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RBSE Class 8 Science Notes Chapter 7 Blood Circulation - RBSE Guide
RBSE Class 8 Science Notes Chapter 7 Blood Circulation - RBSE Guide
We get energy from food after its digestion. Living beings take in O2 in respiration and give out CO2. To carry substances to different
part of our body, red pigment (fluid) is found in our body which is called blood.
Plasma: it is light yellow colored, clear, sticky, transparent liquid. About 50 – 60 percent part of blood is plasma. Generally it has
90 % water and 10% organic and inorganic substances due to the presence of Inorganic alkaline salts, plasma is alkaline in
nature. Blood contains proteins, glucose, fatty acids hormone etc organic substances in it. Plasma acts to keep blood in liquid
form, hence blood is called liquid connective tissue. Blood corpuscles-Approximately 40% part of the blood is formed of
corpuscles.
They are of three kinds:
Red blood corpuscles (RBC) or erythrocytes.
White blood corpuscles (WBC) or leucocytes.
Platelets or thrombocytes.
RBC or Erythrocytes:
Shape – Spherical disc shaped.
Nucleus – absent.
Contain red pigment called hemoglobin. It carries oxygen in the form of oxy-hemoglobin in whole body.
RBC are formed in bone marrow.
Function of RBC
To carry oxygen to every cell of the body.
To carry food.
To maintain balance of body temperature i.e. fixed temperature of the body.
WBC or Leucocytes
They are longer than RBC
Contain nucleus.
They are irregular in shape, example: amoeba.
They are colourless due to absence of any pigment.
Less in number compared to RBC. They are also called as soldier cells.
Function of WBC: They perform as antibodies to secure body from any infection. They destroy the disease, viruses and bacteria
to keep body healthy. They eat dead body cells and keep the blood clean.
Blood platelets or Thrombocytes:
They are small in size nucleated, and irregular in shape.
Less in number, they are also formed in bone marrow like RBC
Function of Platelets:
They help in blood clotting.
Controls blood flow due to any injury.
Blood groups: Karl Landsteiner was the first who gave information about presence of blood groups in human blood in (1863-
1943). Researches proves that the group of donor and the receptor should be the same. Unknowingly if the blood of different
groups is given to the patient then clotting of the blood occurs in the body. It blocks the flow of blood. In such condition
death of receptor takes place.
Why this happens :After getting the knowledge of blood groups it was discovered that two types of proteins are found in
human body:
Antigen
Antibody
Antigens: found in human blood are of two types antigen A and antigen B.
Antibody: They are also of two types antibody a and antibody b.
It is essential for the presence of antigen A with antibody b and antigen B with antibody a to form the clotting of blood. To
stop the bleeding or if wrong group is transferred in the patients body the blood clotting occurs which stops the circulation of
blood and patients dies. On the basis of the presence of these antigens and antibodies Karl Landsteiner had divided the
human blood into four groups -A, B, AB, and O.
Human blood groups:
S.NO Blood group Antigen Antibody
1. A A b
VISHAY ACADEMY 1
2. B B a
3. AB A and B None
4. 0 none a and b
Importance of blood group: Due to the knowledge of blood group, blood donation has been proved as a boon for the society. By this
if the blood is required for the accidental victims and sick persons then blood of appropriate group could be made available by the
blood banks or registered voluntary blood donors easily.
They are important in the field of law and justice by taking samples and tests of DNA culprits could be caught. Deficiency of blood in
the body is fulfilled by blood donation and given that blood to person who has deficiency.
Information related to the blood:
A ✓ × ✓ ×
B × y ✓ ×
AB × × ✓ ×
0 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
NOTE:
Symbol {✓) Means blood can be given, Symbol (×) means blood cannot be given. The person of group AB can receive blood from any
one.
The person of group O can give blood to any person.
In this way group AB is the universal receptor while group O is the universal donor.
VISHAY ACADEMY 2
Things to be noted after blood donation:
After blood donation intake liquid substance within 24 hours like: Juice, milk, etc.
Do not exercise or work hard for next 24 hrs, after donating blood.
Functions of blood:
A valve divides each side into two chambers-an upper atrium and a lower ventricle. When the heart muscles contract it squeezes
blood through the atria and through the ventricles. Oxygenated blood from the lungs flows from the pulmonary veins into the left
atrium, through the left ventricles and then out via the aorta to all parts of the body. Deoxygenated blood returning from the body
flows from the vena cava into the right atrium, through the right ventricle and then out via the Pulmonary artery to the lungs for
reoxygenation. At the rest, heart beats between 60 – 80 times a minute. During exercise or a time of stress rexcitement the rate may
increase to 200 beats a minute contraction and expansion of heart is called heart beats or pulse. Doctors by counting these beats of
heart or pulse presumeslhe status of health.
Stethoscope: It is an instrument to measure heart beats. It was invented by a French Dr. R. Laennec in 1816.
The invention of blood circulation was done by Dr. William Harvey (1518-1657). He was honoured for this and was called circulator.
VISHAY ACADEMY 3