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DBRX by Databricks: The Future of Fine-Grained MoE

Architecture in AI

Introduction

In the rapidly evolving landscape of artificial intelligence, Large

Language Models are making significant strides. These models, capable
of generating text that closely mirrors human language, have become
indispensable tools in a myriad of applications. Yet, the world of LLMs is
not without its challenges, including issues of accessibility, efficiency,
and ethical AI use. DBRX stands out as a solution to these challenges,
offering an open-source model with unparalleled performance.

DBRX is the brainchild of Databricks, developed by their Mosaic

Research Team. Known for their comprehensive data analytics platform,
Databricks has made a foray into the realm of AI with the goal of making
data intelligence accessible to all enterprises. The creation of DBRX
aligns perfectly with this vision, providing top-tier AI capabilities to

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businesses everywhere. The driving force behind the development of

DBRX was to establish a new benchmark in the field of open LLMs.

What is DBRX?

DBRX is a cutting-edge, open-source Large Language Model (LLM) . It

is a transformer-based, decoder-only, general-purpose LLM. DBRX
stands as an adept code model, outshining specialized counterparts like
CodeLLaMA-70B in the realm of programming. Simultaneously, it flexes
its versatility as a robust general-purpose language model.

source - https://www.databricks.com/blog/introducing-dbrx-new-state-art-open-llm

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Key Features of DBRX

DBRX boasts several unique features that set it apart from other models:

● Efficient Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) Architecture: DBRX utilizes

a fine-grained MoE architecture, which allows it to perform
inference up to 2x faster than previous models like LLaMA2-70B.
This architecture contributes to the model’s efficiency without
compromising its performance.
● Large Parameter Count: DBRX has a total of 132 billion
parameters, a significant number in the world of LLMs. However,
only 36 billion of these parameters are active for any given input,
making the model more manageable and efficient.
● Transformer-based Decoder-Only Model: As a
transformer-based decoder-only model, DBRX has been trained
using next-token prediction, a method that enhances its ability to
generate human-like text.
● Extensive Training Data: DBRX has been trained on a diverse
dataset of 12 trillion tokens of text and code data, allowing it to
handle a wide range of tasks effectively.

Capabilities/Use Case of DBRX

DBRX offers unique capabilities and benefits that make it a valuable tool
in various applications:

● Enhanced Data Analysis: DBRX has the ability to analyze

massive datasets, uncovering hidden patterns and trends that
might otherwise go unnoticed. This makes it a valuable tool for
data-driven decision making.
● Supercharged Content Creation: With its ability to generate
human-like text, DBRX can be used to create content, offering a
solution for overcoming writer’s block and enhancing creativity.

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● Streamlined Development Processes: Developers can leverage

DBRX for code completion, suggesting functionalities or even
generating simple functions. This can streamline the development
process and increase productivity.
● Industry Applications: The potential use cases for DBRX span
across industries. In financial services, the model can be
fine-tuned for tasks such as risk assessment, fraud detection, and
customer service chatbots. Healthcare organizations can leverage
DBRX for medical record analysis, drug discovery, and patient
engagement. These real-world applications demonstrate the
versatility and potential of DBRX.

How does DBRX work?/ Architecture/Design

DBRX leverages a cutting-edge fine-grained mixture-of-experts (MoE)

architecture. This innovative structure distributes the learning process
across several specialized subnetworks. By doing so, it optimizes data
allocation for each task, ensuring both high-quality output and
computational efficiency.

The MoE architecture represents a transformative class of transformer

models. It departs from traditional dense models by adopting a sparse
approach. Here, only a select group of the model’s components referred
to as ‘experts’ are activated for each input. This method enhances
pretraining efficiency and accelerates inference, even as the model
scales up. Within the MoE framework, each expert is a neural network,
typically a feed-forward network (FFN). A gate network, or router, directs
tokens to the appropriate expert. This specialization allows the model to
tackle a broader array of tasks with greater adeptness.

At the heart of DBRX is a transformer-based, decoder-only model. Such

models, known as auto-regressive models, exclusively utilize the
decoder component of a Transformer. They operate sequentially, with

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attention layers accessing only preceding words at each step. This

design is tailored for generating new text, rather than interpreting or
analyzing existing content.

DBRX’s architecture includes a dynamic pre-training curriculum that

innovatively varies the data mix during training. This strategy allows
each token to be processed effectively using the active 36 billion
parameters. The model has been fine-tuned to run on mlx platforms,
highlighting its versatility and advanced capabilities.

Performance Evaluation with Other Models

DBRX’s performance is noteworthy, excelling in various tasks and

benchmarks, and outshining both open and proprietary models.

source - https://www.databricks.com/blog/introducing-dbrx-new-state-art-open-llm

Open Model Comparisons Referencing Table above, DBRX Instruct

takes the lead in composite, programming, and mathematics

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benchmarks, including MMLU. It outpaces all models fine-tuned for chat

or instruction on these standard benchmarks. Notably, on the Hugging
Face Open LLM Leaderboard and Databricks Gauntlet, DBRX Instruct
achieves top scores. In programming and mathematics, DBRX Instruct’s
capabilities surpass those of other open models on benchmarks like
HumanEval and GSM8k, even eclipsing CodeLLaMA-70B Instruct, which
is tailored for programming tasks. For MMLU, DBRX Instruct’s scores
are unmatched.

source - https://www.databricks.com/blog/introducing-dbrx-new-state-art-open-llm

Table above shows Closed Model Comparisons , DBRX Instruct not only
exceeds GPT-3.5 but also rivals Gemini 1.0 Pro and Mistral Medium. It
demonstrates superior performance in general knowledge (MMLU),
commonsense reasoning (HellaSwag and WinoGrande), and excels in
programming and mathematical reasoning (HumanEval and GSM8k).
DBRX Instruct contends with Gemini 1.0 Pro and Mistral Medium,

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scoring higher in Inflection Corrected MTBench, MMLU, HellaSwag, and

HumanEval.

DBRX Instruct outperforms GPT-3.5 Turbo across all context lengths

and sequences in long-context benchmarks. In RAG tasks, DBRX
Instruct holds its ground against open models like Mixtral Instruct and
LLaMA2-70B Chat, as well as the latest GPT-3.5 Turbo.

For inference efficiency, DBRX’s throughput is 2-3 times greater than

that of a 132B non-MoE model. With higher quality than LLaMA2-70B
and about half the active parameters, DBRX’s inference speed is nearly
double.

A Comparative Analysis with Leading LLMs

When we compare DBRX with models such as LLaMA2-70B, Mixtral

Instruct, and Grok-1, it becomes evident that DBRX has several
distinguishing features:

DBRX is constructed with a fine-grained MoE architecture. This

innovative design enables it to perform inference operations up to twice
as quickly as earlier models like LLaMA2-70B and Grok-1. In contrast,
Mixtral Instruct also utilizes a MoE architecture, but it may not be as
fine-grained as DBRX.

DBRX boasts a total of 132 billion parameters, marking its significance in

the LLM arena. However, it’s the model’s strategic operation activating
only 36 billion parameters for each input that truly differentiates it,
ensuring both manageability and efficiency. This selective activation of
parameters is a distinctive characteristic not observed in other models,
including Mixtral Instruct, which effectively utilizes about 45 billion
parameters.

The training of DBRX is comprehensive, encompassing 12 trillion tokens

of text and code data. This extensive training empowers DBRX with the

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versatility to effectively perform a vast array of tasks. The breadth of this

training dataset is a detail not specified for other models, including
Mixtral Instruct.

So, the unique features and capabilities of DBRX position it as a

formidable tool for a multitude of applications across various industries.
Its efficient MoE architecture, substantial parameter count, and broad
training data distinguish it from other models. This makes it a valuable
resource for decision-making, content creation, development processes,
and industry applications.

How to Access and Use the DBRX Model?

The model is available on multiple platforms, ensuring its wide

accessibility and ease of use.

The weights of the base model, known as DBRX Base, and the fine
tuned model, referred to as DBRX Instruct, are hosted on Hugging Face.
This platform is renowned for its extensive collection of pre-trained
models, making it a go-to resource for machine learning enthusiasts and
professionals alike.

In addition to Hugging Face, the DBRX model repository is also available

on GitHub. This platform allows users to delve into the model’s code,
offering a deeper understanding of its workings and facilitating potential
customizations.

For Databricks customers, DBRX Base and DBRX Instruct are

conveniently available via APIs through the Databricks Foundation
Model APIs. This not only provides easy access but also allows users to
build custom models on private data, thereby ensuring data governance
and security.

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Limitations and Future Work

While DBRX has made significant strides in the field of machine

learning, it is important to acknowledge its limitations and the potential
for future enhancements.

● DBRX may produce inaccurate responses due to its training

process.
● Depending on the use case, fine-tuning of DBRX might be required
for optimal results.
● Access to the model is restricted and granted upon request, which
may limit its widespread adoption.

Future work includes enhancing the model’s performance, scalability,

and usability across various applications and use cases.

Conclusion

DBRX is a significant advancement in the field of Large Language

Models. Its unique features and capabilities make it a powerful tool for a
wide range of applications across various industries. However, like any
model, it has its limitations and areas for future work. As an open-source
model, DBRX provides a platform for continuous improvement and
innovation in the field of AI.

Source
Blog Website: https://www.databricks.com/blog/introducing-dbrx-new-state-art-open-llm
Weights: https://huggingface.co/databricks/dbrx-base
GitHub Repo: https://github.com/databricks/dbrx

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