Cs3591 Computer Ne: Unit I Introduction and Applica

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CS3591 COMPUTER NE
UNIT I
INTRODUCTION AND APPLICA

Page 1 of 69
Data Communication - Networks -
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4/6/24, 2:09 PM CN UNIT-1 Networks, OSI and TCP IP Model.ppt - CS3591 COMPUTER NETWORKS UNIT I INTRODUCTION AND APPLICATIO…
MIME)
HTTP - DNS
Protocol FTP --SNMP
Email
Layering protocols
- TCP/IP (SMT
Protocol
Introduction to Sockets - Applicati
DATA COMMUNICATIONS
 Data refers to information. Teleco

communication at a distance.
 Data communications are the excha
1's) between two devices via some
medium such as a wire cable.
Characteristics of a data communications sy

Characteristics of a data communications sy
 Delivery
 Accuracy
 Timeliness
Components of a data communications syst
• Message
• Sender
• Receiver
• Medium
• Protocol
NETWORKS
• A network is a set of devices or nodes conn

links
• A node can be a computer, printer, or any
sending or receiving data generated by other
• A link can be a cable, air, optical fiber, or
transport a signal carrying information.
• Computer
C network is a group of interconne
devices that exchange data and resources wi
connection between these devices can be e
wireless media.
NETWORKS
Network Criteria
 Performance:
Performance can be measured by Transit time and
• Transit time is amount required for a message to tr
• Response time is the elapsed time between an En
Performance can be measured by
 Number of Users
 Type of Transmission media
 Hardware and Software
Network Criteria
 Reliability:
Failure rate of network components. Measured by
• Catastrope-Natural
Frequencytime
Recovery of aof
Failure
a Network
Disorders
after
likeafir
fa
 Security
Availability/robustness
Data protection against corruption/loss of data du
• Unauthorised Access
• Viruses or Malicious users
Physical Structures
Line Configuration or Type of Connection
It refers to attachment of communication devices t
Types of Line Configuration

 Point to Point configuration


 More
multiple
than
dedicatedrecipients
twobetween
link specific
of single
devices
two transmissio
shareand
devices as
 single transmitter and receiver

 Multipoint configuration
Types of connections: point-to-point and mu
Transmission Mode
It defines the direction of information flo
devices. Types of Transmission Mode:
 Simplex: Keyboard gets the input and Monito
 Communication is Unidirectional
 Only one device can transmit and other ca
 Half-duplex: Walkie-Talkie
 Communication is Bi-directional
 Each device can both transmit and receive

Full-duplex: Telephone network
 Communication is Bi-directional
 Each device can both transmit and receive
time
time
Data flow (simplex, half-duplex, and full-du
TOPOLOGY
Topology is defined as the Physical o

of links in a network.
Categories of Topology
• Mesh
• Star
• Bus
• Tree
• Ring
Type of transmission - unicast, mulitcast, broad
Mesh Topology:
Every device has a dedicated point to point lin

devices
A fully connected mesh topology (five
Star Topology
Each Device has dedicated point to point link

controller called hub
A star topology connecting four s
Bus Topology
It is a multi point configuration. One

backbone to link all the devices.
A bus topology connecting three s
Ring Topology
Each device has dedicted point to point line

two devices on either side of it. Signal is passed along
Each device has repeater which strengthens the data
A ring topology connecting six st
Tree Topology
Tree topology is a network topology
are directly or indirectly connected to the ma
topology is a combination of Bus and Star to
Figure A hybrid topology: a star backbone with thr
Categories of Networks
 Local Area Networks (LANs)
 Metropolitan Area Networks (MANs)
 Wide Area Networks (WANs)
 Personal Area Networks (PANs)
Local Area Networks (LANs)

•Short
Designed
distances
to provide
within local
Building,
interconnectiv
Office, C
Metropolitan Area Networks (MANs)
Provide connectivity over an entire city

Example:
• Cable Television network and Local Teleph
Personal Area Networks (PANs)
Network range within a person's range with
Example:
• Bluetooth, Wifi (Wireless PAN)
• USB (Wired PAN)
4/6/24, 2:09 PM
USB (Wired PAN)
CN UNIT-1 Networks, OSI and TCP IP Model.ppt - CS3591 COMPUTER NETWORKS UNIT I INTRODUCTION AND APPLICATIO…
Wide Area Networks (WANs)
WANs provides long distance transmission of dat

video over large geographical area
Long distances with country or continent or over
Figure WANs: a switched WAN and a point-to-poi
PROTOCOLS
A protocol is a set of rules

communications. It determines
what is communicated,
how it is communicated and
when it is communicated.
The key elements of a protocol are:
Syntax
Semantics
Timing
Elements of a Protocol
 Syntax
 Structure or format of data, meaning the order in which
 Semantics
 Interprets the meaning of the bits
 what action is to be taken
 Timing
 When data should be sent and
 How fast data should be sent or speed at which it is bein
FigureLAYERING
PROTOCOL Tasks involved in send
THE OSI MODEL
• OSI is Open Systems Interconnection

• OSI Model is an ISO standard that
• Established
in 1947,communications
network ISO
by ISO
is (International
a multinational Sta
worldwide agreement on international
internationa
ISO is the standard organ

OSI is the model.
LAYERS IN THE OSI MODEL
1. Physical Layer
2. Data Link Layer
3. Network Layer
4. Transport Layer
4. Transport Layer
7. Application Layer Figure Seve

5. Session Layer
P lease Do Not T ell Secret P asswo
6. Presentation Layer
Interaction between layers in the OSI m
Interaction between layers in the OSI model
Figure An exchange using the OSI model
Functions of Physical layer
• Physical Characteristics of interfaces and M

Transmission Media
• Bit Representation - 0's and 1's
• Data rate - Number of bits transmitted per s
• Synchronization of Bits - Sender and receiv
Synchronized
• Line Configuration - Point to point and Mu
• Physical Topology - Bus, Ring, Star, Tree,
• Transmission Mode - Simplex, Full Duplex
Figure Physical layer

The physical layer is responsible f

individual bits from one hop (no
Functions of Datalink layer
The Datalink layer is responsible for

• Framing
•• Physical
• units Addressing
called
Process
Flow Control Frames
- 48
of-converting
node to bit Physical
stream
node ad
of bits
delivery
• Error Control - node to node delivery of
• Access Control - Controlling which dev
link at a given time
Figure Data link layer
Theframes
data link
from
layer
oneishop
responsible
(node) tofor
them
Figure Hop-to-hop delivery
Functions of Network layer and Transport La
The Network layer is responsible for

• Logical Addressing - IP addressing
• Routing - Internetwork connecting devices s
gateways route the packets to Final Destinat
The Transport layer is responsible for
• Service Point Addressing - Port address
• Segmentation and Reassembly - Message is
each segments contain segment number
• Connection Control - Connection Oriented
• Flow Control - End to End rather than acros

• Error Control - End to End rather than acros
Figure Network layer
Network layer is responsible for

delivery of individual packets fr
the source host to the destination h
Figure Transport layer
The transport layer is responsible for the d

of a message from one process to anot
Figure Source-to-destination delivery

Figure Reliable process-to-process delivery
Functions of Session layer and Presentation L
The Session layer is responsible for

•Dialog control - Half Duplex ( One way at a t
(Two ways at a time)
•Synchronization - Adding Check points (Syn
•the
Translation
Encryption-
Compression
Stream of-Converting
-Messages
Reducinginto
Data Original
theBitstreams
number
Message(Pla
of bits t
The Presentation layer is responsible for
Figure Session layer
The session layer is responsible for

control and synchronization
Figure Presentation layer
The presentation layer is responsibl

compression, and encryp
Functions of Application Layer
The Application layer is responsible for

•Network Virtual Terminal - allows user to log
•FTAM - File Transfer Access and Manageme
•Mail Services - Email Forwarding and Storag
•Directory Services - Distributed Data Sources
information
Figure Application layer
The application layer is responsibl

providing services to the use
Functions of OSI layers
TCP/IP PROTOCOL SUITE
TCP/IP protocol suite is made of five la

1.Physical Layer
Network inte
int
2
2.
3.Data
4.
5. Linkor
Network
Transport Layer
Application Layer
Internet Layer Lay
+
+
Peer-to-peer processes
An exchange using the Interne
Physical layer
Physical layer is responsible for

individual bits from one node
Data link layer
Data link layer is responsible for transmi

one node to next
Node-to-node delivery
Network Layer
Network layer is responsible for the deli

the original source to the final d
Source-to-destination deliver
Transport layer
Transport layer is responsible for delivery of a message

Reliable process-to-process delivery of
Summary of TCP/IP MODE
TCP/IP PROTOCOL SUITE
TCP/IP and OSI model
ADDRESSING
ADDRESSING IN
IN TCP/IP
TCP/IP
Four levels of addresses are used in an inte

protocols:
Physical Addresses
Logical Addresses
Port Addresses
Specific Addresses
P hysical addresses will change from

but the logical addresses usually rem
Figure Relationship of layers and addresses

Physical address
Physical addresses is a 48-bit (6-byte) a

hexadecimal digits; every byte (2 hexadecim
by a colon, shown below:
by a colon, shown below:
07:01:02:01:2C:4B
IPv4 Address
An IPv4 address is a 32-bit addres

defines the connection of a device (com
to the Internet.
The
Address
IPv4
Anaddresses
space
IPv4 address
is divided
are unique
is 32
intobits
and
five
l
A, B, C, D, and E .
Port address
A port address is a 16-bit address r

decimal number
753, 8080, 80, 21, 25, 5

A 16-bit port address represented as o
Physical addresses change from hop to

L i l
https://www.collegesidekick.com/study-docs/3415447
d P dd i 56/62
Logical and Port addresses remain t

source to destination.
Figure Port addresses
SOCKET ADDRESS
• Sockets facilitate communication between two compu
• Socket consists of IP address and port number that m
data
Socket types
•Datagram Sockets:
• It allow processes to use the
User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
• Stream Sockets:
• It allows processes to use
Transfer Control Protocol
(TCP) for communication
• Raw Sockets:
• It provide user access to
Internet Control Message
Protocol (ICMP)
Multiplexing and demultiplexing
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4/6/24, 2:09 PM CN UNIT-1 Networks, OSI and TCP IP Model.

ppt - CS3591 COMPUTER NETWORKS UNIT I INTRODUCTION AND APPLICATIO…

Home / Computer Science

INTRODUCTION AND APPLICA

 Data refers to information. Teleco

Characteristics of a data communications sy

Components of a data communications syst

• A network is a set of devices or nodes conn

Types of Line Configuration

 single transmitter and receiver

Types of connections: point-to-point and mu

 Each device can both transmit and receive

 Each device can both transmit and receive

Data flow (simplex, half-duplex, and full-du

Topology is defined as the Physical o

Every device has a dedicated point to point lin

A fully connected mesh topology (five

Each Device has dedicated point to point link

A star topology connecting four s

It is a multi point configuration. One

A bus topology connecting three s

Each device has dedicted point to point line

A ring topology connecting six st

Figure A hybrid topology: a star backbone with thr

Local Area Networks (LANs)

Metropolitan Area Networks (MANs)

Provide connectivity over an entire city

• Cable Television network and Local Teleph

Personal Area Networks (PANs)

Network range within a person's range with

Wide Area Networks (WANs)

WANs provides long distance transmission of dat

Figure WANs: a switched WAN and a point-to-poi

A protocol is a set of rules

THE OSI MODEL

• OSI is Open Systems Interconnection

ISO is the standard organ

LAYERS IN THE OSI MODEL

7. Application Layer Figure Seve

Interaction between layers in the OSI m

Interaction between layers in the OSI model

Figure An exchange using the OSI model

Functions of Physical layer

• Physical Characteristics of interfaces and M

Figure Physical layer

The physical layer is responsible f

Functions of Datalink layer

The Datalink layer is responsible for

Figure Data link layer

Figure Hop-to-hop delivery

Functions of Network layer and Transport La

The Network layer is responsible for

• Flow Control - End to End rather than acros

Figure Network layer

Network layer is responsible for

Figure Transport layer

The transport layer is responsible for the d

Figure Source-to-destination delivery