Chapter IV: Political-Legal Perspective in Gender and Sexuality

a. Gender-based Violence: Survivor, Victim, Perpetrator, and Human Rights

In this chapter, we will delve into the intricate dynamics of gender-based violence (GBV) and its
implications from a political and legal standpoint.

1. GBV

Gender-based violence refers to any harmful act that is perpetrated against an individual's will
and is based on their gender identity or perceived gender roles. It encompasses a wide range of
behaviors including physical, sexual, psychological, and economic abuse.

2. Consequences of GBV

The consequences of GBV are far-reaching and can have profound effects on the physical,
mental, and emotional well-being of survivors. These may include physical injuries, trauma,
depression, low self-esteem, and economic instability.

3. Survivor, Victim, and Perpetrator

- Survivor: Individuals who have experienced GBV and have managed to overcome the trauma
associated with it.
- Victim: Individuals who are currently experiencing or have experienced GBV but may still be in
a vulnerable position.
- Perpetrator: Individuals who commit acts of GBV, exerting power and control over others
based on their gender.

4. Human Rights

GBV is not only a social issue but also a violation of human rights. Everyone has the right to live
free from violence and discrimination based on their gender. Recognizing GBV as a human
rights issue emphasizes the responsibility of governments and societies to address and prevent
such violence.

Objectives

- Understand the various forms and consequences of GBV.

- Recognize GBV as a violation of human rights.
- Explore the relationship between human rights and GBV.
- Distinguish between the roles of perpetrators, survivors, and victims in GBV situations.

By exploring these concepts, we aim to deepen our understanding of GBV and its implications
within the framework of human rights and gender equality.
—————————————————————————
As a college student, understanding the concept of gender-based violence (GBV) as a violation
of human rights is crucial for several reasons:

1. Awareness and Advocacy:

By understanding GBV as a human rights violation, you can become an advocate for change
within your college community and beyond. You can raise awareness about GBV, support
survivors, and work towards creating a safer and more inclusive campus environment.

2. Educational Opportunities:

Learning about GBV from a human rights perspective provides valuable educational
opportunities to delve into the root causes of violence, societal norms, and power dynamics.
This knowledge can inform your studies in various fields, such as sociology, gender studies, law,
or public health.

3. Personal Growth and Empowerment:

Understanding GBV empowers you to recognize and challenge harmful behaviors and attitudes
in your own life and relationships. It equips you with the knowledge and tools to advocate for
yourself and others, promoting healthier and more respectful interactions.

4. Professional Development:

In many fields, including social work, counseling, law enforcement, healthcare, and education,
addressing GBV is a critical aspect of the job. Understanding GBV as a human rights violation
can enhance your skills and readiness to address these issues in your future career.

5. Contributing to Social Change:

As a college student, you have the potential to contribute to broader social change by
challenging gender norms, advocating for policy reforms, and supporting organizations and
initiatives working to end GBV. Understanding GBV from a human rights perspective positions
you as an agent of positive change in society.

Overall, recognizing GBV as a violation of human rights is not only essential for personal growth
and empowerment but also for contributing to a more just and equitable world.

—————————————————————————

One example of gender-based violence (GBV) as a violation of human rights is domestic

violence. Domestic violence often involves intimate partners, family members, or household
members exerting control and power over another through various forms of abuse, such as
physical, sexual, emotional, or economic abuse.

This violates several fundamental human rights, including:

1. Right to life, liberty, and security of person:

Victims of domestic violence are often subjected to threats, intimidation, and physical harm,
infringing upon their right to live free from violence and fear.

2. Right to freedom from torture and cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment:

The physical and psychological abuse endured by victims of domestic violence constitutes
torture and cruel treatment, violating their right to be free from such treatment.

3. Right to equality and non-discrimination:

Domestic violence is often rooted in unequal power dynamics between genders, with women
and marginalized groups disproportionately affected. This violates the right to equality and
non-discrimination based on gender.

4. Right to privacy and family life:

Domestic violence can disrupt a person's right to privacy and disrupt family life through invasion
of personal space, control tactics, and manipulation.

By recognizing domestic violence as a violation of these fundamental human rights, it

underscores the importance of addressing GBV not only as a social issue but also as a matter
of legal and moral obligation to uphold human dignity and equality.