform properties - Apple Support (AM)

https://www.allthescience.org
B. Reference
https://letstalkscience.ca/educational-resources/backgrounders

C. Materials Illustrations, laptop, power point presentation

D. Values Integration
II. LEARNING PROCEDURE
A. Preparatory Activities
Understand why Waves are different depends on what they hear and what they saw
Teacher’s Activities Students’ Activities
Good morning, class. “Good morning, teacher.” “We are fine.
How are you today? Thank you.”

Let us start our day with a prayer.
Mr.Saranillas , kindly lead us the
prayer. Class, let’s bow down our
head and feel the presence of our
Almighty creator.
“Dear God, in your strong hands we place
our life today. Choosing to depend on
you, to light and guide our way. We do
not know what’s life ahead, but in your
hands, we always trust that everything
will turn out best for us. Amen.”

Thank you, Mr. Saranillas.

Everyone, please sit down and “Yes Sir”
Ms. Soriano, kindly check your
attendance and give me your
attendance sheet later, thank you.
(Checking of Attendance)

(Review Drill) “Ma’am, our topic last week is all about

Before we start our lesson for
today, what was our topic last
week?
Very good, Mr. Cortina. Now, I
want you all to listen as we are
going to unlock some words that
we may encounter in our topic.
how resistance combined ,when two or
more resistors are connected end to end
consecutively, they are said to be
connected in series combination. The
combined resistance of any number of
resistances connected in series is equal to
the sum of the individual resistances.”
B. Motivation Before we proceed in the "Yes Sir!"
discussion, I want you to guess
the meaning of the picture and
tried to combined it to form words
that resembles our topic?

Did you enjoy your activity?

What do you think is the
relationship of those words in our “Yes, Sir”
lesson? Now, do you have
anything in your mind about what
is our lesson all about?
C. Lesson Proper Yes, Mr. Bacting , what is our “It’s all about alternating current and its
topic for today? waveforms, Sir.”

Excellent, Mr. Bacting. Now, let

us discuss about the alternating
current and its different
waveforms

Ms. Bitantes, do you have any “It is the movement or flow of Electrons
idea of what is current? sir”

You got it right, Ms.

Bitantes. Current is the flow
of electrical charge carriers
like electrons. Current flows
from negative to positive
points. The SI unit for
measuring electric current is
the ampere (A)

We have two different types

of Current, and we can
identify them as Direct
Current and Alternating
Current

Let us first know about the “ Yes sir”

Direct Current. Dou you have
any idea of what is Direct
Current?
“It is an electric current that flows in ONE
Yes Ms. Lamer? direction sir”
Let’s move on to another
component. Mr. Nicolas, what do
we call our other component of a
circuit?

“Very good Ms. Lamer”

“That’s right. When we say Direct

Current, it is an electric current
that is uni-directional, so the flow
of charge is always in the same
direction. As opposed to
alternating current, the direction
and amperage of direct currents
do not change. It is used in many
household electronics and in all
devices that use batteries. Direct
current is produced by rectifiers,
batteries, generators with
commutators, and fuel cells. For
example, the current flowing in
appliances running on batteries or
in a flashlight is a direct current”

Now let’s move on to another

type of Current which is
Alternating Current.

From the name itself Alternating

Current, do you have any idea of “Yes Sir”
what is Alternating Current?

Yes, Ms. Orcales?

“It is an electric current that constantly
“Very Good, Ms. Orcales” REVERSES it’s direction of flow sir”
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“That’s correct, Alternating
Current is a type of electrical
current, in which the direction of
the flow of electrons switches
back and forth at regular intervals
or cycles. Current flowing in
power lines and normal household
electricity that comes from a wall
outlet is alternating current. Most
electrical appliances, such as fans,
bulbs, air conditioners, and
motors, operate on alternating
current”

Now that we already know the

two types of current, let’s discuss
about the Waveform

“Waveform are described as

disturbance that travels through a
medium from one place to
another, it is a graph and form of
signal such as a wave moving”

We have four types of waveforms

that can be classified as Triangle
Wave, Sine Wave, Square Wave
and Sawtooth wave.

“Mr. Cortina, would you please

read of what is a Sine Wave”

“Very good. A Sine wave is a

geometric waveform that
oscillates (moves up, down, or
side-to-side) periodically, and is
defined by the function y = sin x.
In other words, it is an s-shaped,
smooth wave that oscillates above
and below zero”
Now, lets discuss another type of
waveform which is the Triangle
Wave.

“A Triangle wave sound similar to

sine wave but includes a hollow
or light overtones. It is a
waveform theoretically comprised
of an infinite set of odd harmonic
sine waves. It is often used in
sound synthesis where its timbre
is less harsh than the square wave
because the amplitude of its upper
harmonics falls off more rapidly”

Now, let’s proceed to the third

type of waveform which is the
sawtooth wave.

“Sawtooth wave has a bright and

rich overtone, has ramps that drop
or begin sharply, becoming
similar to the teeth of a saw, most
conventional waves of this type
begin by building pressure
upward gradually in a straight
line, then have a sharp drop off in
another straight line. The process
then repeats itself. One can also
act in reverse, however, slowly
going down before a sharp up
slope. This is known as a reverse
or inverse sawtooth wave. Either
way, these types of sine waves
still look like a saw, with the teeth
being pointing upward. As one
might suspect, the sharp points
mean that the sound it produces
will likely be very harsh,
compared to the soft sounds of
most waves”
Now let’s discuss the last type of
waveform which is the square
wave.

“A square wave is a non- “It is a complete positive and negative

sinusoidal periodic waveform in
wave of an alternating current sir”
which the amplitude alternates at
a steady frequency between fixed
minimum and maximum values,
with the same duration at
minimum and maximum. In an
ideal square wave, the transitions
between minimum and maximum
are instantaneous. The square
wave is a special case of a pulse
wave which allows arbitrary
durations at minimum and
maximum amplitudes. The ratio
of the high period to the total
period of a pulse wave is called
the duty cycle. A true square wave
has a 50% duty cycle (equal high
and low periods). Square waves
are often encountered in
electronics and signal processing,
particularly digital electronics and
digital signal processing. Its
stochastic counterpart is a two-
state trajectory”

Now that we already know the

different types of waveforms, lets
move on to Different types of
waves.

We Have two different types of

waves which are Transverse and
Longitudinal wave.

When we say Transverse wave,

“it’s particles move perpendicular
to the direction of the wave
motion, it is a wave whose
oscillations are perpendicular to
the direction of the wave's
advance. This is in contrast to a
longitudinal wave which travels in
the direction of its oscillations.
Water waves are an example of
transverse wave”

On the other hand “Longitudinal

wave particles move parallel to
the direction of the wave motion,
are waves in which the vibration
of the medium is parallel to the
direction the wave travels and
displacement of the medium is in
the same (or opposite) direction of
the wave propagation. Mechanical
longitudinal waves are also called
compressional or compression
waves, because they produce
compression and rarefaction when
traveling through a medium, and
pressure waves, because they
produce increases and decreases
in pressure. Real-world examples
include sound waves (vibrations
in pressure, a particle of
displacement, and particle
velocity propagated in an elastic
medium) and seismic P-waves
(created by earthquakes and
explosions)”.

Now that we already know the

different waveforms and different
types of waves, let us discuss of
what are a wave composed of.

The first one is the cycle

Mr. Pascua, can you please read

of what is a cycle?

“Very good Mr. Pascua”

“When a waveform reaches a
complete set of positive and
negative value it is called one
cycle., such as if a sinusoidal
wave, completes one set of
positive and negative values, is
called one cycle of sine wave
cycle. One cycle is corresponding
to the angular measure of 360
deg”

And now, let us talk about the

Peak of a waveform.

“A Peak is the maximum value,

either positive or negative, that a
waveform attains”

The third one is the Period of a

waveform.

“A Period is a Time for wave to

complete 1 cycle. It is the amount
of time it takes to complete one
full revolution of a waveform
cycle. The higher and faster the
frequency, the shorter the wave
period”

The last one is the Frequency

“Frequency is the number of

complete cycle per second in
alternating current direction. It is
also an expression of how
frequently a periodic wave form
or signal repeats itself at a given
 amplitude The standard unit of
frequency is hertz, abbreviated
Hz. F=Hz”

“That concludes our discussion,

Thank you for listening”

D. Application I will give you 10 minutes to

answer the following.

Draw the wave: Expected Answer:

1. Triangle wave

2. Sine wave

3. Sawtooth wave

4. Square wave

Part 2: Differentiate the

following: Alternating and Direct
Current
E. Generalization Okay class, to assess if you have Answers may vary
learned well our topic, I want you
to make a Venn diagram showing (expected answer)
the similarities and difference of
transverse and longitudinal wave

F. Values So, after the discussion, explain Expected Answer: Sound is a type of
why/how we hear sounds through wave that moves through matter and then
our ear? vibrates our eardrums so we can hear.

Very Good! As you just learned,

you hear when your ears process
sound waves produced by an
object. The object produces waves
by vibrating. When an object
vibrates, it pushes against the
surrounding air. The vibrations
cause the air to expand (called
rarefaction) and compress. This
causes areas of high and low
pressure as the sound moves
towards your ears in the form of
waves.
G. Evaluation Answer the following. Write the
correct answer on your paper

Part 1. Identification
Direction: Identify the following
meaning and write the correct (Expected answer)
answer.

1. The movement or flow of

Electrons. 1. Current
2. An electric current that flows
in one direction. 2. Direct Current
3. An electric current that
constantly reverses it’s 3. Alternating Current
direction of flow.
4. Described as disturbance
that travels through a 4. Waveform
medium from one place to
another.
5. It is the most basic 5. Sine wave
waveform.

Part 2. Enumeration Expected answer

Directions: Enumerate the
following:
 Types of waveforms:
1. 1. Triangle wave
2. 2. Sine wave
3. 3. Sawtooth wave
4. 4. Square wave

Types of wave:
1. 1. Transverse wave
2. 2. Longitudinal wave

III. AGREEMENT

Prepared by:
JUDESON DWIGHT J. PASCUAL
Practice Teacher
Presented to:
LIMER G. VIERNES
Course Instructor