CHAPTER 45 NUMERICAL INTEGRATION

EXERCISE 213 Page 514

1. Evaluate using the trapezoidal rule, giving the answers correct to 3 decimal places:

(Use 8 intervals)

Since , width of interval =

x 0 0.125 0.250 0.375 0.500 0.625 0.750 0.875 1.000

2.0000 1.9692 1.8824 1.7534 1.6000 1.4382 1.2800 1.1327 1.0000

Hence, using the trapezoidal rule,

= 0.125[12.5559]

= 1.569

2. Evaluate using the trapezoidal rule, giving the answers correct to 3 decimal places:

(Use 8 intervals)

Since , width of interval =

x 1 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.0 2.25 2.50 2.75 3.0

2 ln 3x 2.1972 2.6435 3.0082 3.3165 3.5835 3.8191 4.0298 4.2204 4.3944

Hence, using the trapezoidal rule,

720
 = 0.25[27.9168] = 6.979

3. Evaluate using the trapezoidal rule, giving the answers correct to 3 decimal places:

(Use 6 intervals)

Since , width of interval =

θ 0 π/18 2π/18 3π/18 4π/18 5π/18 6π/18

0 0.4167 0.5848 0.7071 0.8017 0.8752 0.9306

Hence, using the trapezoidal rule,

= 0.672

4. Evaluate using the trapezoidal rule, giving the answers correct to 3 decimal places:

(Use 7 intervals)

Since , width of interval =

x 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4

1.0 0.9608 0.8521 0.6977 0.5273 0.3679 0.2369 0.1409

Hence, using the trapezoidal rule,

= (0.2)[4.21315]

= 0.843

721
EXERCISE 214 Page 516

1. Evaluate using the mid-ordinate rule, giving the answers correct to 3 decimal places:

(Use 8 intervals)

Since , width of interval =

Hence, ordinates occur at 0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.0, 1.25, 1.50, 1.75 and 2.0,

and mid-ordinates occur at 0.125, 0.375, 0.625, 0.875, 1.125, 1.375, 1.625 and 1.875

t 0.125 0.375 0.625 0.875 1.125 1.375 1.625 1.875

2.9538 2.6301 2.1573 1.6991 1.3241 1.0378 0.8240 0.6644

Hence, using the mid-ordinate rule,

= 3.323

2. Evaluate using the mid-ordinate rule, giving the answers correct to 3 decimal places:

(Use 6 intervals)

Since , width of interval =

Hence, ordinates occur at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90,

and mid-ordinates occur at 7.5, 22.5, 37.5, 52.5, 67.5 and 82.5.

 7.5 22.5 37.5 52.5 67.5 82.5

0.8845 0.7232 0.6216 0.5576 0.5198 0.5021

722
Hence, using the mid-ordinate rule,

= 0.997

3. Evaluate using the mid-ordinate rule, giving the answers correct to 3 decimal places:

(Use 10 intervals)

Since , width of interval =

Hence, ordinates occur at 1.0, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, 2.0, 2.2, 2.4, 2.6, 2.8, 3.0,

and mid-ordinates occur at 1.1, 1.3, 1.5, 1.7, 1.9, 2.1, 2.3, 2.5, 2.7 and 2.9.

x 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.9 2.1 2.3 2.5 2.7 2.9

0.0866 0.2018 0.2703 0.3121 0.3378 0.3533 0.3621 0.3665 0.3679 0.3671

Hence, using the mid-ordinate rule,

 (0.2)[ 0.0866 + 0.2018 + 0.2703 + 0.3121 + 0.3378 + 0.3533 + 0.3621 + 0.3665

+ 0.3679 + 0.3671]

= (0.2)[3.0255]

= 0.605

4. Evaluate using the mid-ordinate rule, giving the answers correct to 3 decimal places:

(Use 6 intervals)

Since , width of interval =

723
Hence, ordinates occur at 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60,

and mid-ordinates occur at 5, 15, 25, 35, 45 and 55

 5 15 25 35 45 55

0.9943 0.9493 0.8628 0.7414 0.5946 0.4344

Hence, using the mid-ordinate rule,

= 0.799

724
EXERCISE 215 Page 519

1. Evaluate using Simpson's rule, giving the answers correct to 3 decimal places:

(Use 6 intervals)

Since , width of interval =

x
0

0 0.5087 0.7071 0.8409 0.9306 0.9828 1.0000

Hence, using Simpson’s rule,

= = 1.187

2. Evaluate using Simpson's rule, giving the answers correct to 3 decimal places:

(Use 8 intervals)

Since , width of interval =

 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6

1.0 0.9984 0.9750 0.8853 0.7094 0.5000 0.3254 0.2065 0.1324

Hence, using Simpson’s rule,

725
 =

= = 1.034

3. Evaluate using Simpson's rule, giving the answers correct to 3 decimal places:

(Use 8 intervals)

Since , width of interval = (note that values of  are in radians)

 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

0.9933 0.9851 0.9735 0.9589 0.9411 0.9203 0.8967 0.8704 0.8415

Hence, using Simpson’s rule,

= = 0.747

4. Evaluate using Simpson's rule, giving the answers correct to 3 decimal places:

(Use 6 intervals)

Since , width of interval =

726
 x
0
x cos x 0 0.2529 0.4534 0.5554 0.5236 0.3388 0

Hence, using Simpson’s rule,

= = 0.571

5. Evaluate using Simpson's rule, giving the answers correct to 3 decimal places:

(Use 10 intervals)

Since , width of interval =

x
0

0 0.2102 0.4250 0.6488 0.8857 1.1392 1.4114 1.7021 2.0064 2.3119 2.5929

Hence, using Simpson’s rule,

= = 1.260

6. Evaluate using (a) integration, (b) the trapezoidal rule, (c) the mid-ordinate rule, (d) Simpson's rule.

Give answers correct to 3 decimal places.

727
 (Use 6 intervals)

(a) = 1.875

(b) Width of interval =

x 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0

4.0000 1.1852 0.5000 0.2560 0.1481 0.0933 0.0625

Hence, using the trapezoidal rule,

= (0.5)[4.21385] = 2.107

(c) Mid-ordinates occur at 1.25, 1.75, 2.25, 2.75, 3.25 and 3.75

x 1.25 1.75 2.25 2.75 3.25 3.75

2.0480 0.7464 0.3512 0.1923 0.1165 0.0759

Using the mid-ordinate rule,

 (0.5)[ 2.0480 + 0.7464 + 0.3512 + 0.1923 + 0.1165 + 0.0759 ]

= (0.5)[3.5303] = 1.765

(d) Using the table of values from part (b), using Simpson’s rule,

= = 1.916

7. Evaluate using (a) integration, (b) the trapezoidal rule, (c) the mid-ordinate rule, (d) Simpson's rule.
728
 Give answers correct to 3 decimal places.

(Use 8 intervals)

(a) Let u = 2x – 1, then and dx =

Thus,

Hence, = 1.585

(b) Width of interval =

x 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0

0.5774 0.5000 0.4472 0.4082 0.3780 0.3536 0.3333 0.3162 0.3015

Hence, using the trapezoidal rule,

= (0.5)[3.17595] = 1.588

(c) Mid-ordinates occur at 2.25, 2.75, 3.25, 3.75, 4.25, 4.75, 5.25 and 5.75

x 2.25 2.75 3.25 3.75 4.25 4.75 5.25 5.75

0.5345 0.4714 0.4264 0.3922 0.3651 0.3430 0.3244 0.3086

Using the mid-ordinate rule,

 (0.5)[ 0.5345 + 0.4714 + 0.4264 + 0.3922 + 0.3651 + 0.3430

+ 0.3244 + 0.3086]

= (0.5)[3.1656] = 1.583

(d) Using the table of values from part (b), using Simpson’s rule,

729
 =

= = 1.585

8. Evaluate using (a) the trapezoidal rule, (b) the mid-ordinate rule, (c) Simpson's rule.

Use 6 intervals in each case and give answers correct to 3 decimal places.

(a) Width of interval =

x 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0

1.0000 1.0308 1.4142 2.4622 4.1231 6.3295 9.0554

Hence, using the trapezoidal rule,

= (0.5)[20.3875] = 10.194

(b) Mid-ordinates occur at 0.25, 0.75, 1.25, 1.75, 2.25 and 2.75

x 0.25 0.75 1.25 1.75 2.25 2.75

1.0020 1.1473 1.8551 3.2216 5.1603 7.6283

Using the mid-ordinate rule,

 (0.5)[ 1.0020 + 1.1473 + 1.8551 + 3.2216 + 5.1603 + 7.6283 ]

= (0.5)[20.0146] = 10.007

(c) Using the table of values from part (a), using Simpson’s rule,

730
 =

= = 10.070

9. Evaluate using (a) the trapezoidal rule, (b) the mid-ordinate rule, (c) Simpson's rule.

Use 6 intervals in each case and give answers correct to 3 decimal places.

(a) Since then width of interval =

y 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7

1.0050 1.0206 1.0483 1.0911 1.1547 1.2500 1.4003

Hence, using the trapezoidal rule,

= (0.1)[6.76735] = 0.677

(b) Mid-ordinates occur at 0.15, 0.25, 0.35, 0.45, 0.55 and 0.65

y 0.15 0.25 0.35 0.45 0.55 0.65

1.0114 1.0328 1.0675 1.1198 1.1974 1.3159

Using the mid-ordinate rule,

 (0.1)[1.0114 + 1.0328 + 1.0675 + 1.1198 + 1.1974 + 1.3159]

= (0.1)[6.7448] = 0.674

(c) Using the table of values from part (a), using Simpson’s rule,

731
 =

= = 0.675

10. A vehicle starts from rest and its velocity is measured every second for 8 seconds, with values as

follows:

time t (s) 0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0
velocity v (ms-1) 00.4 1.0 1.7 2.9 4.1 6.2 8.0 9.4

The distance travelled in 8.0 seconds is given by

Estimate this distance using Simpson's rule.

= = 28.8 m

11. A pin moves along a straight guide so that its velocity v (m/s) when it is a distance x (m) from the

beginning of the guide at time t (s) is given in the table below.

t(s) 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0

v(m/s) 0 0.052 0.082 0.125 0.162 0.175 0.186 0.160 0

Use Simpson's rule with 8 intervals to determine the approximate total distance travelled by the pin in

the 4.0 second period, giving the answer correct to 3 significant figures.

Distance travelled by pin

732
 = 0.485 m

EXERCISE 216 Page 520

1. (a) 2. (c) 3. (c)

733