CHAPTER 27 DIFFERENTIATION OF PARAMETRIC

EQUATIONS

EXERCISE 146 Page 366

1. Given x = 3t – 1 and y = t(t – 1), determine in terms of t.

If x = 3t - 1, then

If y = t(t – 1) = , then

Hence, =

2. A parabola has parametric equations: . Evaluate when t = 0.5

If x = , then

If y = 2t, then

Hence,

When t = 0.5, =2

3. The parametric equations for an ellipse are x = 4 cos , y = sin . Determine (a) (b)

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(a) If x = 4 cos , then

If y = sin , then

Hence, =

(b)

4. Evaluate at  = radians for the hyperbola whose parametric equations are x = 3 sec ,

y = 6 tan 

If x = 3 sec , then

If y = 6 tan , then

Hence,

When , =4

5. The parametric equations for a rectangular hyperbola are x = 2t, . Evaluate when
t = 0.40

If x = 2t, then
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If , then

Hence,

When t = 0.04, = - 6.25

6. The equation of a tangent drawn to a curve at point is given by:

Determine the equation of the tangent drawn to the ellipse x = 3 cos , y = 2 sin  at  =

At point , and

and

Hence,

The equation of a tangent is: y – 2 sin  =

At , y – 2 sin =

i.e. y–1=
i.e. y – 1 = -1.155(x – 2.598)

i.e. y – 1 = -1.155x + 3

and y = - 1.155x + 4

7. The equation of a tangent drawn to a curve at point is given by:

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 Determine the equation of the tangent drawn to the rectangular hyperbola x = 5t, at t = 2

At point , and

and

Hence,

The equation of a tangent is: y– =

At , y– =

i.e. y– =
i.e. 4y – 10 = - x + 10

i.e. 4y = - x + 20

and y=

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EXERCISE 147 Page 367

1. A cycloid has parametric equations x = 2( - sin ), y = 2(1 – cos ). Evaluate, at  = 0.62 rad,

correct to 4 significant figures, (a) (b)

(a) If x = 2( - sin ), then

If y = 2(1 – cos ), then

Hence,

When  = 0.62 rad, = 3.122, correct to 4 significant figures.

(b)

When  = 0.62 rad, = - 14.43, correct to 4 significant

figures.

2. The equation of the normal drawn to a curve at point is given by:

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 Determine the equation of the normal drawn to the parabola at t = 2.

If

If

Hence,

Equation of a normal is:

i.e.
At t = 2, equation of normal is: y – 1 = - 2(x – 1)

i.e. y – 1 = - 2x + 2 or y = - 2x + 3

3. The equation of the normal drawn to a curve at point is given by:

Find the equation of the normal drawn to the cycloid x = 2( - sin ), y = 2(1 – cos ) at

If x = 2( - sin ) = 2 - 2 sin ,

If ,

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Hence,

Equation of a normal is:

i.e.

, equation of normal is:

At

i.e.

i.e. y–2=-x+π-2 or y=-x+π

4. Determine the value of , correct to 4 significant figures, at for the cardioid

x = 5(2 - cos 2 ), y = 5(2 sin  - sin 2 )

If x = 5(2 - cos 2), then

If y = 5(2 sin  – sin 2), then

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When rad,

= = 0.02975, correct to 4 significant

figures.

5. The radius of curvature, , of part of a surface when determining the surface tension of a liquid

is given by:
Find the radius of curvature (correct to 4 significant figures) of the part of the surface having

parametric equations (a) x = 3t, at the point

(b) at t =

(a) , hence

, hence

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 and at ,

and at ,

Hence, radius of curvature, = 13.14

(b) , hence

, hence

and at t = ,

and at t ,

Hence, radius of curvature, = 5.196

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EXERCISE 148 Page 368

1. (a) 2. (d) 3. (c) 4. (b) 5. (a)

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