The question from the and of the last lecture .

Using the field line picture to infer

radiation fun an accelerating charge

1-

I 7
→
accelerate
the charge

L j

←
light
years ✓
away .

.
 A
µ+
K
F
€ 7I
-
/
I
light travel time
before ←

→
.
t
after
←

\
light
kink that
moves at speed
←
Field lines of
have no

knowledge
an
;1" cadarahed
"

see
thinking Physics "by
Epstein .
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Field due to a
ring of charge marks )
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⇒÷÷a⇐
.

'
total dEy
charge
%
All dEy components cancel
dE=tdg
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only want component d'

'
x cost

dEidEcoa=¥d¥¥⇒a=¥
⇒

.IE#pn:.E=Eit=ff.fITrpI .

Field due to whole P)

ring

⇐ Y¥s

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µ
disc of (YF)
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0=dQdQEq
=D
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ringds-2itrdrringofcha.ge
Surface area of
Surface charge density :

) ds

d⇐¥⇒¥
g.
=dQ=ods=0(2trdr )

d⇐Id¥%Ynts
EIhdduehoad.sc#argeln6marks

Efidtduato
Ex =L
x
all rings forming
'

the disc
sub E-

⇒ ⇐
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Cinfinite plane)
⇒
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 Vector the and Gauss's Law
⇒

QI How do we measure a A) use a surface to

vector field ? define the flux
vector field
For any

:L
aganardved-orfiddflw.off.sn?dsfsfifIIai
T surface
d ? - aviator area

d Ids

:t⇒÷
For an
open surface we
pick a direction
"
s :*

:%÷
:*
::*
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.

. .

E- field flux of its

En£%n
,
 It ?
ing

C.
Yes Gauss's
7ha
n'
find the total
law !
charge in box ? ¥
,

How it works
1) Define a
closed surface ( Gaussian Surface)

2) Is the total fhx through the surface . .

a) outwards (positive divergence

(negative divergence

charges
b) inwards

charge
C) zero

3) Congratulations ! You've found

(a) a not positive charge
④ a not negative charge
④ nothing ! or maybe lots o

that cancel or is outside the box

 Choosing a Gaussian surface

\ ot ot
bunch
Ot of charge

2) -
line of
charge

thing
⇒
17 -
.

We can choose anysurface we like but which -

Gaussian surfaces will make life easier ?