REVIEWER FOR OLYMPIAD IN ENGLISH 7

Participant: Erwin Dale Bernardo- 7 Genesis

Coach: Teacher Efrenella Roseanne Dumaya

Understanding Philippine Literature for a Deeper Appreciation of

Philippine Culture
Philippine literature is a rich and diverse tapestry that reflects the country's history, traditions, and culture.
By exploring various types of texts, students can gain a deeper appreciation of Philippine culture and
heritage.

One of the most well-known forms of Philippine literature is Folklore. These are traditional stories
passed down through generations that often feature mythical creatures, heroes, and moral lessons.
Examples include the legend of the Manananggal, a mythical creature that separates its upper torso from
its lower body to prey on humans, and the tale of Malakas and Maganda, the first man and woman in
Filipino mythology.

Poetry is another prominent genre in Philippine literature. Poems are often used to express emotions,
observations, and cultural insights. Haiku, a form of Japanese poetry, has also been embraced in the
Philippines. Haiku typically consists of three lines with a 5-7-5 syllable structure and captures moments
in nature or everyday life.

Short Stories are popular in Philippine literature for their ability to convey meaningful messages in a
concise format. Writers like Nick Joaquin and F. Sionil Jose have crafted compelling short stories that
explore various aspects of Philippine society and human nature. These stories often tackle themes such as
love, resilience, and social injustice.

Plays are an engaging form of literature that come to life on stage. Philippine theater has a rich history,
with playwrights like Severino Reyes and Wilfredo Ma. Guerrero creating impactful pieces that shed light
on Filipino identity and social issues. Watching a play can provide students with a unique perspective on
Philippine culture and storytelling.

By immersing themselves in these different types of texts, students can develop a deeper understanding of
Philippine literature and culture. Through folklore, poetry, short stories, and plays, they can explore the
nuances of Filipino identity, values, and traditions. This exploration helps foster a sense of pride and
appreciation for the rich literary heritage of the Philippines.

Understanding Different Types of Media Texts

In the world of media, there are various types of texts that serve different purposes and target different
audiences. From movie clips to documentaries, each form of media has its distinct features and
characteristics. This text will explore the different types of media texts, their genres, purposes, intended
audiences, and language features. It will also discuss the use of passive and active voice, past and past
perfect tenses, as well as direct and reported speech in media texts.

Types of Media Texts

Movie Clip: Movie clips are short segments extracted from films to entice viewers or provide a glimpse
into the movie's storyline. They often showcase the most thrilling or captivating scenes to generate
interest.

Trailer: Trailers are promotional materials used to advertise upcoming films or shows. They aim to
attract audiences by highlighting key moments and creating anticipation for the full release.

Newsflash: A newsflash is a brief and urgent news report that delivers important information to the
audience quickly. It is commonly used to announce breaking news or updates on significant events.

Internet-Based Program: Internet-based programs refer to shows or series that are exclusively available
online. They cater to a digital audience and often have interactive features or episodic formats.
Documentary: Documentaries are non-fiction films or videos that aim to educate or inform viewers
about real-life topics, events, or issues. They provide in-depth analysis and present factual information in
a compelling narrative.

Video: Videos encompass a wide range of visual content, from instructional guides to entertainment
clips. They are versatile in format and can be utilized for various purposes such as education, marketing,
or storytelling.

Purpose and Genre

Each type of media text serves a specific purpose and falls into a particular genre:

 Entertainment: Movie clips and trailers primarily serve the purpose of entertainment, aiming to
captivate audiences and generate interest in the film or show.
 Informational: Newsflashes and documentaries are informational texts that aim to educate viewers
about current events, real-life issues, or historical subjects.
 Promotional: Trailers and internet-based programs often have a promotional purpose, enticing
viewers to watch or engage with the full content.

Audience and Features

The intended audience for different media texts can vary widely:

 General Public: Movie clips and trailers target a broad audience, appealing to viewers of all ages and
interests.
 News Enthusiasts: Newsflashes cater to individuals seeking immediate updates and information on
current events.
 Educational Viewers: Documentaries target audiences interested in learning about specific topics in-
depth.
 Digital Consumers: Internet-based programs are designed for online audiences who prefer to
consume content via digital platforms.

Language Features

Media texts employ a variety of language features to engage audiences and convey information
effectively:

 Active Voice: The active voice is commonly used in media texts to emphasize the subject performing
the action and create a direct, engaging narrative.
 Passive Voice: The passive voice is employed to shift focus onto the object or recipient of the action,
creating a more formal or detached tone in certain contexts.
 Past Tense: Past tense is used to describe events or actions that have already occurred, providing a
sense of time and sequence in storytelling.
 Past Perfect Tense: The past perfect tense is utilized to indicate actions that were completed before
another past event, adding depth to the timeline of the narrative.
 Direct Speech: Direct speech is incorporated to quote speakers directly, capturing their exact words
and expressions within the text.
 Reported Speech: Reported speech conveys the essential meaning of a speaker's words without
quoting them verbatim, offering a summarized or paraphrased account of the original speech.

Understanding Direct and Indirect Speech, Active and Passive Voice

Direct and indirect speech, along with active and passive voice, are important concepts in the English
language that help us communicate information in different ways.

Direct Speech:
Direct speech is when we quote someone's exact words. For example, if someone says, "I love to read," in
direct speech, we write it within quotation marks like this: She said, “I love to read.”

Indirect Speech:
Indirect speech is when we report what someone else has said without quoting their exact words. Using
the same example as above, in indirect speech, it could be written as: She said that she loves to read.
Active Voice:
In active voice, the subject of the sentence performs the action. For instance, in the sentence "The cat
chased the mouse," the cat (subject) is performing the action of chasing the mouse.

Passive Voice:
In passive voice, the subject of the sentence receives the action. Using the same example as above, it
would be in passive voice as "The mouse was chased by the cat." Here, the mouse (subject) is receiving
the action of being chased.

Why Are They Important?

Understanding direct and indirect speech helps us accurately convey what someone else has said.
Knowing active and passive voice helps to change the focus of a sentence, making our writing more
versatile.

Examples:

Direct Speech:

 "I am going to the store," said Sarah.

 "We won the game," he exclaimed.

Indirect Speech:

 Sarah said that she was going to the store.

 He exclaimed that they had won the game.

Active Voice:

 The teacher assigned the homework.

 The chef baked a delicious cake.

Passive Voice:

 The homework was assigned by the teacher.

 A delicious cake was baked by the chef.

By practicing these concepts, we can improve our writing skills and effectively communicate our ideas in
different ways.

Reading Strategies

When engaging with media texts, readers can employ various reading strategies based on their purpose:

 Scanning: Scanning involves quickly looking through a text to locate specific information or
keywords of interest.
 Skimming: Skimming is a rapid reading technique used to get an overview of the text's main ideas or
themes.
 Close Reading: Close reading requires readers to analyze the text in-depth, focusing on details,
language use, and underlying meanings.

By understanding the different types of media texts, their purposes, audience considerations, language
features, and reading strategies, individuals can effectively engage with and interpret various forms of
media in today's digital landscape.

Effective Listening Strategies for Understanding Short Texts

Listening is an essential skill that we use in our everyday lives. It allows us to gather information, learn
new things, and understand the world around us. When it comes to listening to short texts, such as
podcasts, speeches, or interviews, it's important to use effective strategies to fully comprehend the
material. By using listening strategies based on purpose, familiarity with the topic, and levels of
difficulty, we can improve our understanding and become more engaged listeners.
Purpose of Listening

Before listening to a short text, it's crucial to identify the purpose of why you are listening. Are you
listening for specific information, to gain an overview of a topic, or to enjoy a story? Understanding your
purpose will help you focus on what to listen for and make connections between the information
presented.

Familiarity with the Topic

Being familiar with the topic of the short text can greatly enhance your listening comprehension. If you
already have some background knowledge about the subject, you will be better equipped to understand
new information and fill in any gaps in your understanding. If the topic is unfamiliar, try to make
connections to things you do know or look up key terms to deepen your comprehension.

Levels of Difficulty

Short texts can vary in their levels of difficulty, from easy and straightforward to complex and
challenging. When listening to a short text, pay attention to clues such as the speaker's tone, vocabulary
used, and the organization of the information. Adjust your listening strategies based on the level of
difficulty – for example, you may need to listen more intently to grasp complex ideas or pause and rewind
to review certain sections.

In summary, using effective listening strategies based on purpose, familiarity with the topic, and levels of
difficulty can help you become a more successful listener when engaging with short texts. By actively
engaging with the material, making connections, and adjusting your approach as needed, you can improve
your listening comprehension skills and get the most out of the information presented to you.

How to Conduct a Guided Search Using a Search Engine

When conducting research on a particular topic, using a search engine effectively is key to finding
relevant and accurate information. Here are some steps to help you conduct a guided search using a
search engine:

1. Choose the Right Keywords: Start by identifying the main keywords related to your topic. Think
about the key terms that best describe what you are looking for.
2. Use Quotation Marks: If you are searching for a specific phrase, enclose the phrase in quotation
marks. This tells the search engine to look for the exact words in that order.
3. Utilize Filters: Many search engines offer filters that allow you to refine your search results. You can
filter by date, type of content, or even specific websites.
4. Check the Source: Always take a moment to evaluate the credibility of the sources you find. Look
for information from reputable websites, organizations, or experts in the field.
5. Be Specific: If your search results are too broad, try adding more keywords to make it more specific.
This can help narrow down the results to what you are looking for.
6. Explore Different Websites: Don't rely solely on the first few links that appear in your search
results. Explore different websites to gather a well-rounded understanding of your topic.
7. Take Notes: As you find relevant information, take notes on key points that you may want to include
in your research. Organize your notes to make it easier to refer back to them later.
8. Save Bookmarks: If you come across a particularly helpful website, consider bookmarking it for
future reference. This can save you time when you need to revisit the source.

By following these steps, you can conduct a guided search using a search engine more effectively and
efficiently. Remember to critically evaluate the information you find and always cross-reference
information from multiple sources to ensure accuracy.

Navigating Websites: Understanding Essential Features

When you visit a website, there are many things to explore and discover. Navigating a website means
moving around it to find the information you need. Understanding essential features like headings and
links can help you browse the web effectively.

Headings
Headings are like titles for different sections of a webpage. They help you understand what each part of
the page is about. Headings are usually organized hierarchically, with larger headings representing main
sections and smaller headings for subsections. By paying attention to headings, you can quickly scan a
webpage and locate the specific information you are looking for.

Links

Links are interactive elements on a webpage that can take you to another page, a different section of the
same page, or even download a file. They are usually highlighted in a different color or underlined. When
you click on a link, your browser will navigate to the linked location. It's important to make sure that the
links you click on are trustworthy and relevant to your search.

Navigation Menus

Navigation menus are like roadmaps that help you move around a website. They are usually located at the
top or side of a webpage and contain links to the main sections of the site. By using navigation menus,
you can easily jump from one page to another without getting lost.

Search Bar

The search bar is a handy tool that allows you to search for specific terms or topics on a website. Instead
of manually browsing through all the pages, you can simply type keywords into the search bar, and the
website will show you relevant results. This feature can save you time and help you find information
quickly.

Interactive Elements

Interactive elements like buttons, forms, and dropdown menus allow you to engage with the website.
Buttons can be clicked to perform an action, forms can be filled out to submit information, and dropdown
menus provide you with options to choose from. These elements make your browsing experience more
dynamic and personalized.

By understanding and using these essential features, you can navigate websites with ease and efficiently
find the information you are looking for. Next time you explore a webpage, pay attention to headings,
links, navigation menus, search bars, and interactive elements to make the most out of your online
experience.

The Art of Research: Gathering Information from Multiple Sources

Researching a topic is like solving a mystery - it involves digging deep, analyzing clues, and putting
together pieces of information to uncover the truth. When conducting research, it's crucial to gather
information from a variety of sources to ensure accuracy and reliability.

One of the most common sources of information is newspapers. Newspapers are a valuable resource as
they provide current news, expert opinions, and in-depth analysis of various topics. They can offer
different perspectives on an issue, helping researchers to form a well-rounded understanding.

Websites are another popular source of information for research. With the vast amount of information
available online, it's essential to evaluate the credibility of a website before using it as a source. Reliable
websites often end in .gov, .edu, or .org and cite their information sources.

In today's digital age, videos have become a prominent source of information. Platforms like YouTube
offer a wide range of educational videos, documentaries, and interviews that can enhance research
projects. Visual and auditory learners may find videos particularly helpful in grasping complex concepts.

Images can also play a crucial role in research. They say a picture is worth a thousand words, and visuals
can indeed convey information that words alone cannot. Photos, diagrams, charts, and infographics can
help illustrate key points and make the research more engaging.

For those who prefer listening, podcasts are an excellent source of information. Podcasts cover a wide
range of topics and often feature experts discussing their field of study. They can be a convenient way to
learn on the go while absorbing information through interviews and discussions.
Lastly, print-based materials such as books, magazines, and academic journals remain valuable sources
of information. While digital sources are more prevalent, print materials offer in-depth analysis, historical
context, and expert opinions that can enrich research projects.

In conclusion, conducting research with support from multiple sources is essential for gaining a
comprehensive understanding of a topic. By utilizing newspapers, websites, videos, images, podcasts, and
print-based materials, researchers can explore different perspectives, verify information, and present well-
rounded arguments. Remember, the key to successful research lies in gathering diverse sources and
critically analyzing the information to uncover the truth.

Understanding and Summarizing Key Information

When reading a text, it is essential to be able to summarize the key information. Summarizing helps us
remember important details and main ideas. Here are some steps to help you effectively summarize a text:

1. Identify the Main Idea: The main idea is the most important point the author is trying to make.
Look for topic sentences in paragraphs, headings, or repeated ideas throughout the text.
2. Find Supporting Details: Supporting details give more information about the main idea. They can
include examples, reasons, statistics, or explanations that help clarify the main point.
3. Highlight Key Words: Pay attention to keywords that are repeated or stand out in the text. These
words can help you understand the main idea and the author's purpose.
4. Paraphrase the Information: Put the main idea and supporting details in your own words. This
shows that you understand the text and can explain it in a clear and concise manner.
5. Remove Unnecessary Information: When summarizing, focus on the most relevant information.
Leave out minor details or examples that are not crucial to understanding the main idea.
6. Organize Your Summary: Start with a topic sentence that captures the main idea, then add
supporting details in a logical order. Your summary should be coherent and flow smoothly.
7. Check for Accuracy: Make sure your summary accurately reflects the main idea and key details of
the text. Avoid adding your opinions or interpretations; stick to the facts presented by the author.

Remember, summarizing is a valuable skill that can help you better comprehend what you read and retain
important information. Practice summarizing different types of texts to improve your understanding and
communication skills.

How to Create an Analogy

An analogy is a powerful tool that writers use to help readers understand a concept by comparing it to
something familiar. To create an analogy, follow these simple steps:

Step 1: Identify the Concept

The first step in creating an analogy is to clearly understand the concept you want to explain. Whether it's
a complex scientific idea or a philosophical argument, having a solid grasp of the concept is essential.

Step 2: Find a Familiar Comparison

Next, think about something familiar to your audience that you can compare the concept to. This could be
an everyday object, a popular movie, or a well-known story. The key is to choose something that your
readers will easily recognize.

Step 3: Highlight Similarities

Once you have identified your concept and the comparison, focus on the similarities between the two.
Think about specific attributes or characteristics that both the concept and the comparison share. These
similarities will form the basis of your analogy.

Step 4: Create the Analogy

Now it's time to put your analogy into words. Start by stating your concept clearly, then introduce the
comparison you have chosen. Use phrases like "is like" or "is similar to" to draw the connection between
the two. Be descriptive and vivid in your language to paint a clear picture for your readers.

Step 5: Explain the Connection

After presenting your analogy, take the time to explain how the comparison helps illuminate the original
concept. Point out specific parallels and explain how understanding one can lead to a better understanding
of the other.
Step 6: Revise and Refine
Finally, review your analogy to make sure it effectively conveys the concept you are trying to explain.
Make any necessary revisions to clarify your comparison and ensure that it enhances the reader's
understanding.

By following these steps, you can create analogies that engage your readers and help them grasp complex
ideas with ease. Practice crafting analogies regularly, and soon you'll master this valuable writing
technique.

Understanding Linear and Non-linear Texts

In the world of reading and writing, we often come across different types of texts - linear and non-linear.
Understanding the difference between the two can help us better comprehend information.

Linear texts follow a clear, sequential path from beginning to end. They are like a straight line, where one
point leads to the next in a logical order. Examples of linear texts include novels, textbooks, and articles.
When we read a linear text, we start at the beginning and move through the middle to reach the end,
following a specific order of events or information.

On the other hand, non-linear texts do not follow a fixed sequence. Instead of a straight line, they are like
a web, with connections and branches that can be explored in different ways. Non-linear texts include
things like maps, graphs, and interactive websites. When we interact with a non-linear text, we might
jump between sections, click on links, or go back and forth to explore different parts.

Transcoding information from linear to non-linear texts involves taking information presented in a linear
format and representing it in a non-linear form. This could mean creating a mind map or infographic
based on the main points of a story or a historical event. By doing this, we can visually organize the
information in a way that highlights connections and relationships between different elements.

Conversely, transcoding information from non-linear to linear texts requires synthesizing complex
information from a non-linear format into a more straightforward, sequential structure. This could involve
summarizing the key points of a multimedia presentation into a written report or outlining the steps of a
scientific experiment in a linear fashion.

In essence, understanding how to transcode information between linear and non-linear texts is like being
able to translate between different languages. It allows us to adapt information to different formats based
on the purpose of communication or the needs of the audience. By honing our skills in navigating both
linear and non-linear texts, we become more versatile readers and writers, capable of engaging with
information in diverse ways.

Understanding Language and Communication: A Guide for 7th Graders

Language is a powerful tool that helps us communicate and express ourselves in various ways. In this
text, we will explore different aspects of language and communication that are essential for effective
writing and understanding of texts.

Supply other words or expressions that complete an analogy

An analogy is a comparison between two things to highlight their similarities. For example:

 Hot is to cold as fast is to slow.

 Cat is to kitten as dog is to puppy.

 Teacher is to school as doctor is to hospital.

Use analogy to describe or make a point

Analogies can be used to explain complex ideas in simpler terms. For instance:

 "Life is like a marathon, it's not about how fast you finish but how steady you run the race."
  "A book is like a garden, carried in the pocket."

Identify the genre, purpose, intended audience, and features of various viewed texts

Different types of texts serve different purposes and are intended for specific audiences. For example:

 Movie clip: Entertainment for viewers, usually a short segment from a film.

 Trailer: Promotional video to create interest in a movie or product.

 Newsflash: Brief news update to inform the audience about recent events.

 Documentary: Educational film presenting facts on a specific subject.

 Video: Visual content created for various purposes.

Genre of Viewing Materials

Genres of viewing materials include comedy, drama, action, thriller, horror, documentary, animation, and
more.

Voices of Verbs

Verbs can be used in active or passive voice to convey action differently. For example:

 Active voice: The dog chased the cat.

 Passive voice: The cat was chased by the dog.

Past Simple and Past Perfect Tenses

Using past tenses correctly is essential for describing events that have already happened. For example:

 Past simple: She played the piano.

 Past perfect: He had finished his homework before dinner.

Direct and Indirect Speech

Direct speech conveys a speaker's exact words, while indirect speech summarizes what was said. For
instance:

 Direct: She said, "I will come tomorrow."

 Indirect: She said that she would come the next day.

Phrases

Phrases are groups of words that express a single idea. For example:

 Noun Phrase: The big black cat slept peacefully.

 Prepositional Phrase: The book on the table is mine.

Clauses

Clauses are units of grammar that contain a subject and a verb. For example:

 Dependent Clause: When the bell rings, we can go.

 Independent Clause: We can go when the bell rings.

Sentences

Sentences can vary in use and structure based on their purpose and composition.

 According to Use: Declarative, interrogative, exclamatory, imperative.

 According to Structure: Simple, compound, complex, compound-complex.

Reading Strategies

Effective reading strategies include scanning, skimming, and close reading to comprehend and analyze
texts.

Listening Strategies

Listening strategies involve focusing on the purpose, topic familiarity, and text complexity to enhance
comprehension.

Reference and Research

Research involves using search engines to find information, navigating websites, and utilizing various
sources like newspapers, websites, and videos.

Writing a Summary

Summarizing key information from a text involves condensing important points into a concise form.

Transcoding Information

Transcoding information from linear (sequential) to non-linear (non-sequential) texts aids in

understanding complex concepts.

Factual and Personal Recounts

Expressing information or narratives requires appropriate oral language, stance, and behavior based on
the recount type (factual or personal).

Agreement and Disagreement

Expressing beliefs or convictions based on material viewed often involves citing evidence to support
general statements.

General and Specific Statements

Differentiate between general statements (broad claims) and specific statements (detailed information) by
providing examples and supporting details.

Subject-Verb Agreement

Ensure that subjects and verbs agree in terms of number and person. For instance:

 The team is playing well. (singular)

 The players are running fast. (plural)

By understanding these language and communication aspects, you can enhance your writing, reading, and
overall communication skills. Practice applying these concepts in your everyday language to become a
more effective communicator.
ASSESS YOURSELF

1. Which of the following completes the analogy: Cat is to meow as dog is to _______?
a) bark
b) purr
c) chirp
d) hiss

2. Which of the following is an example of using analogy to make a point?

a) "Life is like a box of chocolates, you never know what you're gonna get."
b) "The early bird catches the worm."
c) "Actions speak louder than words."
d) "All that glitters is not gold."

3. Which of the following is an example of a movie clip?

a) A short video showing highlights from a film
b) A news report about a recent event
c) A documentary about wildlife
d) A video tutorial on how to cook a recipe

4. What is the genre of a newsflash?

a) News
b) Documentary
c) Comedy
d) Drama

5. Which of the following sentences uses the passive voice?

a) "The cat chased the mouse."
b) "I baked a cake for my friend's birthday."
c) "The book was written by a famous author."
d) "She is singing a song."

6. Which of the following sentences uses the past perfect tense correctly?
a) "I will go to the store tomorrow."
b) "He had already finished his homework before dinner."
c) "She is playing soccer in the park."
d) "They are going to the beach next weekend."

7. Which of the following is an example of reported speech?

a) "I love ice cream," said Sarah.
b) "I will be there at 5 o'clock," he said.
c) "Can you pass me the salt?" she asked.
d) "I am going to the movies tonight," said John.

8. What is a noun phrase?

a) A group of words that includes a subject and a verb
b) A group of words that functions as a noun in a sentence
c) A group of words that starts with a preposition
d) A group of words that expresses a complete thought

9. What is a prepositional phrase?

a) A group of words that includes a subject and a verb
b) A group of words that functions as a noun in a sentence
c) A group of words that starts with a preposition
d) A group of words that expresses a complete thought

10. What is a dependent clause?

a) A group of words that includes a subject and a verb
b) A group of words that functions as a noun in a sentence
c) A group of words that cannot stand alone as a complete sentence
d) A group of words that expresses a complete thought

11. What is an independent clause?

a) A group of words that includes a subject and a verb
b) A group of words that functions as a noun in a sentence
c) A group of words that cannot stand alone as a complete sentence
d) A group of words that expresses a complete thought

12. What is scanning?

a) Reading a text word by word to understand the details
b) Reading a text quickly to get a general idea of the content
c) Reading a text carefully to analyze the author's arguments
d) Reading a text to find specific information

13. What is skimming?

a) Reading a text word by word to understand the details
b) Reading a text quickly to get a general idea of the content
c) Reading a text carefully to analyze the author's arguments
d) Reading a text to find specific information

14. What is close reading?

a) Reading a text word by word to understand the details
b) Reading a text quickly to get a general idea of the content
c) Reading a text carefully to analyze the author's arguments
d) Reading a text to find specific information

15. What is a listening strategy?

a) A technique used to understand spoken language
b) A technique used to navigate a website
c) A technique used to conduct a search on a search engine
d) A technique used to summarize key information

16. What is a search engine?

a) A tool used to navigate a website
b) A tool used to conduct a search on a given topic
c) A tool used to summarize key information
d) A tool used to transcode information

17. What are features of a website?

a) Headings, links, and other essential elements
b) Scanning, skimming, and close reading
c) Newspapers, websites, and videos
d) Linear and non-linear texts

18. What is writing a summary?

a) Transcoding information from linear to non-linear texts
b) Using correct and appropriate multi-media resources
c) Expressing one's beliefs/convictions based on a material viewed
d) Summarizing key information from a text

19. What is transcoding information?

a) Transferring information from one medium to another
b) Using correct and appropriate multi-media resources
c) Expressing one's beliefs/convictions based on a material viewed
d) Citing evidence to support a general statement

20. What is subject-verb agreement?

a) Using correct grammar in a sentence
b) Identifying the purpose and audience of a text
c) Using appropriate reading strategies to meet one's purpose
d) Summarizing key information from a text

1. What is the genre of a newsflash typically designed for?

a. Teenagers
b. Adults
c. Children
d. Senior Citizens
2. Which of the following is an example of a dependent clause?
a. She ran the race
b. After the movie ended
c. The cat purred softly
d. The car crashed into the tree
3. When should the past perfect tense be used?
a. To describe ongoing actions in the past
b. To express actions that happened before a certain point in the past
c. To talk about habitual actions in the past
d. To indicate future actions
4. What is the main purpose of scanning a text?
a. To read every word carefully
b. To look for specific information
c. To understand the theme of the text
d. To analyze the author's tone
5. Which voice is used in the sentence: "The cake was eaten by Mary"?
a. Active voice
b. Past perfect tense
c. Passive voice
d. Direct speech
6. What type of phrase is "under the table"?
a. Verb phrase
b. Adjective phrase
c. Noun phrase
d. Adverb phrase
7. How should subject-verb agreement be observed in a sentence?
a. The subject should always come after the verb
b. The subject and verb should always be in different tenses
c. The subject and verb should agree in number
d. The subject and verb should be separated by a prepositional phrase
8. When is it appropriate to use direct speech?
a. When paraphrasing someone's words
b. When reporting what someone else said
c. When discussing general truths
d. When summarizing key points
9. What is the main feature to consider when navigating a website?
a. Page margins
b. Font size
c. Headings and links
d. Text color
10. How should clauses be used meaningfully in a sentence?
a. To confuse the reader
b. To add unnecessary information
c. To provide additional details
d. To shorten the sentence
11. Which strategy is most suitable for quickly finding specific information in a text?
a. Close reading
b. Skimming
c. Scanning
d. Detailed reading
12. Which of the following is an independent clause?
a. Because it was raining
b. She went for a walk
c. After the party ended
d. The book that I bought
13. What is the purpose of using prepositional phrases in writing?
a. To show action
b. To provide additional information
c. To ask a question
d. To introduce a character
14. What type of sentences are structured based on their use?
a. Sentences with complex vocabulary
b. Sentences that contain rhyming words
c. Sentences according to length
d. Sentences according to purpose
15. Which listening strategy is most useful for understanding overall themes in short texts?
a. Skimming
b. Detail listening
c. Listening for gist
d. Intensive listening
16. How should multimedia resources be used in giving oral information?
a. To overwhelm the audience with information
b. To confuse the main message
c. To support and enhance the information
d. To distract the listener
17. When citing evidence to support a general statement, what should be included?
a. Personal opinions
b. Specific examples or facts
c. Contradictory information
d. Unsupported claims
18. Which media source can be used when researching a topic?
a. Text messages
b. Newspaper articles
c. Private diaries
d. Personal emails
19. In which type of sentence is the past simple tense most commonly used?
a. Describing a current situation
b. Referring to a future event
c. Talking about a past action
d. Expressing a possibility
20. How can analogies help in understanding new vocabulary?
a. By providing antonyms only
b. By offering synonyms only
c. By showing relationships between words
d. By listing alphabetical order

1. What is an example of a dependent clause?

a. She went to the store

b. Running through the park
c. Because he was tired
d. The cat sat on the mat

2. Which strategy involves quickly reading through a text to get a general idea of the
content?
a. Scanning
b. Skimming
c. Close reading
d. Analyzing

3. When summarizing a text, what should you focus on?

a. Minor details
b. Opinions of the author
c. Key information
d. None of the above

4. Which genre of viewing material is typically non-fictional and informative?

a. Documentary
b. Action movie
c. Romance film
d. Science fiction

5. In which tense would you say: "She had already finished her homework before
dinner."

a. Present tense
b. Future tense
c. Past simple tense
d. Past perfect tense

6. What is an example of a prepositional phrase?

a. She ran quickly

b. The book on the shelf
c. Singing in the choir
d. The dog barked

7. When expressing disagreement, you should:

a. Agree with the statement

b. Provide evidence to support it
c. Dispute or oppose the statement
d. Keep quiet

8. What type of clause can stand alone as a sentence?

a. Independent clause
b. Dependent clause
c. Relative clause
d. Conditional clause

9. Which listening strategy involves searching for specific information in a text?

a. Scanning
b. Skimming
c. Listening for detail
d. Passive listening

10. Which voice is being used in the sentence: "The cake was baked by Mary"?

a. Active voice
b. Passive voice
c. Imperative voice
d. None of the above

11. Transcoding information from linear to non-linear texts involves:

a. Showing cause and effect
b. Presenting information in an organized format
c. Converting between different text formats
d. None of the above

12. Which search engine feature helps you navigate to different sections of a webpage
quickly?

a. Links
b. Keywords
c. Headings
d. Images

13. Correct subject-verb agreement is important because it:

a. Makes sentences longer

b. Avoids confusion and miscommunication
c. Adds complexity to writing
d. None of the above

14. In which sentence is the past simple tense used correctly?

a. She is going to the park

b. They has finished their project
c. He ate breakfast yesterday
d. The teacher will giving a quiz

15. Which sentence does not contain a noun phrase?

a. The big red apple fell from the tree

b. Running quickly, she won the race
c. My sister, who is a doctor, lives in the city
d. The cat sat on the sunny windowsill

16. When using direct speech, you:

a. Retell someone else's words with your own

b. Report what someone else said word-for-word
c. Change the speaker's words completely
d. None of the above

17. An example of an independent clause is:

a. After the party

b. She walked to the store
c. Because I was tired
d. Running fast

18. Which of the following is a feature of a website?

a. Bold text
b. Hyperlinks
c. Underlining
d. Font size

19. What is the correct form of an indirect speech in the sentence: "I will finish the
report," she said.

a. She says she will finish the report

b. She is finishing the report
c. She said she would finish the report
d. She finishes the report, she said
20. Using appropriate reading strategies involves:

a. Reading from start to finish

b. Skipping parts that seem unimportant
c. Adjusting your approach based on the purpose
d. None of the above