CDI 4 QUIZ REVIEWER

GROUP 1&2 COMBINED REPORT

WOUND - are injuries that cause the skin or other body tissues to splinter. Cuts,
scrapes, scratches, and punctured skin are examples.
(2 TYPES OF WOUNDS)
1. OPEN WOUNDS – It is one which there is destruction/ breaking of the
skin& it is exposing underlying tissues to open air.
2. CLOSE WOUNDS (PASA) - It is the one who there is no breaking the
skin.
Common types of WOUNDS (IT MIGHT BE OPEN OR CLOSED WOUNDS)
1. PUNCTURED WOUND- it is wounds caused by sharp objects such as
knife, broken glass etc.
2. STABBED WOUND- penetrating trauma to the skin that results from a
knife or a similar pointed object
3. LACERATED WOUND- A laceration or cut ( PAGHAMPAS NG MGA BAGAY
NA HINDI MATULIS CAUSED NG PAGKAPUNIT NG BALAT)
4. INCISED WOUND- It caused by slash or cut with a sharp object ( paghiwa
ng balat )
5. ABRASION WOUND - superficial injuries of the skin and visceral linings in
the body, resulting in a break in the continuity of tissue (GAS-GAS)
6. GUN SHOT WOUND- is caused when a bullet or other projectile is shot into
or through the body.
*CHARACTERISTICS OF GUNSHOT WOUNDS*
ENTRANCE WOUND- Entrance wound may show soot deposition and burn /
seared edges; small amount of powder stippling can be present.
EXIT WOUND-Skin is perforated from the inside out, causing eversion of skin
tags and protrusion of tissue from the defect.
MORTAL WOUNDS - is an injury that will ultimately lead to a person's death
*CHARACTERISTICs OF MORTAL WOUNDS*
FATAL BLOW- An act that kills a person or animal.
MORTAL BLOW-To completely destroy something.
NON- MORTAL WOUNDS- wound when inflicted will not endangers one's life.
CONTUSION- A contusion, or bruise, is caused by a direct blow to the body
that can cause damage to the surface of the skin
HEMATOMA- occurs as a result of damage to one of the larger blood vessels in
the body. (BUKOL)
BAROTRAUMA WOUND- An injury to soft tissues resulting from a pressure
differential between an airspace in the body and the ambient pressure.
FROSTBITE - when skin and underlying tissues freeze after being exposed to
very cold temperatures.
BURNS - tissue damage that results from heat, overexposure to the sun or other
radiation, or chemical or electrical contact
SCALD WOUNDS - Burns and scalds are damage to the skin caused by heat.
SMUDGING - Blackening or smudging results from a superficial deposit of smoke
on the skin.
TATTOOING -Tattooing or peppering results from the grains of gunpowder being
driven into the skin, each grain acting as a minute missile.
SUPERFICIAL WOUNDS- These wounds affect only the topmost layer of the skin
called the epidermis.
DEEP WOUNDS- It is also called a laceration. A cut may be deep, smooth, or
jagged. It may be near the surface of the skin, or deeper
PENETRATING- occurs when a foreign object pierces the skin and enters the
body creating a wound
PERFORATING - Injuries have both entrance and exit wounds

INJURIES- It is damage to your body caused by falls, hits and accident.

COUP INJURY- Occurs on the brain directly under the point of impact (KUNG
SAAN TINAMAAN ANG IMPACT DOON LAG RIN ANG MAGIGING INJURY O
IMPACT)
CONTRE-COUP INJURY- affect the side of the brain opposite from where the
impact occurred. (KUNG SAAN TINAMAN IT’S EITHER SA LIKOD O SA GILID
OPPOSITE SA PART KUNG SAAN TINAMAAN)
COUP CONTRE-COUP INJURY- It is affecting both sides of the brain. The damage
occurs to the side under the impact and the opposite side when the brain strikes
the skull. (MAGKABILAANG IMPACT)
LOCUS MINORIS RESISTENCIA- refers to a region of decreased resistance within
the body. This occurs from changes to the microenvironment secondary to
previous trauma and results in increased vulnerability. (KUNG SAANG PART
LANG TINAMAAN OR INJURED DUN LANG MAGKAKAROON NG
MISFUNCTION/PAGKASIRA OR PAGKAHINA SA MGA PARTE NG KATAWAN NG
ISANG TAO)
EXTENSIVE INJURY- is a severe damage to the soft tissues in the skin
( SOBRANG PAGKASIRA O PAGKAWARAK NG BALAT NG ISANG TAO NA KUNG
SAAN HALOS MAKITA MO NA ANG MGA BUTO O UTAK NG ISANG TAO)
DEFENSIVE WOUNDS- self-defense wound is an injury received by the victim of
an attack while trying to defend against the assailant.
PATTERNED WOUNDS- is one which has a distinct pattern that may reproduce
the characteristics of the object causing the injury. (KUNG ANONG GAMIT O
SHAPE NG ISANG BAGAY NA GINAMIT YUN LANG RIN ANG MAGIGING SUGAT
O WOUNDS NA MATATAMO)
SELF-INFLICTED WOUNDS-) is the act of harming oneself where there are no
underlying psychological problems related to the self-injury. (COPING
MECHANISM IN ORDER TO CALM OR SOLVE THE PROBLEM ITSELF)
GROUP 3
(Article 262 RPC) Mutilation - A Cutting off or causing injury to a body part of a
person
2 TYPES OF MUTILATION
1. CASTRATION – mutilating another by depriving him, either totally or
partially of some essential organ for reproduction or Removal of the testes
(vas·ec·to·my )
2. MAYHEM - that is by looping or clipping off any part of the body of the
offended party, other than the essential organ for reproduction to deprive
him of that part of the body or Act of disabling, disfiguring or cutting off or
making useless one of the member .
PENALTY ARTICLE 262 PARAGRAPH 1 BY CASTRATION - The penalty of
reclusion temporal to reclusion Perpetua shall be imposed upon any person who
shall intentionally mutilate another by depriving him, either totally or partially, or
some essential organ of reproduction.
PENALTY ARTICLE 262 PARAGRAPH 2 BY MAYHEM - Any other intentional
mutilation shall be punished by prision mayor in its medium and maximum
periods.
(Article 263 RPC) Serious Physical Injuries - Any person who shall wound, beat,
or assault another, shall be guilty of the crimes of serious physical injuries “no
intent to kill’
PENALTY- Penalties depends on injuries and time frame of the crime.
1. The penalty of prision mayor, if in consequence of the physical injuries
inflicted, the injured person shall become insane, imbecile, impotent, or blind;
2. The penalty of prision correccional in its medium and maximum periods, if in
consequence of the physical injuries inflicted, the person injured shall have lost
the use of speech or the power to hear or to smell, or shall have lost an eye, a
hand, a foot, an arm, or a leg or shall have lost the use of any such member, or
shall have become incapacitated for the work in which he was there for habitually
engaged;
3. The penalty of prision correccional in its minimum and medium periods, if in
consequence of the physical injuries inflicted, the person injured shall have
become deformed, or shall have lost any other part of his body, or shall have lost
the use thereof, or shall have been ill or incapacitated for the performance of the
work in which he as habitually engaged for a period of more than ninety days;
4. The penalty of arresto mayor in its maximum period to prision correccional in
its minimum period, if the physical injuries inflicted shall have caused the illness
or incapacity for labor of the injured person for more than thirty days.
If the offense shall have been committed against any of the persons enumerated in
Article 246, or with attendance of any of the circumstances mentioned in Article 248, the
case covered by subdivision number 1 of this Article shall be punished by reclusion
temporal in its medium and maximum periods; the case covered by subdivision number
2 by prision correccional in its maximum period to prision mayor in its minimum period;
the case covered by subdivision number 3 by prision correccional in its medium and
maximum periods; and the case covered by subdivision number 4 by prision
correccional in its minimum and medium periods.
The provisions of the preceding paragraph shall not be applicable to a parent who shall
inflict physical injuries upon his child by excessive chastisement.

G.R. NO. L -40940 October 9, 1934 (People vs. Balubar)

- It appears from the evidence that the defendant struck the offended party in the
mouth with an iron instrument used for cranking the engine of a motor truck,
thereby breaking four of the offended part’s front teeth and inflicting on his upper
lip a wound which required medical treatment merit for six days. The offended
party had to have the broken teeth extracted because they ached and hurt his
gums. The trial judge found that the offended party have a very noticeable
disfigurement in the mouth at the time of the trial.
The principal question involved in this case is whether or not the physical injuries
inflicted by the defendant upon by the party constitute a violation of subsection 3
of the article 263 of the Revised Penal Code.

G.R No. L-5795, September 19, 1910:- US vs SANTOS (PEOPLE VS PERSON)

(Article 264 RPC) Injurious Substances or Beverages - A Chemical that have
harmful injurious, dangerous effect to human that can cause death when not
given medical attention.

GROUP 4
(Article 265 RPC) Less serious physical injuries - Any person who shall inflict
upon another physical injuries not described in the preceding articles, but which
shall incapacitate the offended party for labor for ten days or more, or shall
require medical assistance for the same period, shall be guilty of less serious
physical injuries and shall suffer the penalty of arresto mayor.
Whenever less serious physical injuries shall have been inflicted with the
manifest intent to kill or offend the injured person, or under circumstances
adding ignominy to the offense in addition to the penalty of arresto mayor, a fine
not exceeding 500 pesos shall be imposed.
Any less serious physical injuries inflicted upon the offender's parents,
ascendants, guardians, curators, teachers, or persons of rank, or persons in
authority, shall be punished by prision correccional in its minimum and medium
periods, provided that, in the case of persons in authority, the deed does not
constitute the crime of assault upon such person.
Ascendants- Blood related to the offender or victim
Guardians- Any person who or the one who taking care of a person
Elements of less serious physical injuries?
1. That the offender inflicted physical injuries upon another; and
2. that the physical injuries inflicted either
(a) incapacitated the victim for labor for 10 days or more [but not more than 30],
or
(b) the injuries required medical assistance for more than 10 days.

1-9 days = slight

10-30 days = less serious
30+ days = serious

● (1) Medical attendance or (2) incapacity is required in less serious physical

injuries. The crime is less serious physical injuries even if there was no
incapacity, but medical treatment was for 13 days.
● If the physical injuries do not incapacitate the offended party for labor
nor is there medical attendance, the crime is slight physical injuries.
● If the physical injuries, without medical attendance, heal after 30 days,
the crime is serious physical injuries. It may be considered as illness for more
than 30 days.
Qualified less serious physical injuries:
A fine not exceeding P500, in addition to arresto mayor, shall be imposed for
less serious physical injuries when:
a. There is a manifest intent to insult or offend the injured person, or
b. There are circumstances adding ignominy to the offense;
A higher penalty is imposed when the victim is either:
The offender’s parents, ascendants, guardians, curators or teachers; or
Persons of rank or persons in authority, provided the crime is not direct assault.

● Whenever an act has been committed which inflicts upon a person less serious
physical injuries with the manifest intent to insult or offend him or under
circumstances adding to the offense, the offender should be prosecuted for
less serious physical injuries. The same acts cannot constitute the complex
crime of slander by deed with less serious physical injuries, because such
complex crime only exists in cases where the Code has no specific provision
penalizing the same with specific penalty.
(Article 266 OF RPC) Slight physical injuries and maltreatment
The crime of slight physical injuries shall be punished:
1. By arresto menor when the offender has inflicted physical injuries which shall
incapacitate the offended party for labor from one to nine days, or shall require
medical attendance during the same period.
2. By arresto menor or a fine not exceeding 20 pesos and censure when the
offender has caused physical injuries which do not prevent the offended party
from engaging in his habitual work nor require medical assistance.
3. By arresto menor in its minimum period or a fine not exceeding 50 pesos when
the offender shall ill-treat another by deed without causing any injury.
(Article 252 of RPC) Physical injuries inflicted in a tumultuous affray (GULO NG
MGA IBAT IBANG TAO NA HINDI MAGKAKAKILALA)
1. When in a tumultuous affray as referred to in the preceding article, only serious
physical injuries are inflicted upon the participants thereof and the person
responsible thereof cannot be identified, all those who appear to have used
violence upon the person of the offended party shall suffer the penalty next lower
in degree than that provided for the physical injuries so inflicted.
When the physical injuries inflicted are of a less serious nature and the person
responsible therefor cannot be identified, all those who appear to have used any
violence upon the person of the offended party shall be punished by arresto
mayor from five to fifteen days.
ELEMENTS:
1. That there is a tumultuous affray as referred to in the preceding article;
2. That a participant or some participants thereof suffer serious physical injuries
or physical injuries of a less serious nature ONLY;
3. That the person responsible cannot be identified;
4. That all those who appear to have used violence upon the person of the
offended party are known.

GROUP 5
OPEN WOUNDS
ABRASION- It is an injury characterized by the removal of the superficial
epithelial layer of the skin caused by a rub or friction.
CHARACTERISTIC OF ABRASION
 It develops at the precise point of impact of the force causing it.
 Grossly or with the aid of a hand lens the injury consists of parallel linear injuries.
 It may exhibit the pattern of the wounding material.
 It is usually ignored by the attending physician for it does not require medical
treatment.
CAUSES OF ABRASION
 Abrasions caused by fingernails nail indicate struggle or assault that are usually
located in the face, neck, forearms, and hands neck.
 Abrasions resulting from friction or rough surfaces, either intentional or accidental
or located on bony parts of the body and usually associated with contusion or
laceration.
 3. Nature of the abrasion may infer or degree of pressure, nature of the rubbing
object and the direction of movement.
 E. Unless there is a supervening infection, abrasion heals in a short time and
leaves no scar. If the whole thickness of the skin is involved, healing may be
delayed and occasionally with scar formation.

FORMS OF ABRASSION
A. LINEAR- An abrasion which appears as a single line. It may be straight or curve line.
B. MULTI- LINEAR- An abrasion which develops when the skin is rubbed on a hard
rough object thereby producing several linear marks parallel to one another.
C. Confluent - An abrasion where the linear marks on the skin are almost
indistinguishable on account of the severity of friction and roughness of the object.
D. Multiple - Several abrasions of varying sizes and shapes may be found in different
parts of the body.
TYPES OF ABRASION SCRATCH
A. SHARP POINTED
B. GRAZE
C. IMPACT OR IMPRINT ABRASION
D. PRESSURE OR FRICTION OF ABRASION
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
DERMAL EROSION - A Gradual breakdown or very shallow ulceration of the skin
which involves only the epidermis and heals without scarring.
MARKS OF INSECTS AND FISHES BITES- The skin injury is irregular with no vital
reaction and usually found on angels of the mouth, margins of nose, eyelids and
forehead.
EXCORARIATION OF THE SKIN BY EXCRETA- This condition is only found among
infants and the skin lesion heals when the cause is removed.
PRESSURE SORE- Usually found at the back at the region of bony prominence
INCISED WOUND - It caused by slash or cut with a sharp object ( paghiwa ng balat )

CHANGES THAT OCCUR IN AN INCISED WOUND

AFTER 12 HOURS- Edges are swollen, adherent with blood and with leucocyte
infiltration
AFTER 24 HOURS- Proliferation of the vascular endothelium and connective
tissue cells
AFTER 36- 48 HOURS – Capillary network complete, fibroblasts running at right
angles to the vessels
AFTER 3-5 DAYS- Vessels show thickening and obliteration

DEEP WOUND AND SUPERFICIAL WOUND ON THE 1ST PAGE

GROUP 6 IS ALL ABOUT THE CHARACTERISTICS OF

Stab, punctured, and lacerated wounds