Anatomy of the Eye

Accommodation - Accommodation - The process by which the eye changes optical power to maintain a clear
image or focus on an object as its distance changes.
Anterior chamber - Chambre antérieure - The fluid-filled space inside the eye between the iris and the
cornea's innermost surface.
Aqueous humor - Humour aqueux - The clear fluid in the front part of the eye, helping to maintain intraocular
pressure and nourish the cornea and lens.
Binocular vision - Vision binoculaire - The ability to maintain visual focus on an object with both eyes,
creating a single visual image.
Blind spot - Tache aveugle - The point in the visual field that corresponds to the lack of light-detecting
photoreceptor cells on the optic disc of the retina where the optic nerve passes through to the brain.
Choroid - Choroïde - The vascular layer of the eye between the retina and the sclera that provides oxygen and
nourishment to the outer layers of the retina.
Ciliary body - Corps ciliaire - A ring of tissue behind the iris that is responsible for the production of aqueous
humor and contains the ciliary muscle, which controls the shape of the lens.
Color vision - Vision des couleurs - The capacity of the eye to detect and differentiate visible light in terms of
colors.
Conjunctiva - Conjonctive - A thin, clear membrane that covers the white part of the eye and the inner surfaces
of the eyelids.
Cornea - Cornée - The transparent front part of the eye that covers the iris, pupil, and anterior chamber.
Depth perception - Perception de la profondeur - The ability to perceive the world in three dimensions (3D)
and the distance of an object.
Eyebrow - Sourcil - The strip of hair growing on the ridge above
Eyelashes - Cils - The hair growing at the edge of the eyelids, offering protection from small particles.
Eyelid - Paupière - The movable pieces of skin that cover and protect the eye.
Field of vision - Champ visuel - The entire area that can be seen when the eye is directed forward, including
peripheral vision.
Fovea - Fovéa - A tiny pit located in the macula of the retina that provides the clearest vision of all.
Iris - Iris - The colored part of the eye, responsible for controlling the diameter and size of the pupil.
Lens (of the eye) - Cristallin - The transparent structure inside the eye that focuses light rays onto the retina.
Macula - Macula - A small central part of the retina, responsible for detailed vision.
Night vision - Vision nocturne - The ability to see in low-light conditions.
Optic disc - Papille optique - The point on the retina where the optic nerve fibers leave the eye, creating the
blind spot.
Optic nerve - Nerf optique - The nerve that transmits visual information from the retina to the brain.
Peripheral vision - Vision périphérique - The part of vision that occurs outside the very center of gaze.
Posterior chamber - Chambre postérieure - The fluid-filled space behind the iris but in front of the lens.
Pupil - Pupille - The opening in the center of the iris that allows light to strike the retina.
Retina - Rétine - A thin layer of tissue at the back of the eye where light is converted into neural signals to the
brain.
Sclera - Sclérotique - The white outer layer of the eyeball, providing structure and protection.
Visual cortex - Cortex visuel - The part of the cerebral cortex responsible for processing visual information.
Vitreous body - Corps vitré - The clear gel that fills the space between the lens and the retina, supporting the
shape of the eye.
Zonule fibers - Fibres zonulaires - The fibers that connect the ciliary body to the lens of the eye, helping to
hold it in place.