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CS individual assignment_dev anand sin

gh_e177.docx

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Jan 25, 2024 12:41 PM GMT+5:30 Jan 25, 2024 12:41 PM GMT+5:30

7% Overall Similarity
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3% Internet database 1% Publications database
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5% Submitted Works database

Summary
 ARTICLE ON “CREATING SUSTAINABLE WORLD”
TOPIC- “CLIMATE CHANGE”

SUBMITTED TO:
Dr. Umakanta Nayak

SUBMITTED BY: -

NAME ROLL NO. SAP ID

Dev Anand Singh E177 80012300664
I. Introduction

India is a land of immense diversity and vibrant life. It is facing the brunt of climate change. Its
vast landscapes, from the soaring Himalayas to the tropical rainforests and sun-drenched
Thar Desert, all are experiencing alterations due to a global warming. Here's a glimpse of the
situation:

Rising Temperatures:

 India's average temperature has already risen by 0.5°C since the 1950s, and
projections show a further increase of 1.5-2°C by 2050. This translates to more intense
heatwaves, scorching summers, and disrupted weather patterns.

Monsoon Woes:

 The Inconsistent Rains destroy Indian agriculture. Some regions face devastating
floods, while others with prolonged droughts, leaving farmers and ecosystems in
distress.

Melting Glaciers:

 The majestic Himalayan glaciers, the source of major rivers like the Ganges and
Indus, are melting at an alarming rate. This is a threat to water security of millions
living the northern plains, impacting agriculture, hydropower, and ecosystems.

Sea Level Rise:

 India's vast coastline is susceptible to rising sea levels, leading to coastal soil erosion,
salinization of freshwater sources, and thus displacement of native communities.

II. Social Issue Analysis

A. Identification of the social issues caused by climate change in India:

 Food Security and Livelihoods:

Higher food prices due unpredictable rainfall patterns and prolonged droughts
threaten agricultural productivity, impacting the livelihoods of millions of farmers who
depend on rain-fed agriculture. This leads to food insecurity, poverty, and forced
migration.

 Crop Yield Decline:

Heat stress, water scarcity, and pests are reducing crop yields, leading to higher food
prices which in turn leads to other social issues like malnutrition.

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  Water Scarcity and Conflict:

Unpredictable Water Sources: Melting glaciers, variable rainfall, and groundwater

depletion are causing severe water scarcity in many regions, leading to competition
and conflict over limited water resources.
Saline Intrusion: Rising sea levels are causing saltwater intrusion into coastal
freshwater sources, impacting drinking water supplies and agriculture.

 Health Impacts:

Heatwaves and Heat Stress: Increasingly frequent and intense heatwaves pose a major
health risk, particularly for vulnerable children, elderly, and people with pre-existing
health conditions.
Spread of Water-borne Diseases: Rapid regulating temperatures and rainfall patterns
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are creating conditions resulting in spread of water-borne diseases like malaria,
dengue, and chikungunya.

B. Extent of the problem

 Rising temperatures: Average annual temperature increase risen by 0.5°C since the
1950s, and projections show a further increase of 1.5-2°C by 2050.
 Extreme weather events: 10% decrease in monsoon rainfall leading to a 5-10% decline
in rice yield is based on the study's simulations and analysis.
 Impact on agriculture: 4%-5% destruction in wheat produce and 3%-4% in rice yield
for a 1°C increase in temperature is based on various studies and models mentioned
in the report.
 Water Scarcity: 15-20% reduction in irrigation water availability by 2050.

C. Root causes of the problem

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1. High dependence on fossil fuels - India is the world's 2nd-largest consumer of coal and
4th-largest consumer of oil, making it heavily reliant on fossil fuels for its energy needs.

This leads to further issues like -

 Air pollution: due to Releases greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide causing respiratory
problems and other health issues.
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 Energy Security: India relies heavily on imports for its oil and gas needs, making it
vulnerable to price fluctuations and geopolitical instability.

2. Deforestation and land-use changes

India's forest cover of 17,200 sq km forest cover loss and deforestation rates is 1.2%.

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3. Industrial emissions, particularly in major cities like Delhi

D. Impact of Businesses on Key Stakeholders

 Air Quality Index (AQI) in Delhi: The industrial emissions in major Indian cities,
especially Delhi, contribute significantly to poor air quality. According to data, Delhi
3
often experiences high levels of particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), nitrogen
dioxide (NO2), and sulphur dioxide (SO2).
 Health Impacts: Residents in cities with high industrial emissions face health risks such
as respiratory illnesses, cardiovascular diseases, and increased mortality rates. This not
only affects the general population but also the workforce, leading to increased
healthcare costs for businesses.
 Economic Costs: Poor air quality resulting from industrial emissions can have economic
ramifications, including increased healthcare expenses and decreased worker
productivity due to illnesses.

1. Infrastructure risks due to extreme weather events

 Heatwaves: Rising temperatures and heat stress impacts energy grids, leading to
power outages and disruptions in cooling systems.
 Heavy rainfall and floods: Intense rainfall can overwhelm drainage systems, causing
flooding of streets, buildings, and critical infrastructure. This can also lead to
contamination of water supplies and landslides.
 Storms and windstorms: High winds can damage power lines, buildings, and
transportation infrastructure.

2. Supply chain disruptions for industries relying on natural resources

Mining and energy –

 Heavy rainfall and landslides: These disrupt mining operations and transportation of
mined materials, affecting industries like steel, cement, and construction.

Forestry and fisheries -

 Deforestation and wildfires: Rising temperatures and droughts increase the risk of
wildfires, destroying timber resources and impacting wood-based industries like
furniture and paper.
 Changes in ocean ecosystems: Ocean warming and acidification affect fish populations
and migration patterns, disrupting the supply of fish and seafood for the fishing and
food processing industries.

III. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and Government Programs in India

A. Identification of relevant SDGs

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SDG 13: Climate Action - Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts.

 Objectives: Cut greenhouse gas emissions worldwide:

 By 2050, achieve net zero emissions.

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  Developed nations: Cut emissions drastically by 2030.
 Develop resilience and make adjustments for climate-related risks:
 bolster preparedness for disasters and early warning systems.
 strengthen the communities that are most at risk of not adapting.
 Include climate change mitigation strategies in national planning and policies:
 Create action plans and strategies related to climate change.
 Make investments in sustainable infrastructure and clean energy.
 Increase knowledge and instruction on climate change:
 Encourage public awareness and involvement in climate action.
 Include instruction on climate change in curricula.
 Raise money for climate change
 Asking developed nations to provide developing nations financial assistance.
 Put money into both governmental and private climate funds.

B. Description of a government program

1. Example: National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC)

- Focus on renewable energy, sustainable agriculture, and water management:
The NAPCC emphasizes the integration of climate change considerations into
development policies and programs. India has made significant strides in
implementing these missions, but challenges remain, including resource constraints,
technological barriers, and the need for effective policy coordination. As climate
change continues to pose a threat to India's socio-economic fabric, the NAPCC plays a
crucial role in guiding the nation towards sustainable and climate-resilient
development.

C. Gaps in Government Programs in India

1. Limited funding allocation

2. Challenges in implementation at the grassroots level
3. Need for more inclusive policies considering regional variations

Limited Funding Allocation: One significant gap in government programs in India is the often
limited allocation of funds to address various issues. Climate change mitigation and
adaptation require substantial financial resources, and inadequate funding can impede the
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effective implementation of initiatives outlined in the National Action Plan on Climate Change
(NAPCC). Limited financial support may hinder the development and deployment of
sustainable technologies, the promotion of renewable energy sources, and other crucial
measures to combat climate change.

Challenges in Implementation at the Grassroots Level: The success of climate change

initiatives heavily depends on their effective implementation at the grassroots level. However,
there are often challenges related to capacity building, awareness, and local engagement. In
many cases, communities may lack the necessary knowledge and resources to implement
sustainable practices or adapt to changing climate conditions. Strengthening the capacity of
local bodies, providing training, and ensuring community participation are crucial steps to
bridge this gap and make climate programs more impactful.

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Need for More Inclusive Policies Considering Regional Variations: India is characterized by
diverse geographical, climatic, and socio-economic conditions. The impact of climate change
varies across regions, and a one-size-fits-all approach may not be effective. There is a need for
more inclusive policies that consider regional variations in vulnerability, adaptation needs, and
available resources. Tailoring climate change programs to suit the unique challenges of
different states and regions ensures that interventions are contextually relevant and can
address the specific issues faced by communities in diverse environments.

IV. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Contributions by Indian Companies

A. Overview of CSR contributions in India

Mandatory CSR spending as per Indian Companies Act:

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The Indian Companies Act mandates that companies meeting certain criteria must allocate a
percentage of their profits towards Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) initiatives.
This ensures that businesses actively contribute to social and environmental causes.

B. Examples of Indian companies addressing climate change

1
 Tata Group's investments in renewable energy projects:
1
Tata Power, a subsidiary of the Tata Group, has made substantial investments in
renewable energy projects, including solar and wind power.
1
This reflects a commitment to reducing carbon emissions and promoting sustainable
energy sources.
 Infosys' commitment to carbon neutrality by a certain year:
1
Infosys, a leading IT services company, has set a goal to achieve carbon neutrality by a
specific year.
The company is implementing various measures such as energy-efficient
infrastructure, renewable energy adoption, and carbon offset initiatives.

C. Evaluation of CSR efforts in India

 Impact on local communities and environment:

Many CSR initiatives in India focus on upliftment programs for marginalized
communities, education, healthcare, and environmental conservation.
Positive impacts include improved living conditions, enhanced education facilities, and
sustainable environmental practices.
 Integration of sustainability into core business practices:
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Some Indian companies have integrated sustainability into their core business
strategies, going beyond mere philanthropy.
7
This involves incorporating eco-friendly practices, ethical sourcing, and responsible
production methods, contributing to a holistic CSR approach.

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V. Recommendations for India

A. Government

 Increase budgetary allocation for climate change initiatives:

Allocate more financial resources to support and implement climate change mitigation
and adaptation projects.
 Strengthen regulatory frameworks for industries:
Enforce and enhance regulations to compel industries to adopt sustainable practices
and reduce their environmental impact.
 Enhance awareness and education on climate change mitigation:
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Implement widespread educational programs to raise awareness about climate
change and promote sustainable behaviours in the general population.

B. Corporations

 Invest in sustainable and clean technologies:

Encourage corporations to allocate funds for research and development of sustainable
technologies, promoting a shift towards cleaner and greener practices.
 Collaborate with local communities for impactful CSR projects:
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Foster partnerships with local communities to ensure that Corporate Social
Responsibility (CSR) initiatives address community needs and contribute to sustainable
development.
 Emphasize transparent reporting on CSR initiatives:
Implement transparent reporting mechanisms for CSR activities, ensuring
accountability and providing stakeholders with clear insights into the impact of
corporate initiatives on climate change and social responsibility.

VI. Conclusion

A. Summary of the climate change scenario in India:

India is experiencing the adverse effects of climate change, with rising temperatures,
inconsistent rainfall, melting glaciers in the Himalayas, and a vulnerable coastline facing sea-
level rise. These changes pose significant threats to various sectors, including agriculture,
water security, and public health. Social issues such as food insecurity, water scarcity, and
health impacts are on the rise, impacting livelihoods and exacerbating poverty. The root
causes include high dependence on fossil fuels, deforestation, and industrial emissions,
contributing to environmental degradation and extreme weather events.

B. Emphasis on the collective responsibility of the government and corporations in

addressing the issue:

The complex challenges posed by climate change demand a collaborative effort from both the
government and corporations in India. The government should prioritize climate change
initiatives by increasing budgetary allocations, strengthening regulatory frameworks, and

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enhancing awareness and education on climate change mitigation. Corporations, in turn, are
urged to invest in sustainable technologies, collaborate with local communities for impactful
CSR projects, and ensure transparent reporting on their sustainability initiatives. Recognizing
the interdependence of these entities is crucial to achieving meaningful progress in addressing
the climate crisis and fostering sustainable development in the country.

References

 World Bank (2018): "A Guide to the Climate Change Country Diagnostic: India"
 Indian Institute of Technology (2020): "Impact of Climate Change on Rice Yield in India"
 World Bank (2018): "A Guide to the Climate Change Country Diagnostic: India"
 International Water Management Institute (2019): "Water Use in Agriculture under
Climate Change: Challenges and Opportunities for India"
2
 Forest Survey of India (FSI) State of Forest Report 2021

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 Similarity Report

7% Overall Similarity
Top sources found in the following databases:
3% Internet database 1% Publications database
Crossref database Crossref Posted Content database
5% Submitted Works database

TOP SOURCES
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displayed.

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1 2%
Submitted works

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2 <1%
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3 <1%
Internet

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4 <1%
Internet

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5 <1%
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6 <1%
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7 <1%
Internet

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8 <1%
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 Similarity Report

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9 <1%
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10 <1%
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11 <1%
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Internet

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