TRIGONOMETRIC

EXPRESSIONS
AND
IDENTITIES
TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES
• An identity is an equation that
is true for all values for which
the expressions in the equation
are defined.

2
𝑥 + 3𝑥 + 2 = 𝑥 + 2 𝑥 + 1
TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES
• If an equation is true only for
some values of the variable, it
is a conditional equation.

2
𝑥 + 3𝑥 + 2 = 0
TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES
• If an equation is true for no
values of the variable, then it is
contradiction.

x+5 = x+7
RECIPROCAL IDENTITIES
PYTHAGOREAN IDENTITIES
EVEN-ODD IDENTITIES
 SINE FUNCTION

• THE SINE FUNCTION IS AN ODD

FUNCTION- IT’S GRAPH IS SYMMETRIC
ABOUT THE ORIGIN
• sin(-x) = sin(x)
• Sin(- 40°) = sin(40°)
 COSINE FUNCTION

• THE COSINE FUNCTION IS AN EVEN

FUNCTION- IT’S GRAPH IS SYMMETRIC
ABOUT THE Y-AXIS
• cos(-x) = cos(x)
• cos(- 40°) = cos(40°)
SIMPLIFYING TRIGONOMETRIC EXPRESSIONS
USING IDENTITIES
• We will now use the basic identities and
algebraic manipulation to simplify more
complicated trigonometric expressions.

• One approach is to first convert all expressions

into sines and cosines and then simplify.
SIMPLIFYING TRIGONOMETRIC EXPRESSIONS
• Simplify the expression tanxsinx + cosx
SIMPLIFYING TRIGONOMETRIC EXPRESSIONS

• Simplify the expression cotxcosx + sinx

cotxcosx + sinx = cscx
SIMPLIFYING TRIGONOMETRIC EXPRESSIONS
1 1
• Simplify the expression +
csc2 𝑥 sec2 𝑥
SIMPLIFYING TRIGONOMETRIC EXPRESSIONS

1
• Simplify the expression −1
c𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥
1
2 −1 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑥
c𝑜𝑠 𝑥
VERIFYING TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES

• We will now use the trigonometric identities

to verify, or prove other trigonometric
identities for all values for which the
expressions in the equation are defined
GUIDELINES FOR VERIFYING TRIGONOMETRIC
IDENTITIES
• Start with the more complicated side of the
equation.
• Combine sums and differences of quotients into
a single quotient.
• Use basic trigonometric identities.
GUIDELINES FOR VERIFYING TRIGONOMETRIC
IDENTITIES
• Use algebraic techniques to manipulate one
side of the equation until it looks like the other
side.
• Sometimes it is helpful to convert all
trigonometric functions into sines and cosines.
VERIFYING TRIGONOMETRIC EXPRESSIONS
VERIFYING TRIGONOMETRIC EXPRESSIONS
DETERMINING WHETHER A TRIGONOMETRIC
EQUATION IS AN IDENTITY
DETERMINING WHETHER A TRIGONOMETRIC
EQUATION IS AN IDENTITY
 Simplifying Trigonometric Expressions And
Verifying Trigonometric Identities

Simplify items 1-2, Verify item 3

1. 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
1−cos4 𝑥
2. 1+cos2 𝑥
3. tanx + cotx = cscx secx
 Simplifying Trigonometric Expressions And
Verifying Trigonometric Identities

Simplify items 1-2, Verify items 3-4

sec 𝑥 3. tanx (cscx – sinx) = cosx

1. tan 𝑥
cos3 𝑥 sec 𝑥
2. tan(-x) cos(-x) 4.
1−sin 𝑥
= 1 + sin 𝑥
 Simplifying Trigonometric Expressions And
Verifying Trigonometric Identities

Simplify items 1-2, Verify items 3-4

1.
s𝑖𝑛 𝑥 3. 1
cot2 𝑥
−
1
tan2 𝑥
= sec 2 𝑥 − csc 2 𝑥
tan 𝑥
𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 + tan 𝑥
2. sec(-x) cotx 4. = tan 𝑥
𝑐𝑠𝑐𝑥 + 1
 Simplifying Trigonometric Expressions And
Verifying Trigonometric Identities

Simplify items 1-2, Verify items 3-4

𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 1+𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥
1. 3. = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + cos 𝑥
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 csc 𝑥

2 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥
2. sinx cot (−𝑥) 4.
1−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
− 1 = 𝑐𝑠𝑐𝑥
 Simplifying Trigonometric Expressions And
Verifying Trigonometric Identities

Simplify items 1-2, Verify items 3-4

𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 3. 1 − cos2 𝑥 = tan 𝑥 cos(−𝑥) 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥

1. 𝑐𝑠𝑐𝑥
4. cosx+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐(−𝑥)
tan 𝑥 cos 𝑥
2. sin 𝑥
THANK YOU