Lectures

Earnshaw's Spoilsport theorem Crevisited )

"

Imagine if the charge was being

①
hold stably
to

A
Gaussian Surface

The particle must move back if hold

⑦ ⇒ ⑦ stably

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lines must

\ ftp.b.IHII?gYsfidd

7th
be hold stably we need an

%
:*
In
is

is not negative
I charge within
the surface .
 Circulation
ofthe-E-fidd-adth.es#pdantiad
.

Electrostatic fields are conservative This .

means the
work done charge through an electrostatic field
moving a

does not depend on the path taken only the and points
,

This means we can

define a quantity called the
scalar potential We . can use tha potential to calculate
the electric field fdachostatic )
Scalar Potential of the system
← energy
potential
→
¢ =
µ

Feast Potential is actually

"
potential
and charge "
energy per
where A-

KITE or

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We need to define where
:
s

f- 4=0 (usually but not

direction
III. ⇒ nd.tn always at
,

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:*I
"

Ii
1.00=4-0
'
, .ae
path pointing in

of path
at that point .

F¥
from EE Ef o¥y
-0¥
E ⇐
off
-
-

,
 rf
?

IF

the
⇒ ⇒
How
curly is the field

Compant of an
E. dt
E- field integrated

whhatdoweme-a.by
along a
line
.

Circulation of E
§ E. de

Ind
=

a complete

E
whio-hofth.se#dsa-racwhs
?

r
a
,
The field has zero circulation it is
,

< + >
not curly
L ✓ ✓
§eE .dk -0

7 This field curly it has

§n
non
is
very
.

Zero circulation

§ E. defo

>
This field is abit curly
since
>

> §Edt to
-

>
 if

the
What happens integrate
we electrostatic
field around a closed loop ?
ran

At
k r

In an
electrostatic field we need only know the start and

endpoints of a path ,
not the route taken

Why
.

is this? As we round the loop there is much

go as

+ ve E -

field (in direction of path ) as there is -

re E , so

we got complete cancellation .

§E ;D I .
d
ftp.I.dt = O

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'

⇒
.dk = 0 In the E- field

electrostatics
always has zero circulation

Ah ! But E- tho above also the work done

qE so
means
going
around a complete loop will be zero .
A conservative field !