1. Resolve the following system using the Cramer’s Rule.

0.14x1-0.1x2-0.2x3=7.85
0.10x1+7x2-0.3x3=-19.3
0.30x1-0.2x2+10x3=71.4
Soln: Let us write these equations in the form AX=B
. 14 −.1 −.2 𝑥1 7.85
[ .1 𝑥
7 −.3] [ 2 ] = [−19.3]
. 3 −.2 10 𝑥3 71.4
. 14 −.1 −.2
D=|A|=| . 1 7 −.3|=10.3246
. 3 −.2 10
7.85 −.1 −.2
Dx1=|−19.3 7 −.3|=631.059
71.4 −.2 10
. 14 7.85 −.2
Dx2=| . 1 −19.3 −.3|=-35.1637
.3 71.4 10
. 14 −.1 7.85
𝐷𝑥3 = | . 1 7 −19.3|=54.0826
. 3 −.2 71.4
X1= Dx1/D=631.059/10.3246≈22.135
X2= Dx2/D=-35.1637/10.3246≈-3.405
X3= 𝐷𝑥3 /D=54.0826/10.3246≈5.238
2. Use the Gauss-Elimination technique to resolve the following system.
3x1-0.1x2-0.2x3=7.85
0.10x1+7x2-0.3x3=-19.3
x1-0.2x2+10x3=71.4
Soln:
Write the augmented matrix for the system:
[ 3 -0.1 -0.2 | 7.85 ]
[ 0.1 7 -0.3 | -19.3 ]
[ 1 -0.2 10 | 71.4 ]

Perform row operations to eliminate the coefficients below the leading diagonal element
in the first column:
Multiply the first row by 1/3 to make the leading coefficient 1:
[ 1 -0.033333 -0.066667 | 2.6167 ]
[ 0.1 7 -0.3 | -19.3 ]
[ 1 -0.2 10 | 71.4 ]

Subtract 0.1 times the first row from the second row to make the second element in the
first column 0:
[ 1 -0.033333 -0.066667 | 2.6167 ]
[ 0 7.003333 -0.293333 | -21.583 ]
[ 1 -0.2 10 | 71.4 ]

Subtract the first row from the third row to make the third element in the first column 0:
[ 1 -0.033333 -0.066667 | 2.6167 ]
[ 0 7.003333 -0.293333 | -21.583 ]
[ 0 -0.166667 10.066667 | 68.783 ]

Now, normalize the second row by dividing it by 7.003333 (the leading coefficient in the
second row):
[ 1 -0.033333 -0.066667 | 2.6167 ]
[ 0 1 -0.041879 | -3.0811 ]
[ 0 -0.166667 10.066667 | 68.783 ]

Add 0.166667 times the second row to the third row to make the third element in the
second column 0:
[ 1 -0.033333 -0.066667 | 2.6167 ]
[ 0 1 -0.041879 | -3.0811 ]
[ 0 0 10.267144 | 69.9422 ]

Normalize the third row by dividing it by 10.267144 (the leading coefficient in the third
row):
[ 1 -0.033333 -0.066667 | 2.6167 ]
[ 0 1 -0.041879 | -3.0811 ]
[ 0 0 1 | 6.8077 ]

Back-substitute to find the values of x:

From the third row, we have:
x3 = 6.8077
From the second row, we have:
x2 - 0.041879x3 = -3.0811
x2 - 0.041879(6.8077) = -3.0811
x2 ≈ -3.0811 + 0.2836
x2 ≈ -2.50

From the first row, we have:

x1 - 0.033333x2 - 0.066667x3 = 2.6167
x1 - 0.033333(-2.7975) - 0.066667(6.8077) = 2.6167
x1 ≈ 2.6167 + 0.09325 + 0.4538
x1 ≈ 3.0

So, the solution to the system is:

x1 ≈ 3.0
x2 ≈ -2.50
x3 ≈ 6.8077
3. Apply the Factorization process to locate the root of the following system:
x1+x2-x3=2
2x1+3x2+5x3=-3
3x1+2x2-3x3=6
o Soln: Rules or technique→ AX=B => LUX=B => LY=B then UX=Y
1 −1 −1 𝑥1 2
A=[2 3 𝑥
5 ] , 𝑋 = [ 2 ] , 𝐵 = [−3]
3 2 −3 𝑥3 6
A matrix can be written as the product of a lower triangular matrix and an upper
triangular matrix
1 −1 −1 𝑙11 0 0 𝑢11 𝑢12 𝑢13
A=[2 3 5 ] = [𝑙21 𝑙22 0 ] [ 0 𝑢22 𝑢23 ]
3 2 −3 𝑙31 𝑙32 𝑙33 0 0 𝑢33
1 0 0 𝑢11 𝑢12 𝑢13
= [𝑙21 1 0] [ 0 𝑢22 𝑢23 ]
𝑙31 𝑙32 1 0 0 𝑢33
𝑢11 𝑢12 𝑢13
=[𝑙21 𝑢11 𝑙21 𝑢12 + 𝑢22 𝑙21 𝑢13 + 𝑢23 ]
𝑙31 𝑢11 𝑙31 𝑢12 + 𝑙32 𝑢22 𝑙31 𝑢13 + 𝑙32 𝑢23 + 𝑢33
Comparing the values,
u11=1, u12=-1, u13=-1, l21u11=2, so that l21=2
Similarly, we can find out another unknown variable,
AX=B => LUX=B
 1 0 0 1 1 −1 2
[2 1 0] [0 1 7 ] X=[−3]
3 −1 1 0 0 7 6
Let, UX=Y => LY=B
1 0 0 𝑦1 2
𝑦
[2 1 0] [ 2 ]= [−3]
3 −1 1 𝑦3 6
From above matrix we find,
✓ y1=2
✓ 2y1+ y2=-3
=> y2=-7
✓ 3y1- y2+y3=6=> y3=-7
Again, UX=Y
1 1 −1 𝑥1 2
𝑥
[0 1 7 ] [ 2 ]= [−7]
0 0 7 𝑥3 −7
From above matrix we find,
✓ 7x3=-7
x3=-1
✓ x2+ 7x3=-7
=> x2=0
✓ x1+ x2-Y3=2
=> x1=1