Migration

Do developed countries have a responsibility to welcome refugees from parts of the world that are experiencing
difficulties?

Migration is when we migrate from one place to another. Many living organisms migrate from one place to another
for example, humans, animals, birds. Birds make vvv shape when they migrate. There are four types of migration
internal migration, external migration, temporary migration permanent migration It is a fact that I travel from
Gujranwala to Lahore Migrations fall into several broad categories .Migration can help people to have a good job and
it can also help to stay in another place. Migration have both positive and negative things. This can increase the
cultural diversity hosts bit it can cause segregation as well .The first thing for migration is to plan where to go and
then migrate.

Causes and Consequences

There are many different reasons why migration occurs. Let's take a look at the 'push and pull factor' idea, a helpful
way of understanding the movement of migrants. Push factors are the things going on in their place of residence that
make people want to leave. Pull factors are those which attract people to a place.
Push factors for migration
Extreme weather (droughts, which can affect things like agriculture).
Lack of economic or social opportunities (work, school).
Lack of safety - (war, the threat to life, persecution).
Migrants may have entirely different cultural values or characteristics to those of a host nation. When there are
differences between the host and the origin country, tensions may build up between them. This is often called a
cultural clash or cultural conflict.
International migration may create spaces for discrimination. Migrants may have a different ethnicity, religious
practice, or cultural characteristics from their host nation, or there may be language barriers, which can sometimes
cause migrants to be discriminated against in every aspect of their everyday lives, either directly or indirectly.

https://www.studysmarter.co.uk/explanations/geography/migration-and-identity/consequences-of-migration/
#:~:text=Consequences%20of%20Migration%20-%20Key%20takeaways,-Migration

Perspectives
The paper challenges the view that the late twentieth century is the ‘age of migration’. For developing countries, flows
of out-migrants are small compared with population growth, although in developed countries the stock of immigrants
increased in proportion to the total population between 1965 and 1990. Despite the importance of refugee movement,
the main force for international migration is economic. Why do not more people migrate (internally and
internationally) to take advantage of potential economic gains? For international migration, one deterrent is
institutional barriers against uncontrolled immigration. Different interest groups stand to gain or lose from increased
migration. The income-enhancing effects of unhindered international labor migration, measured jointly for sending
and receiving countries and by extension globally, should be very large. Even partial liberalization of immigration to
industrialized countries would serve developing countries well. In industrialized countries, however, there is concern
about the effect of massive labor inflows on the ethnic, religious and cultural composition of the population and its
social cohesion. In some countries, migration is leading to greater ethnic mingling; in others there is a recrudescence
of nationalistic aspirations for independent statehood with ethnically homogeneous populations, or to preserve the
advantages of economically successful sub regions.
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF03031969

Causes of action
The earliest migrants were ancient humans who originated on the African continent. Their spread to Eurasia and
elsewhere remains a matter of significant scientific controversy. The earliest fossils of recognizable Homo sapiens
were found in Ethiopia and are approximately 200,000 years old.

The “out of Africa” theory posits that around 60,000 years ago, Homo sapiens dispersed across Eurasia, where they
met and eventually replaced other human ancestors like Neanderthals. However, that theory has been challenged by
evidence of migrations from Africa to Eurasia 120,000 years ago. Either way, early humans are thought to have
migrated to Asia either across a strait that lies between the Horn of Africa and what is now Yemen, or via the Sinai
Peninsula. After spreading to southeast Asia, early humans are thought to have migrated to Australia, which shared a
landmass with New Guinea at the time, then to Europe, then to the Americas.
https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/article/migration

Conclusion
International migration is a constant, not an aberration, in human history. Population movements have always
accompanied demographic growth, technological change, political conflict and warfare. Over the last five centuries
mass migrations have played a major role in colonialism, industrialization, the emergence of nation-states and the
development of the capitalist world market. However, international migration has never been as pervasive, or as
socioeconomically and politically significant, as it is today. Never before have statesmen accorded such priority to
migration concerns. Never before has international migration seemed so pertinent to national security and so
connected to conflict and disorder on a global scale.
https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-349-26846-7_11