BE8255-BASIC ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS AND MEASURMENT ENGINEERING-TWO MARKS

UNIT-II They areused where speed has to remain nearly constant.They are
PART A used in centrifugal pumps,light machine tools,wood working machines,etc
1.List the factors affecting the EMF generated in DC machine? [BE8255,
A18] DC Shunt Motor:
1.FluxΦ Lathe machines,blowers,fans, centrifugal pumps,reciprocating pups
2.Number of conductors-Z DC Series motor:
3.Speed-N Traction,cranes,hoists,conveyors,elevators
4.No.of poles-P DC Compound Motors:
5.Parallel paths-A Punches,Elevators,shears,Rollig mills
.
1(a).Draw the circuits of various types of DC motors?
[GE6252,A18,N16,N11][EE9161,N12][EE9215,A14] 4.Why single phase induction motor is not self starting?
[GE2151,N16,N14][GE6252,A17,A15][EE192,N11][EE9215,A14]
[EE9166,M11]
When single winding is supplied with AC supply, itv produces
only alternating flux and not rotating flux.So starting torque becomes
zero.Hence single phase induction motor is not self starting.

5.Sketch the OCC of DC shunt generator?[GE6252,M16,(4/12)N17]

Eg
2.Define voltage regulation of a transformer?[BE8254,A18]
[GE6252,N16][GE2151,M16,M14][EE9166,N13][EE9215,A14]
[EE9113,N12]
Voltage regulation of a transforer is defined as change in the secondary
terminal voltage at no load to to full load expressed as a percentage of full
load voltage

Regulation =
If

x 100
VNL is the no loadvoltage,VFL is the full load voltage
6.Writedown EMF equation of a transformer? [GE6252, M16,M09,
3.Write applications of DC motors?[GE2151,N16,N14] [GE6252, A15] (4/12)N17]]
[EE9166,A14][EE8407,A14][EE9113,N12]
DC Shunt motors:
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Where V is applied voltage,Eb is back emf and Ra is armature resistance.

Where,E1 is EMF induced in primary winding
E2 is EMF induced in primary winding
N1 is number of turns in primary
N2 is number of turns in secondary
7.List out the types and applications of single phase induction motors?
[GE6252,N15,M14,(13/12)N17][EE9161,N11]
1.Split phase induction motor
2.Capacitor start induction motor
3.Capacitor Run induction motor
4.Capacitor start and Run induction motor
Applications are: Fans,Blowers,Centrigugalpumps,Washing machines.
8.Why starter is necessary for DC motor? [GE2151, M16,M14]
[EE9113,N12][GE6252,(13/12)N17]
At starting motor back emf is zero and current taken by the
armature is very high.This will damage the armature winding.So,in order to
limit the current through armature, starter is used.
9.What is the principle of DC motor?[GE2151,N15,N13]
Whenever a current carrying conductor is placed inside a magnetic
field, it experiences a force to move it.
When motor is operating on no load condition torque
isless.SoEb=V and armature current is small.
On loaded condition,speed and back emf are less.Hence torque is
high.Armature current is high
Thus back emf is regulating factor of speed in DC motor.
12.What is back emf?[GE2151,N12,A11][EE9215,A14][EE9215,A14]
When a motor rotates,the conductors of armature winding also
rotate.They cut the magnetic lines of flux in motor and an emf is induced in
armature conductors.Thisemf is in opposite direction to applied emf.It is
called as back emf.
13.What is purpose of Yoke in DC machine?[GE2151,M12,N10]
1.It acts as protecting cover for machines.
2.It provides mechanical support for poles.
3.It carries magnetic flux produced by poles.
14.What are the types of transformers based on construction?
{GE2151,M12,A11][EE192,N11]
1.Core type transformer
2.Shell type transformer
3.Berry type transformer.

10.What is meant by transformation ratio of a transformer? [GE2151, 15.What is a transformer?[GE6252,N18,A18][GE2151,N11]

A18,N15, N13,N12,N09][EE192,N11] Transformer is a static device which transfers power from one circuit to
Transformation ratio is the ratio between the secondary voltage to other which are not electricaly connected without change in frequency.
the primary voltage of a transformer.
16.Name the methods adopted to make single phase induction motors to self
Tranformation ratio= >1 for step up transformer start?[GE2151,N10][EE9113,N12]
1.By adding a resistor in starting wing
2.By adding a capacitor either in starting or running winding or in
both
Where E2 =secondary voltage
E1 is primary voltage 17.What is the greatest advantage of DC motor? [GE2151,M10]
1.Compared to AC Motors DC motors have high efficiency
11.What is the significance of back emf?[GE2151,A15][EE8351,A14] 2.Series motors have high starting torque.
[GE6252,A17]
In a DC motor the armature current is, 18.What is leakage flux?[GE2151,A18,M10]
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The flux that flows through a path other than the intended one is 22.Explain the term slip in induction motor?[EE9166,N11][EE9113,N12
called as leakage flux. ] [EE1161,M09]
The difference between synchronous speed and rotor speed expressed as
19.Write the voltage equation of DC motor?[GE6252,N18][GE2151,M09] a percentage of synchronous speed is called as slip.
Ns - N
V=Eb + IaRa %slip=
V=applied voltage Ns
Eb=back emf
Ia=armature current Ns=Synchronous speed
N=Motor speed
20.What is the purpose of comutator in DC machine?[BE8254,A18]
[EE9161,N11][EE1161,M09] 23.How will you change the direction of rotation of DC motor?
In DC machine commutator is used to convert AC into DC. [EE9166,N13]
DC Motor direction of rotation is changed by changing its armature
21.Draw the characteristics of DC motors?[EE9166,N11][EE151,N07] terminals.
DC Series Motor:
24.If High frequency AC supply is given to transformer,what will happen to
transformer?[EE9166,A14]
If high frequency ac supply is applied to transformer,thenemfibnduced
I coil increases and transformer may get heated.

25.Why transformer rating is expressed in KVA?[EE192,N11]

[EE9215,A14]
DC Shunt Motor: Transformer rating is expressed in KVA since copper loss is depends on
voltage and iron loss depends on current and not on power factor.

26.State the applications of three phase induction motors?[EE9161,N12]

Three phase induction motors are used in
lathes,drillingmachines,fans,blowers, grinders, printing machines.

27. What is the need for starter in three phase induction motor?
DC Compound Motor: [EE9215, A14][EE1161,M09]
Induction motor rotor is short circuited at starting.So current drawn from
supply by motor is high.To reduce the starting current the starter is used.
28.What are advantages of stationary armature alternator?{EE9215,A14]
1.Better insulation
2.It is easy to collect current.
3.No slip ring is required.
4.Size of alternator reduces
5.The ventilation is good.
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29.Give the diagram of slip ring induction motor?[EE8407,A14]
34.Why synchronous motor is not self starting one?
In a synchronous motor rotor poles are fixed.But stator poles change
their position within small time due to the frequency of ac supply.So rotor
poles are unable to align themselves with stator poles within that small time
due to rotor inertia.So,synchronous motor is not self starting one.

35.Mention the applications of stepper motor?[EE9113,N12]

Floppy disk drives,Quartzwatches,robots,Camera shutter operation

36.Define step angle in stepper motor?

Step angle is the angle through which stepper motor wheel rotates for each
pulse.

37.What are advantages and disadvantages of stepper motor?

30.Distinguish series and shunt field coil construction in DC
Advantages:
machine?[EE8351,A14]
1.It is simple in construction
Series field Shunt Field 2.It requires no maintenance.
1.It has few turns 1.It has more turns Disadvantages:
2.It carries large current 2.It carries small current 1.Low efficiency
through it through it. 2.Fixed step angle
3.It is connected in series with 3.It is connected in parralel
armature 38.What are advantages and disadvantages of VR stepper motor?
Advantages:
31.Defineallday efficiency of transformer?[BE8255,A18][EE8351,A14] 1.Light weight
It is the ratio of KWh output to the KWh input in a transformer for 24 2.High torque
hrs.. Disadvantages:
KWh output in 24 hrs 1.Step angle is less
All day Efficiency= 39.Draw the characteristics of DC generators?[EE9166,M11]
KWh input in 24 hrs

32.Why induction motor never runs at synchronous speed[EE8351,A14]

When the induction motor runs at synchronous speed, the relative velocity
between stator and rotor is zero.So, emf induced in rotor is zero.This
makes the motor not to rotate.So induction motor never runs at
synchronous speed.

33.What are applications of transformer?[EE9161,A14]

High rating transformers are used in distribution of electrical power.
Low rating transformer is used in radio,various electronic equipments 40.What are applications of DC generators?[GE6252,A17]
Shunt generators:BatteryCharging,giving supply to field of alternators
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Series Generators:Booster to add voltage in DC line 47.Compare conventional DC motor and brushless DC motor?
DC motor Brushless DC motor
41.What are the factors that affect the terminal voltage of an 1.Field magnets are on stator 1.Field magnets are on rotors
alternators?[EE1161,M09] 2.High maintenance cost 2.Low maintenance cost.
Distribution factor 3.Winding is simple 3.Winding is comple
Chording factor 4.Mechanical contact between 4.Electronic switching is used.
42.What are losses in transformer?How do they vary with load? commutator and brushes
[BE8254,A18][EE1161, M09] 5.The rotor position is foud by 5.Rotor position is found by
Transformer has Following losses: brushes sensors.
Copper loss:It varies as square of load current.
Iron loss:It is independent of load current
48.Compare squirrel cage and slip ring induction motor?
Squirrel cage rotor Slip ring rotor
43.What are adavntages and drawbacks of single phase induction
1.Construction is simple 1.Construction is complicated
motor?[EE151,N07]
Advantages: 2.Rotor is made by copper bars 2.Rotor is made by three phase
1.They are less cost. winding
2.They require less maintenance. 3.Slip ring and brushes are not 3.Slip ring and brushes are not
Disadvantages: present present
1.They are not self starting 4.Externa resistance cannot be 4.Externalresistane can be added.
added
44.State the advantages and disadvantages of Brushless DC motor 5.Torque is less 5.Torque is high
drives?
Advantages : 49.Calculateemf generated by 4 pole,wave wound generator having 45slots
1.No Field winding with 18 conductor per slots and driven at 1200 rpmwith flux 0.016 wb?
2.motor length is small [GE6252,N15,M14]
3.High speed is possible
4.Speed can be controlled easily. EMF induced=ΦNPZ/60A
Disadvantages: Φ=0.016 wb
1It requires rotor position sensor. N=1200 rpm
2.It requires controller and inverter. P=4
Z=45x18=810
45.List the types of for permanent magnets materials used in BLDC A=2
motor? So emfinbduced =1944 V
AlNiCo, Ceramic magnet,Rare earth magnet
50.A 8 pole lap wound armature is rotated at 350 rpm is required to
46.State the applications of BLDC motor? generate 260V.The useful flux/pole is=0.05 wb.If armature has 120 slots
1.Computer and robotic application calculate conductor/slot?[GE2151,A15]
2.Textile and glass industries
EMF induced=ΦNPZ/60A
Φ=0.05 wb
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N=350 rpm V=220 V

P=8 Ia=20A
Z= Ra=0.5 ohms
A=P=8 Eb =220-(20 x 0.5)
EMF induced=260 V =210V
So,260=0.05 x 350 x8xZ/(60 x 8)
54.Write the emf equation of DC machine[BE8254,A18]
Z=260 x 60 x 8 EMF induced in DC machine is given by,

0.05 x350x 8 E=EMF induced=ΦNPZ/60A

Where Φ=flux/pole
Total conductors= 891 Z=No.of conductors
Conductors/slot=891/120=7 conductors N=Speed in rpm
P=No.of poles
51.A DC shunt motor supplies a load of 10 KW at 220V through feeders of A=No.of parallel paths
0.1 ohms resistance.The resistance of armature and shunt field winding is
0.05 ohms and 100 ohms respectively .Calculate terminal terminal voltage? 55.What are advantages and dis advantages of three phase induction
[GE2151,M13] motor?[BE8254,A18]
Advantages:
Eb=back emf or terminal voltage= V-IaRa 1.It can be operated in hazardous conditions
Current=10000/220=45.45 A 2.Good regulation
Ia=I-Ish= 45.45-2.2=45.25 3.Overloading capacity
Ish=V/Rsh=220/100=2.2 Disadvantages:
Eb = 220-(45.25 x(0.05+0.1)) = 213.2125V 1.In light load conditions power factor is low.
2.Their speed control is difficult.
3.They never attain synchronous speed
52.In a single phase transformer,Np=350 turns,Ns=1050
turnsEp=400 V find the value of Es=?[GE2151,M13] 56.Draw the basic circuit of capacitor start capacitor run induction
motor?[BE8254,A18]

NpEp 350 400

= = =
Ns Es 1050 Es

Es=1200 V

53.A 220 V DC motor has an armature resistance of 0.5 ohms.The full load
armature current is 20A Find the induced emf?[GE2151,N09]
PART-B
1.Explain construction and working Principle of DC generators?
Back emf or induced emf=Eb=V-IaRa
2.(a)Derive EMF equation of DC generator?
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2(b).With neat sketches,explain various type of DC generator and

motors?(or)Explain the classification of DC generators?
3.Explain the working principle of DC Motor and derive its
torque equation?
3(b).Explain types of DC motor?
4.Explain various speed control methods of DC shunt motor?
5.Explain construction and working principle of three phase
induction motor?
6.Explain in detail about construction and working of single phase
inductionmotor?Explain various types of induction motors?
7.Explain the construction and working principle of stepper
motor?
8.Explain construction and working of BLDC motor?
9.Explainconstruction and working principle of Transformer?
10.Derive EMF equation of transformer?
11.Explain the conctruction and working of three phase alternator?
12.Derive EMF equation of an alternator?
13.Explain the working principle of synchronous motor?