Shock can result in a response such as in 2013.

Other examples include the Charlie Hebdo bombings in 2015 or the election of Donald Trump in
2017.
Due to the age of the Internet, there is a fast spread of information.

Live Webinar:
The three presidential candidates all acknowledged issues faced, just that all in different POVs.
Climate of crisis vs crisis: Things that happen at a much larger scale (crisis). However, in Klein’s
book, what happens when we live during many crises? How do we decide what is a crisis and what
isn’t?
It is becoming harder to decide what is or isn’t a crisis. So now we ask who considers it a crisis? For
whom is it a crisis? Why is it a crisis in the first place?
In India, due to water shortage people cannot drink water or even water plants, this affects their
agricultural industry.
The India case differentiates the scale of a crisis between places.

Recognizing whose crisis this is informs our solutions on how to end this crisis and helps us frame our
questioning to address the deeper roots of the crisis. For example, in a drug addiction: address social
economic inequality? Address and improve the education system to deal with the problem?
Why are governments the ones we refer to? We think of them as having information that we don’t
have. They also have a lot of power in issuing statements.
However, people can also use social media, to reach out and send messages to others (like Facebook
and Instagram). Influencers use them to fulfill this purpose also.
We should also consider what the state is telling us and question what they say. Like what was
mentioned in Lecture 3, questioning is endless.
In a system, there are inputs and outputs. A crisis results when there is a change, failure or instability
in the system.
E.g., in Singapore housing is a hot-button issue as it is basically their wealth, more than a roof over
their head.
Many factors (input) influence demand for housing, and the output means the actual product
(availability, value of houses) will be affected.
E.g., if there is a shortage of construction companies or workers, probably due to a change in the
policies of overseas countries, this impacts how quickly they can be built, leading to a rise in prices.
People are affected as it will be more difficult for them to own homes.
Example, Trump in 2016 and Brexit in 2017: a possible populist crisis. Worry that an injection of
these populist ideas/beliefs/misinformation has affected the policy process such that the output
policies will negatively affect the state and the people.
Question: Will more populist governments around the world lead to a rise in dictatorships due to the
instability? Like how the 1933 Great Depression was the golden opportunity for Hitler to take over
Germany.
Populism could be a symptom or something that could solve an issue.
Challenges to achieving alternative vision:
Thinking of that alternative vision is difficult.
E.g., wildlife experts in Africa, however this led to people being kicked off their own lands.
You need people to work with you, typically you cannot work alone. Convincing people and working
through the fissures.
Example, even if people agree with minimum wage policies, the question is what the minimum wage
is. Or the LGBTQ community will also have tensions which arises from different experiences.