International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume X Issue Y- Month 2013

Performance Analysis of Heat Exchanger

For Evaporative Cooling
Shubham M. Patil 1, Bhushan D. Chaudhari 2, Tushar R. Sonawane 3, Prof. Anil Dube 4
BE Mechanical1,2,3

Department of Mechanical Engineering,

Sandip Institute of Technology and research Centre. 1, 2, 3, 4,Nashik, India.
1shubhamptl115@gmail.com,
2bhushansharkopack@gmail.com,
3sonawane.tushar64@gmail.com,
4anildube100@gmail.com.

Abstract— This paper discuss about the development and
analysis of evaporative heat exchanger to cool drinking water.
The electrical energy required for cooling appliances is
considerable and use of refrigerant increase the ozone depletion.
This system is developed to cool the water coming from water
tank and make it drinkable directly without cooling it with other
secondary coolers like refrigerator or any other cooling method
which consumes electricity. So the evaporative heat exchanger is
developed by mounting cooling coil after the tank and the hot
water coming from tank which has temperature of range 34 0C-
380C in summer days is supplied through the cooling coil, this
cooling coil is covered by using wick material which evaporates
sprinkled water by reducing its partial pressure and heat
required for evaporation of water is taken by water flowing
through cooling coil and the principle of evaporative cooling is
obtained and then the temperature of water is reduced up to
desired value 240C-280C which can be drink directly. System is
beneficial in such way that it does not consume any electricity or
any other external energy source, as the natural evaporating
principle is used.
From this experimental analysis we observe that as
there are number different parameters like wick material, heat
exchanger dimensions, flow rate, which affects the performance
of heat exchanger.
Keywords — Evaporative cooling, wick material, cooling coil.
I. INTRODUCTION
Commercially Vapor Compression System is used for
cooling purposes. Which consumes large amount of electricity
so as to running compressor, it also uses refrigerants like CFC
which are very harmful to the environment. Its operation and
design is also very complicated as compared to evaporative
cooling. So the best alternative is evaporative cooling. This
paper reviews various studies carried out related to the
evaporative cooling recently and the past, also evaporative
cooling technologies that could potentially provide sufficient
cooling comfort, reduce environmental impact and lower
energy consumption required for conventional systems. Types
of evaporative cooling reviewed are direct evaporative
cooling, indirect evaporative cooling and combined direct-
indirect cooling systems. Currently, mechanical vapor
compression coolers (MVC) are commercially dominant in
use despite their more and more energy use and low
performance in hot climate. In opposite, evaporative cooling
systems uses very less energy and its performance increases as
temperature increases and humidity decreases. However, the
main drawback of the evaporative cooling is their high
dependency on the atmospheric air conditions. Since the
temperature difference between the dry and wet-bulb
temperatures of the atmospheric air is the driving force of
evaporative cooling. For mild or humid climate this difference
in dry and wet bulb temperature is less, therefore, it results
limited cooling capacity. This harmful impact is depleted from
our system. As this system does not require any external
source of energy to operate water flowing through tube is
itself a source of energy so running cost is zero so can be
afford by any common man. The main features of our
system are:
 No use of electricity.
 No use of refrigerant.
 Less space and cost.
So we can use this system wherever for domestic purpose
or small scale industry.
II. DESCRIPTION
The temperature of water stored in water tank on the floor
becomes 34°C-38°C which is not drinkable when it comes
through pipe line or water purifier. We need to cool this water
by again storing in refrigerator and it will reduce the
temperature of water to more extend and some people are not
habituate of drinking water from refrigerator. So to avoid this
time consumed, inconvenient, and cost required, method we
are going to develop a system named heat exchanger works on
evaporative cooling principle for cooling drinking water at
zero running cost, environment friendly, very less initial cost
and only desired temperature drop of water can be achieved.
Till the date automatic cooling system for drinking water is
only made for commercial water purifiers. There is no such
system for domestic water purifiers because of space
constraint, less load, high initial cost, etc.
As there is large application of vapor compression system
for cooling of water in commercial coolers which has
following drawbacks:

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International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume X Issue Y- Month 2013

 It require external energy source as electrical energy IV. EXPERIMENTAL SETUP

for compressor, pump to circulate refrigerant.
 The use of refrigerant which is harmful to the
environment which has higher GWP.
 System is complicated as compared to our system.
 More running cost.
So this heat exchanger which works on
evaporative cooling principle for cooling drinking
water is the solution.
III. METHODOLOGY

Taking a coil and wick material of best suitable material.

Standard diameter and length of coil is selected.
Wound wick material fully on the coil.
Place a wick wounded cooling coil at the outlet of water
tank through which water is flowing at constant rate or at
variable flow rate by controlling flow by control valve, and
second end of the cooling coil will be attached to any storage
container or water purifier.
There is an also one small tank which contain small
amount of water at atmospheric temperature. This
arrangement is made to sprinkle the water on the wick
material.
As water from tank passes through the cooling coil
simultaneously water will start sprinkle on the wick material
which has porosity.
The sprinkle water starts to evaporate as it passes through
pores of wick material which reduces the partial pressure of
sprinkled water and heat required for evaporation is taken
from water flowing inside the cooling coil.
Heat gained by sprinkle water is equal to the heat loose by
water inside the coil, and water is cooled.
Also we are going to change the flow rate of water flowing
through the coil and the water sprinkled over wick material,
so as to study their effect on cooling of drinking water.
For selecting best suitable material for coil we are going to
take different materials for coil as –
Copper
Alluminium Fig. 1 Experimental setup on which analysis has been done.
Zinc
Among of those coil materials we are selecting Copper
material for cooling coil, because its thermal conductivity is
V. SETUP SPECIFICATION
high as compared with others about 386W/mK.
And for selecting best suitable wick material as : A. Water tank specifications –
Vat
TABLE I
Velvet TANK SPECIFICATION
Sut
By taking every wick material on one material of coil make Parameters Tank A Tank B
3 set of coil like this make 9 sets of system. Take number of
readings on this all sets and then study and analyze these Length 29 cm 18 cm
readings and select the best combination of material for our Width 27 cm 21 cm
evaporative heat exchanger.

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International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume X Issue Y- Month 2013

Area 783 cm2 378 cm2

B. Coil specifications –
TABLE III
COIL SPECIFICATION

Material Copper

Internal Diameter 3 mm

External Diameter 6 mm

Length 300 cm

Fig. 2 Analysis of cooling for VAT as a wick material

C. Wick material used –
 Vat 2. Readings taken by using VELVET as a wick mate-
rial:
 Velvet
TABLE IVV
 Sut OBSERVATIONS FOR VELVET

MA MB MC T1 T2 T3

6.6 0.1134 70 25 23.8 22.1

VI. OBSERVATIONS RECORDED 6.6 0.1134 60 30 27.6 22.1
We conduct number of experiments on copper coil by 6.6 0.1134 45 35 31.6 22.1
changing various types of wick materials, so we can found
following results. All the readings are taken for time period of
20 minutes.

Where,

1) MA - Flow rate of water (Lit.)

2) MB - Flow rate of sprinkled water (Lit.)

3) MC – Water collected from wick material (ml)

4) T1 – Hot water inlet temperature (°C)

5) T2 – Outlet temperature (°C)

6) T3 – Sprinkled water temperature (°C)

Fig. 3 Analysis of cooling for VELVET as a wick material

1. Readings taken by using VAT as a wick material:
TABLE IIIII
OBSERVATIONS FOR VAT 3. Readings taken by using SUT as a wick material:
MA MB MC T1 T2 T3 TABLE V
OBSERVATIONS FOR SUT
6.6 0.1134 70 25 24.1 23.3 MA MB MC T1 T2 T3
6.6 0.1134 65 30 27.8 23.3
6.6 0.1134 50 35 31.9 23.3 6.6 0.1134 65 25 23.4 24.1
6.6 0.1134 80 30 27.1 24.1
6.6 0.1134 90 35 31.5 24.1

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International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume X Issue Y- Month 2013

In given conditions for Sut we get temperature difference

of 3.5oC, for Vat we get temperature difference of 3.1 oC, for
Velvet we get temperature difference of 3.4oC

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Now a days there is more and more environmental issues Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,16,3535– 3546,2012.
like global warming are arises due to use of refrigerants in
conventional refrigeration system. We found maximum
temperature drop on sut as a wick material as compared to
others. The water carrying capacity of sut is higher than other
materials, so evaporation rate is high. If the surface area of
coil will increase the cooling effect will also increases.

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