CHAPTER 72 LINEAR CORRELATION

EXERCISE 305 Page 783

1. Determine the coefficient of correlation for the data given, correct to 3 decimal places.

X 14 18 23 30 50
Y 900 1200 1600 2100 3800

A tabular method to determine the quantities is shown below.

X Y x= y= xy

14 900 - 13 - 1020 13260 169 1040400

18 1200 -9 - 720 6480 81 518400
23 1600 -4 - 320 1280 16 102400
30 2100 3 180 540 9 32400
50 3800 23 1880 43240 529 3534400

= 64800 = 804 = 5228000

Coefficient of correlation, r = = 0.999

2. Determine the coefficient of correlation for the data given, correct to 3 decimal places.

X 6 3 9 15 2 14 21 13

Y 1.3 0.7 2.0 3.7 0.5 2.9 4.5 2.7

A tabular method to determine the quantities is shown below.

X Y x= y= xy

1096
 2.7 11.9 -0.2 -5.16 1.032 0.04 26.6256
4.3 7.10 1.4 -9.96 -13.944 1.96 99.2016
1.2 33.8 -1.7 16.74 -28.458 2.89 280.2276
1.4 25.0 -1.5 7.94 -11.91 2.25 63.0436
4.9 7.50 2 -9.56 -19.12 4 91.3936

= - 72.4 = 11.14 = 560.492

Coefficient of correlation, r = = - 0.916

3. Determine the coefficient of correlation for the data given, correct to 3 decimal places.

X 24 41 9 18 73

Y 39 46 90 30 98

A tabular method to determine the quantities is shown below.

X Y x= y= xy

24 39 -9 - 21.6 194.4 81 466.56

41 46 8 - 14.6 - 116.8 64 213.16
9 90 - 24 29.4 - 705.6 576 864.36
18 30 - 15 - 30.6 459 225 936.36
73 98 40 37.4 1496 1600 1398.76

= 1327 = 2546 = 3879.2

Coefficient of correlation, r = = 0.422

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4. In an experiment to determine the relationship between the current flowing in an electrical
circuit and the applied voltage, the results obtained are:
Current (mA) 5 11 15 19 24 28 33
Applied voltage (V) 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Determine, using the product-moment formula, the coefficient of correlation for these results.

A tabular method to determine the quantities is shown below.

I V iv
i= v=
5 2 -14.286 -6 85.716 204.09 36
11 4 -8.286 -4 33.144 68.66 16
15 6 -4.286 -2 8.572 18.37 4
19 8 -0.286 0 0 0.082 0
24 10 4.714 2 9.428 22.22 4
28 12 8.714 4 34.856 75.93 16
33 14 13.714 6 82.284 188.07 36

= 254 = 577.43 = 112

Coefficient of correlation, r = = 0.999

5. A gas is being compressed in a closed cylinder and the values of pressures and corresponding
volumes at constant temperature are as follows:
Pressure (kPa) 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300

Volume ( ) 0.034 0.036 0.030 0.027 0.024 0.025 0.020 0.019

Find the coefficient of correlation for these values.

A tabular method to determine the quantities is shown below.

P V p= v= pv

160 0.034 -70 0.007125 -0.49875 4900

50.7656

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 180 0.036 -50 0.009125 -0.45625 2500
83.2656
200 0.030 -30 0.003125 -0.09375 900
220 0.027 -10 0.000125 -0.00125 100 9.7656

240 0.024 10 -0.002875 -0.02875 100 0.0156

260 0.025 30 -0.001875 -0.05625 900
8.2656
280 0.020 50 -0.006875 -0.34375 2500
300 0.019 70 -0.007875 -0.55125 4900 3.5156

47.2656

62.0156

= -2.03 = 16800
= 264.875

Coefficient of correlation, r =
= - 0.962

6. The relationship between the number of miles travelled by a group of engineering salesmen in

ten equal time periods and the corresponding value of orders taken is given below. Calculate the

coefficient of correlation using the product-moment formula for these values.

Miles
travelled 1370 1050 980 1770 1340 1560 2110 1540 1480 1670
Orders taken
(£’000) 23 17 19 22 27 23 30 23 25 19

Let miles travelled = M and orders taken = O

A tabular method to determine the quantities is shown below.

M O m= o= mo

1370 23 - 117 0.2 - 23.4 13689 0.04

1050 17 - 437 - 5.8 2534.6 190969 33.64

1099
 980 19 - 507 - 3.8 1926.6 257049 14.44
1770 22 283 - 0.8 - 226.4 80089 0.64
1340 27 - 147 4.2 - 617.4 21609 17.64
1560 23 73 0.2 14.6 5329 0.04
2110 30 623 7.2 4485.6 388129 51.84
1540 23 0.2 10.6 2809 0.04
53
1480 25 2.2 - 15.4 49 4.84
-7
1670 19 - 3.8 - 695.4 33489 14.44
183

= =
7394 993210 = 137.6

Coefficient of correlation, r = = 0.632

7. The data shown below refers to the number of times machine tools had to be taken out of
service, in equal time periods, due to faults occurring and the number of hours worked by
maintenance teams. Calculate the coefficient of correlation for this data.
Machines out of service: 4 13 2 9 16 8 7
Maintenance hours: 400 515 360 440 570 380 415

A tabular method to determine the quantities is shown below, where X = machines out of service,

and Y = maintenance hours.

X Y x= y= xy

4 400 -4.4286 -40 177.144 19.6125 1600

13 515 4.5714 75 342.855 20.8977 5625
2 360 -6.4286 -80 514.288 41.3269 6400

1100
 9 440 0.5714 0 0 0.3265 0
16 570 7.5714 130 984.282 57.3261 16900
8 380 -0.4286 -60 25.716 0.1837 3600
7 415 -1.4286 -25 35.715 2.0409 625

= =
= 2080 141.714 34750

Coefficient of correlation, r = = 0.937

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