KARL MAVERICK O.

JOVES
BS CRIMINOLOGY 3-DELTA
MODULE 3: LESSON 1-4
Lesson 1 talks about lie detector tests and why they're used. These tests help find out if
someone is telling the truth or lying during investigations. They have different goals like
finding evidence, identifying suspects, or getting information from people who don't want
to talk. Lie detectors work because lying makes our bodies react in certain ways, like
changes in breathing or heart rate. But, it's not always easy to know if lie detectors are
accurate because there are different types of tests and ways to measure them. Overall,
lie detector tests are useful tools for finding out the truth in investigations, but they're not
always perfect. Lesson 2 discusses countermeasures and the accuracy of polygraph
tests. Countermeasures are techniques used by individuals to try to deceive the
polygraph test, such as mental exercises or physical actions like controlled breathing.
The effectiveness of these countermeasures depends on various factors and can be
detected by skilled examiners. Different types of countermeasures include mental
strategies like rationalization or hypnosis, physical actions like controlling breathing, and
the use of drugs or alcohol. Despite efforts to beat the polygraph, research suggests
that well-trained examiners can still detect deception effectively. While there may be
controversy about the accuracy of polygraph tests, proponents argue that when
conducted correctly, they can provide valuable insights into truthfulness. Lesson 3
introduces techniques for detecting lies using the polygraph test. It outlines a series of
steps for conducting the test, including preparing the subject, asking a set of questions,
and analyzing the results. The Utah approach to Comparison Question Polygraph
Testing (CQT) is highlighted as a scientifically proven method for accurate lie detection.
The test involves asking a series of questions, including sacrificial relevant, neutral, and
comparison questions, to assess physiological responses. The technique can be
adapted for different testing scenarios, providing flexibility and accuracy. During the test,
the subject is instructed to sit still and answer truthfully while the examiner rotates the
order of questions to prevent anticipation. Lesson 4 covers the critical aspect of chart
interpretation and markings in polygraph examinations. The process involves analyzing
physiological data recorded on polygraph charts, requiring knowledge of physiology and
psychology for accurate evaluation. Charts typically contain separate records for
respiration, galvanic skin response (GSR), and cardio tracing. Test questions are
spaced at intervals to allow physiological responses to manifest. Chart markings are
employed to document various aspects of the test, including the start and end times,
question intervals, and subject's responses. Signs and symbols are used for different
purposes, such as indicating the beginning and end of the test, subject's responses, and
extraneous factors. Chart probing involves asking questions to explore the causes of
recorded responses and ensure accurate interpretation.