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ENGINEERING DRAWING II
TUTORIAL NO: 1

(CONVENTIONAL PRACTICES)
1. Draw front view and side view of the object shown in Figure P1.1. Use convention for the
radially arranged holes.
2. Draw front view and top view of the object shown in Figure P1.2. Use convention for the
radially arranged holes.

Figure P1.1 Figure P1.2

3. Draw sectional front view and top view of the objects shown in Figure P1.3. Use convention
for the radially arranged holes, ribs and spokes.

(a) (b)

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(c)
Figure P1.3
4. Top view and partial front view of an object shown in Figure P1.4. Draw its sectional front
view.

Figure P1.4
5. Draw auxiliary sectional view of the object shown in Figure P1.5. Use auxiliary cutting plane
passing though middle of the cylindrical hole.
6. Draw auxiliary sectional view of the object shown in Figure P1.6.

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Figure P1.5 Figure P1.6

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ENGINEERING DRAWING II
TUTORIAL NO: 2
(ISOMETRIC DRAWING I)
Draw an isometric drawing of the object with given orthographic views.

Figure P2.1 Figure P2.2

Figure P2.3 Figure P2.4

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Figure P2.5 Figure P2.6

Figure P2.7 Figure P2.8

Figure P2.9 Figure P2.10

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ENGINEERING DRAWING II
TUTORIAL NO: 3
(ISOMETRIC DRAWING II)
1. Draw an isometric drawing of the object with given orthographic views.

(a) (b)

(c)
Figure P3.1
2. Draw sectional isometric drawing of the object with given sectional front view and top view
as shown in Figure P3.2.

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3. Draw half sectional isometric drawing of the object with given half sectional front view and
top view as shown in Figure P3.3.
4. A cylindrical slab having 60 mm as diameter and 40 mm thickness is surmounted by a cube
of edge 40 mm. On the top of the cube rests a square pyramid of altitude 40 mm and side of
base 25 mm. The axes of the solids are in the same straight line. Draw the isomeric view of
the combination of these solids.
5. A sphere of diameter 45 mm rests centrally over a frustum of cone of base diameter 60 mm,
top diameter 40 mm and height 60 mm. Draw isometric projections of the combination of
solids.
6. A cylindrical slab of 70 mm as diameter and 40 mm thickness is surmounted by a frustum of
a square pyramid of base side 45 mm, top base side 25 mm and height 50 mm. The axes of
the two solids are on a common straight line. A sphere of diameter 40 mm is centrally placed
on top of the frustum. Draw the isometric view of the solids.

7. A cube of sides 60mm is resting on the ground. A cylinder of base diameter 50 mm and
height 60mm is kept over that. On top of the cylinder, a hexagonal pyramid of side of base 20
mm and altitude 40 mm is kept. The axis of the three solids lies in the same vertical line.
Draw the isometric view.

8. Draw the isometric projection of a cube of size 40 mm then compare with its isometric
drawing (view).

Figure P3.2 Figure P3.3

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ENGINEERING DRAWING II
TUTORIAL NO: 4
(OBLIQUE DRAWING)
Draw an oblique drawing of the object with given orthographic views.

Figure P4.1 Figure P4.2

Figure P4.3 Figure P4.4

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Figure P4.5 Figure P4.6

Figure P4.7 Figure P4.8

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ENGINEERING DRAWING II
TUTORIAL NO: 5
(PERSPECTIVE PROJECTION)
1. Draw parallel perspective for the objects shown in Figure 5.1 with given orthographic views. Use
parallel perspective for (a), (c), (e) and angular perspective for (b), (d), (f).

(a) (b) (c)

(d) (e) (f)

Figure P5.1
2. A square prism 30 mm side and 50 mm long is lying on the ground plane on one of its
rectangular faces in such a way that one of its square faces is parallel to 10 mm behind the
picture plane. The station point is located 50 mm in front of the picture plane and 40 mm above
the ground plane. The central plane is 45 mm away from the axis of the prism towards the left.
Draw the perspective view of the prism
3. A model of steps has 3 steps of 15 mm tread and rise 10 mm. The steps measure 60 mm wide.
The vertical edge of bottom steps, which is nearer to the picture plane, is 25 mm behind PP

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and the width of steps recede to the left at an angle of 300 to PP. The station point is 100 mm
in front of PP and 60 mm above the ground plane and 30 mm to the right of the vertical edge,
which is nearest to PP. Draw the perspective view of the model.
4. A square pyramid of base edge 40 mm and altitude 50 mm, rests with its base on the ground
plane such that all the edges of the base are equally inclined to the PP. One of the comers of
the base is touching the PP. The station point is 60 mm in front of the PP, 80 mm above the
ground plane and lies in a central plane which passes through the axis of the pyramid. Draw
the perspective projection.
5. Draw the perspective view of a tetrahedron of 30 mm edge when resting on ground plane on
one of its faces with one of resting edges parallel to the picture plane. The vertical axis of the
tetrahedron is in between this parallel edge and the picture plane, and 30 mm behind it. The
station point is 45 mm in front of the picture plane, 50 mm to the left of the axis and 40 mm
above the ground.

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ENGINEERING DRAWING II
TUTORIAL NO: 6
(LIMIT DIMENSIONING, SCREW THREADS AND RIVETTING)
1. Determine the tolerance for the components with the following basic size using empirical
relation. (a) 𝜙55 𝑚𝑚 for 𝐼𝑇6 (b) 𝜙75 𝑚𝑚 for 𝐼𝑇14.
2. Determine the upper and lower limits of a component specified by
(a) 𝜙 45 𝐻6 (b) 𝜙 75 𝑀7 (c) 𝜙 30 𝐷8 (d) 𝜙 50 ℎ8 (e) 𝜙 50 𝑗𝑠9 (f) 𝜙 60𝑟7
(g) 𝜙 55 𝑓6
3. For the following fits
(a) 30 𝐻7𝑟6 (b) 40 𝐻7𝑑9 (c) 50 𝐹7ℎ7 (d) 45 𝐽6ℎ7 (e) 35 𝑃7ℎ6
Determine: (i) Upper and lower limits of the hole
(ii) Upper and lower limits of the shaft
(iii) Allowance
(iv) Type of fit
(v) Basis of fit system.
4. Determine the limits of dimensions and type for fit designated by H8c11 for the basic size of
50 mm, assuming fundamental deviation for H and c respectively as 0 m above the basic size
line and 125 m below the basic size line and international tolerance grades for 8 and 11 as 39
m and 110 m.
5. Determine the limits of dimensions and type for fit designated by R7/h6 for the basic size of
60 mm, assuming fundamental deviation for R and h respectively as 41 m below the basic
size line and 0 m below the basic size line and international tolerance grades for 7 and 6 as
30 m and 19 m.
6. Determine the limits of dimensions and type for fit designated by J7/h6 for the basic size of
40 mm, assuming fundamental deviation for J and h respectively as 14 m above the basic
size line and 0 m above the basic size line and international tolerance grades for 7 and 6 as
25 m and 16 m.
7. Draw three orthographic views of a hexagonal head bolt for a nominal diameter of 20 𝑚𝑚.
8. Draw three orthographic views of a square nut for a nominal diameter of 20 𝑚𝑚.
9. Draw top view and sectional front view of the following riveted joints:
(a) Triple riveted chain lap joint with plate thickness of 12 𝑚𝑚.
(b) Double riveted zig-zag lap joint with plate thickness of 16 𝑚𝑚.
(c) Double riveted single strap chain butt joint with the plate thickness of 14 𝑚𝑚.
(d) Single riveted double strap chain butt joint with the plate thickness of 10 𝑚𝑚.
(e) Triple riveted single strap zig-zag butt joint with the plate thickness of 14 𝑚𝑚.
(f) Double riveted double strap zig-zag butt joint with the plate thickness of 16 𝑚𝑚.

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ENGINEERING DRAWING II
TUTORIAL NO: 7
(STANDRAD SYMBOLS FOR DIFFERENT ENGINEERING FIELDS)
1. Sketch free hand the graphical symbols for the following machining and surface roughness
items.

Surface may be produced by any method

Material removal by machining is required

Surface to be obtained without removal of material

Surface to be obtained by –casting, milling, Nickel

plated, precision grinding, fine turning, etc.

Surface to be coated

2. Sketch the following basic weld symbols.

Square butt joint

Single V-butt joint

Single bevel butt joint

Single V-butt joint with broad root face

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Single bevel butt joint with broad root face

Single U butt joint (parallel or sloping sides)

Single U butt joint

Backing weld joint

Fillet joint

Plug or slot weld

Spot weld

Seam weld

3. Sketch the following supplementary weld symbols.

Weld all around

Field weld

Flush contour

Convex contour

Concave contour

Grinding finish

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Machining finish

Chipping finish

4. Sketch the standard graphical symbols for the following common civil works.

City or town House

Building of any kind School

Temple Church

Unimproved
Mosque
highway

Improved highway Trail

Single track Double track

Electric railroad Ferry

Highway bridge Railroad bridge

Ford Dam

Telephone line Power line

State line County line

City corporate
Township line
limits

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Fence (any kind) Rail fence

Brabed wire fence Smooth wire fence

Stone fence Hedge fence

State capital County seat

Cemetery Mine quarry

Mine tunnel
Shaft
opening

Direction of mine tunnel Oil or gas wells

Tanks Cut

Embankment Levee

Department of
Army, Navy or Marine
commerce,
corps field
Intermediate fields

Commercial or
Revolving beacon
Municipal field

Marked auxiliary
Flashing beacon
field

Trees Orchard

Woods Grass

5. Sketch the standard graphical symbols for the following natural land formations.

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Depression
Contours
contours

Hill contours Hochures

Bluffs Sand

Sand dunes Glaciers

6. Sketch the standard graphical symbols for the following hydrographic features.

Stream River

Lake Rapids

Tidal swamp Cypress swamp

Fresh water swamp Salt water swamp

7. Sketch the standard graphical symbols for the following vegetation features.

Trees deciduous Trees coniferous

Willows Orchard

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Meadow Cultivated

Corn Cotton

8. Sketch the standard graphical symbols for the following plumbing works.

Joint (Nipple) Sleeve

Union Expansion joint

Elbow (side) Elbow (down)

Elbow (up) Elbow 450

Tee (ordinary) Tee (single sweep)

Tee (double sweep) Tee (outlet up)

Tee (outlet down) Lateral

Cross Cross over

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Reducer Reducer
conventional eccentric

Bend Plug

Gate valve Globe valve

Check valve Angle valve

Safety valve Diaphragm valve

Ball valve Solenoid valve

Float valve Butterfly valve

Regulating globe valve Plug valve

Control valve Hydraulic valve

Motor operated valve Elbow (reducing)

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Bushing Cap

Stop cock Relief valve

9. Sketch the standard graphical symbols for the following common structural sections.

Plate/Flat bar Tee

Channel I-beam

H-beam Round solid bar

Square solid bar Circular Tube

Square tube Rectangular tube

Unequal angle Equal angle

10. Sketch the standard graphical symbols for the following of electrical and electronic engineering works.

Resistor Variable resistor

Potentiometer Capacitor

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Variable capacitor Inductor/Coil

Switch (Single pole Switch (Double

single throw) pole single throw)

Switch (Single pole Switch (Double

double throw) pole double throw)

Multi contact selector

Push button switch
switch

Unipolar switch Bipolar switch

Changeover switch Socket outlets

Socket outlets, 5A
Socket outlets, 5A
with switch

Socket outlets, 15A with

Ground
switch

Frame and chassis

Fault
connection

Fault to frame Earth fault

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Plug Female Plug

Fuse Circuit breaker

Light bulb/Lamp Incandescent bulb

Lamp mounted on
Ballast lamp
ceiling

Group of three 40 W Lamp mounted on

bulbs wall

Luminaire light
Fluorescent Lamp
fixture

Thermistor Thermostat

Thermocouple Ammeter

Voltmeter Ohmmeter

Wattmeter Frequency meter

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Oscilloscope Galvanometer

Power frequency Directional coupler

Direct current Alternating current

Cell/Battery Battery pack

DC supply AC Supply

Electric motor
Transformer
(general)

DC Motor AC Motor

3 Phase motor Generator

AC Generator DC Generator

Electric line / cable Flexible conductor

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Wire connected Wire not connected

Line/ Electrical Line with three

conductor wires

Crossing and connecting

Existing cable
conductors

Planned cable Underground cable

Overhead power line Power line (AC)

Power line (DC) Arrester

Visual signaling device Electric contact

Receiver Repeater

Mechanically
Fan regulator
coupled machine

Amplifier Antenna

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Stereo headphone Microphone

Speaker Electric Bell

Buzzer Handset

Pickup Siren

Telephone-telegraph line Diode with filament

Diode Zener diode

Tunnel diode Schottky diode

Laser diode Photo diode

Light emitting diode Silicon controlled

(LED) rectifier

NPN Transistor PNP Transistor

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Phototransistor Full wave rectifier

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ENGINEERING DRAWING II
TUTORIAL NO: 8
(DETAIL DRAWINGS)

1. Make a complete set of detail drawings for a V-block Clamp shown in Figure P8.1.

Figure E8.1
2. Make a complete set of detail drawings for a C-clamp shown in Figure P8.2.

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Figure P8.2

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ENGINEERING DRAWING II
TUTORIAL NO: 9
(ASSEMBLY DRAWING I)
1. Figure P9.1 shows the details of an anti-vibration mount. Draw the front view with section
and top view of the assembly.

Figure P9.1

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2. Figure P9.2 shows the details of a universal coupling. Draw the front view with section and
side view of the assembly.

Figure P9.2

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3. Draw the front view with section and top view of the assembly with the detail drawing shown
in Figure P9.3.

Figure P9.3

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4. Figure P9.4 shows the details of a wheel support. Draw the front view with section and top
view of the assembly. Refer the exploded view shown in Figure P9.4(b).

Figure P9.4(a)

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Figure P9.4(b)

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ENGINEERING DRAWING II
TUTORIAL NO: 10
(ASSEMBLY DRAWING II)
1. Figure P10.1 shows the details of a bearing. Draw the front view with section and side view
of the assembly.

Figure P10.1

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2. Figure P10.2 shows the details of a tool post. Draw the front view with section and top view
of the assembly.

Figure P10.2

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3. Figure P10.3 shows the details of a stuffing box of a small steam engine. Draw the front view
with section and top view of the assembly. Show asbestos as packing material as in the
clearance space between the piston rod and the cylinder.

Figure P10.3

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4. Figure P10.4 shows the details of a footstep bearing. Draw the front view with section and top
view of the assembly.

Figure P10.4

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Figure 5.2: Degree of Accuracy Expected of Manufacturing Process
Empirical Relation for IT grades
𝑖 = 0.3 + 0.008 𝐷 for 𝐼𝑇01
𝑖 = 0.5 + 0.012 𝐷 for 𝐼𝑇0
𝑖 = 0.8 + 0.02 𝐷 for 𝐼𝑇1 to 𝐼𝑇4
𝑖 = 0.001 𝐷 + 0.45 𝐷 1/3 for 𝐼𝑇5 to 𝐼𝑇16
where 𝑖 is in microns and 𝐷 is in mm and 𝐷 is the geometric mean of the two dimeters in a step.

Figure 5.3: Tolerance Zones for Holes and Shafts

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 Table 5.1: Fundamental Deviations for Hole for Letter grades A to J
Diameter A B C D E F G H JS J J J
in mm 6 7 8
3 270 140 60 20 14 6 2 0 0 2 4 6
6 270 140 70 30 20 10 4 0 0 5 6 10
10 280 150 80 40 25 13 5 0 0 5 8 12
14 290 150 95 50 32 16 6 0 0 6 10 15
18 290 150 95 50 32 16 6 0 0 6 10 15
24 300 160 110 65 40 20 7 0 0 8 12 20
30 300 160 110 65 40 20 7 0 0 8 12 20
40 310 170 120 80 50 25 9 0 0 10 14 24
50 320 180 130 80 50 25 9 0 0 10 14 24
65 340 190 140 100 60 30 10 0 0 13 18 28
80 360 200 150 100 60 30 10 0 0 13 18 28
100 380 220 170 120 72 36 12 0 0 16 22 34
120 410 240 180 120 72 36 12 0 0 16 22 34
140 460 260 200 145 85 43 14 0 0 18 26 41
160 520 280 210 145 85 43 14 0 0 18 26 41
180 580 310 230 145 85 43 14 0 0 18 26 41
200 660 340 240 170 100 50 15 0 0 22 30 47
225 740 380 260 170 100 50 15 0 0 22 30 47
250 820 420 280 170 100 50 15 0 0 22 30 47
280 920 480 300 190 110 56 17 0 0 25 36 55
315 1050 540 330 190 110 56 17 0 0 25 36 55
355 1200 600 360 210 125 62 18 0 0 29 39 60
400 1350 680 400 210 125 62 18 0 0 29 39 60
450 1500 760 440 230 135 68 20 0 0 33 43 66
500 1650 840 480 230 135 68 20 0 0 33 43 66
560 X X 520 260 145 76 22 0 0 X X X
630 X X 580 260 145 76 22 0 0 X X X
710 X X 640 290 160 80 24 0 0 X X X
800 X X 700 290 160 80 24 0 0 X X X
900 X X 780 320 170 86 26 0 0 X X X
1000 X X 860 320 170 86 26 0 0 X X X
1120 X X 940 350 195 98 28 0 0 X X X
1250 X X 1050 350 195 98 28 0 0 X X X
1400 X X 1150 390 220 110 30 0 0 X X X
1600 X X 1300 390 220 110 30 0 0 X X X
1800 X X 1450 430 240 120 32 0 0 X X X
2000 X X 1600 430 240 120 32 0 0 X X X
2240 X X 1800 480 260 130 34 0 0 X X X
2500 X X 2000 480 260 130 34 0 0 X X X
2800 X X 2200 520 290 145 38 0 0 X X X
3150 X X 2500 520 290 145 38 0 0 X X X

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 Table 5.2: Fundamental Deviations for Hole for Letter grades K to Z
Diameter K M N N P R S T U V X Y Z ZA
in mm 8 9
3 0 -2 -4 -4 -6 -10 -14 X -18 X -20 X -26 -32
6 -1 -4 -8 0 -12 -15 -19 X -23 X -28 X -35 -42
10 -1 -6 -10 0 -15 -19 -23 X -28 X -34 X -42 -52
14 -1 -7 -12 0 -18 -23 -28 X -33 X -40 X -50 -64
18 -1 -7 -12 0 -18 -23 -28 X -33 -39 -45 X -60 -77
24 -2 -8 -15 0 -22 -28 -35 X -41 -47 -54 -63 -73 -98
30 -2 -8 -15 0 -22 -28 -35 -41 -48 -55 -64 -75 -88 -118
40 -2 -9 -17 0 -26 -34 -43 -48 -60 -68 -80 -94 -112 -148
50 -2 -9 -17 0 -26 -34 -43 -54 -70 -81 -97 -114 -136 -180
65 -2 -11 -20 0 -32 -41 -53 -66 -87 -102 -122 -144 -172 -226
80 -2 -11 -20 0 -32 -43 -59 -75 -102 -120 -146 -174 -210 -274
100 -3 -13 -23 0 -37 -51 -71 -91 -124 -146 -178 -214 -258 -335
120 -3 -13 -23 0 -37 -54 -79 -104 -144 -172 -210 -254 -310 -400
140 -3 -15 -27 0 -43 -63 -92 -122 -170 -202 -248 -300 -365 -470
160 -3 -15 -27 0 -43 -65 -100 -134 -190 -228 -280 -340 -415 -535
180 -3 -15 -27 0 -43 -68 -108 -146 -210 -252 -310 -380 -465 -600
200 -4 -17 -31 0 -50 -77 -122 -166 -236 -284 -340 -425 -520 -670
225 -4 -17 -31 0 -50 -80 -130 -180 -258 -310 -385 -470 -575 -740
250 -4 -17 -31 0 -50 -84 -140 -196 -284 -340 -425 -520 -640 -820
280 -4 -20 -34 0 -56 -94 -158 -218 -315 -385 -475 -580 -710 -920
315 -4 -20 -34 0 -56 -98 -170 -240 -350 -425 -525 -650 -790 -1000
355 -4 -21 -37 0 -62 -108 -190 -268 -390 -475 -590 -730 -900 -1150
400 -4 -21 -37 0 -62 -114 -208 -294 -435 -530 -660 -820 -1000 -1300
450 -5 -23 -40 0 -68 -126 -232 -330 -490 -595 -740 -920 -1100 -1450
500 -5 -23 -40 0 -68 -132 -252 -360 -540 -660 -820 -1000 -1250 -1600
560 0 -26 -44 -44 -78 -150 -280 -400 -600 -740 X X X X
630 0 -26 -44 -44 -78 -155 -310 -450 -660 -820 X X X X
710 0 -30 -50 -50 -88 -175 -340 -500 -740 -920 X X X X
800 0 -30 -50 -50 -88 -185 -380 -560 -840 -1000 X X X X
900 0 -34 -56 -56 -100 -210 -430 -620 -940 -1150 X X X X
1000 0 -34 -56 -56 -100 -220 -470 -680 -1050 -1300 X X X X
1120 0 -40 -66 -66 -120 -250 -520 -780 -1150 -1450 X X X X
1250 0 -40 -66 -66 -120 -260 -580 -840 -1300 -1600 X X X X
1400 0 -48 -78 -78 -140 -300 -640 -960 -1450 -1800 X X X X
1600 0 -48 -78 -78 -140 -330 -720 -1050 -1600 -2000 X X X X
1800 0 -58 -92 -92 -170 -370 -820 -1200 -1850 -2300 X X X X
2000 0 -58 -92 -92 -170 -400 -920 -1350 -2000 -2500 X X X X
2240 0 -68 -110 -110 -195 -440 -1000 -1500 -2300 -2800 X X X X
2500 0 -68 -110 -110 -195 -460 -1100 -1650 -2500 -3100 X X X X
2800 0 -76 -135 -135 -240 -550 -1250 -1900 -2900 -3500 X X X X
3150 0 -76 -135 -135 -240 -580 -1400 -2100 -3200 -3900 X X X X

41
 Table 5.3: Fundamental Deviations for Shaft for Letter grades a to j
Diameter a b c d e f g h js j j j
in mm 5 6 7
3 -270 -140 -60 -20 -14 -6 -2 0 0 -2 -2 -4
6 -270 -140 -70 -30 -20 -10 -4 0 0 -2 -2 -4
10 -280 -150 -80 -40 -25 -13 -5 0 0 -2 -2 -5
14 -290 -150 -95 -50 -32 -16 -6 0 0 -3 -3 -6
18 -290 -150 -95 -50 -32 -16 -6 0 0 -3 -3 -6
24 -300 -160 -110 -65 -40 -20 -7 0 0 -4 -4 -8
30 -300 -160 -110 -65 -40 -20 -7 0 0 -4 -4 -8
40 -310 -170 -120 -80 -50 -25 -9 0 0 -5 -5 -10
50 -320 -180 -130 -80 -50 -25 -9 0 0 -5 -5 -10
65 -340 -190 -140 -100 -60 -30 -10 0 0 -7 -7 -12
80 -360 -200 -150 -100 -60 -30 -10 0 0 -7 -7 -12
100 -380 -220 -170 -120 -72 -36 -12 0 0 -9 -9 -15
120 -410 -240 -180 -120 -72 -36 -12 0 0 -9 -9 -15
140 -460 -260 -200 -145 -85 -43 -14 0 0 -11 -11 -18
160 -520 -280 -210 -145 -85 -43 -14 0 0 -11 -11 -18
180 -580 -310 -230 -145 -85 -43 -14 0 0 -11 -11 -18
200 -660 -340 -240 -170 -100 -50 -15 0 0 -13 -13 -21
225 -740 -380 -260 -170 -100 -50 -15 0 0 -13 -13 -21
250 -820 -420 -280 -170 -100 -50 -15 0 0 -13 -13 -21
280 -920 -480 -300 -190 -110 -56 -17 0 0 -16 -16 -26
315 -1050 -540 -330 -190 -110 -56 -17 0 0 -16 -16 -26
355 -1200 -600 -360 -210 -125 -62 -18 0 0 -18 -18 -28
400 -1350 -680 -400 -210 -125 -62 -18 0 0 -18 -18 -28
450 -1500 -760 -440 -230 -135 -68 -20 0 0 -20 -20 -32
500 -1650 -840 -480 -230 -135 -68 -20 0 0 -20 -20 -32
560 X X -520 -260 -145 -76 -22 0 0 X X X
630 X X -580 -260 -145 -76 -22 0 0 X X X
710 X X -640 -290 -160 -80 -24 0 0 X X X
800 X X -700 -290 -160 -80 -24 0 0 X X X
900 X X -780 -320 -170 -86 -26 0 0 X X X
1000 X X -860 -320 -170 -86 -26 0 0 X X X
1120 X X -940 -350 -195 -98 -28 0 0 X X X
1250 X X -1050 -350 -195 -98 -28 0 0 X X X
1400 X X -1150 -390 -220 -110 -30 0 0 X X X
1600 X X -1300 -390 -220 -110 -30 0 0 X X X
1800 X X -1450 -430 -240 -120 -32 0 0 X X X
2000 X X -1600 -430 -240 -120 -32 0 0 X X X
2240 X X -1800 -480 -260 -130 -34 0 0 X X X
2500 X X -2000 -480 -260 -130 -34 0 0 X X X
2800 X X -2200 -520 -290 -145 -38 0 0 X X X
3150 X X -2500 -520 -290 -145 -38 0 0 X X X

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 Table 5.4: Fundamental Deviations for Shaft for Letter grades k to z
Diameter k k m n p r s t u v x y z za
in mm 4-7 8
3 0 0 2 4 6 10 14 X 18 X 20 X 26 32
6 1 0 4 8 12 15 19 X 23 X 28 X 35 42
10 1 0 6 10 15 19 23 X 28 X 34 X 42 52
14 1 0 7 12 18 23 28 X 33 X 40 X 50 64
18 1 0 7 12 18 23 28 X 33 39 45 X 60 77
24 2 0 8 15 22 28 35 X 41 47 54 63 73 98
30 2 0 8 15 22 28 35 41 48 55 64 75 88 118
40 2 0 9 17 26 34 43 48 60 68 80 94 112 148
50 2 0 9 17 26 34 43 54 70 81 97 114 136 180
65 2 0 11 20 32 41 53 66 87 102 122 144 172 226
80 2 0 11 20 32 43 59 75 102 120 146 174 210 274
100 3 0 13 23 37 51 71 91 124 146 178 214 258 335
120 3 0 13 23 37 54 79 104 144 172 210 254 310 400
140 3 0 15 27 43 63 92 122 170 202 248 300 365 470
160 3 0 15 27 43 65 100 134 190 228 280 340 415 535
180 3 0 15 27 43 68 108 146 210 252 310 380 465 600
200 4 0 17 31 50 77 122 166 236 284 350 425 520 670
225 4 0 17 31 50 80 130 180 258 310 385 470 575 740
250 4 0 17 31 50 84 140 196 284 340 425 520 640 820
280 4 0 20 34 56 94 158 218 315 385 475 580 710 920
315 4 0 20 34 56 98 170 240 350 425 525 650 790 1000
355 4 0 21 37 62 108 190 268 390 475 590 730 900 1150
400 4 0 21 37 62 114 208 294 435 530 660 820 1000 1300
450 5 0 23 40 68 126 232 330 490 595 740 920 1100 1450
500 5 0 23 40 68 132 252 360 540 660 820 1000 1250 1600
560 0 0 26 44 78 150 280 400 600 740 X X X X
630 0 0 26 44 78 155 310 450 660 820 X X X X
710 0 0 30 50 88 175 340 500 740 920 X X X X
800 0 0 30 50 88 185 380 560 840 1000 X X X X
900 0 0 34 56 100 210 430 620 940 1150 X X X X
1000 0 0 34 56 100 220 470 680 1050 1300 X X X X
1120 0 0 40 66 120 250 520 780 1150 1450 X X X X
1250 0 0 40 66 120 260 580 840 1300 1600 X X X X
1400 0 0 48 78 140 300 640 960 1450 1800 X X X X
1600 0 0 48 78 140 330 720 1050 1600 2000 X X X X
1800 0 0 58 92 170 370 820 1200 1850 2300 X X X X
2000 0 0 58 92 170 400 920 1350 2000 2500 X X X X
2240 0 0 68 110 195 440 1000 1500 2300 2800 X X X X
2500 0 0 68 110 195 460 1100 1650 2500 3100 X X X X
2800 0 0 76 135 240 550 1250 1900 2900 3500 X X X X
3150 0 0 76 135 240 580 1400 2100 3200 3900 X X X X

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 Table 5.5: International tolerance grades in microns

Basic
Size IT01 IT0 IT1 IT2 IT3 IT4 IT5 IT6 IT7 IT8 IT9 IT10 IT11 IT12 IT13 IT14 IT15 IT16
(mm)

3 0.3 0.5 0.8 1.2 2 3 4 6 10 14 25 40 60 100 140 250 400 600

6 0.4 0.6 1 1.5 2.5 4 5 8 12 18 30 48 75 120 180 300 480 750
10 0.4 0.6 1 1.5 2.5 4 6 9 15 22 36 58 90 150 220 360 580 900
18 0.5 0.8 1.2 2 3 5 8 11 18 27 43 70 110 180 270 430 700 1100
30 0.6 1 1.5 2.5 4 6 9 13 21 33 52 84 130 210 330 520 840 1300
50 0.6 1 1.5 2.5 4 7 11 16 25 39 62 100 160 250 390 620 1000 1600
80 0.8 1.2 2 3 5 8 13 19 30 46 74 120 190 300 460 740 1200 1900
120 1 1.5 2.5 4 6 10 15 22 35 54 87 140 220 350 540 870 1400 2200
180 1.2 2 3.5 5 8 12 18 25 40 63 100 160 250 400 630 1000 1600 2500
250 2 3 4.5 7 10 14 20 29 46 72 115 185 290 460 720 1150 1850 2900
315 2.5 4 6 8 12 16 23 32 52 81 130 210 320 520 810 1300 2100 3200
400 3 5 7 9 13 18 25 36 57 89 140 230 360 570 890 1400 2300 3600
500 4 6 8 10 15 20 27 40 63 97 155 250 400 630 970 1550 2500 4000
630 4.5 6 9 11 16 22 32 44 70 110 175 280 440 700 1100 1750 2800 4400
800 5 7 10 13 18 25 36 50 80 125 200 320 500 800 1250 2000 3200 5000
1000 5.5 8 11 15 21 28 40 56 90 140 230 360 560 900 1400 2300 3600 5600
1250 6.5 9 13 18 24 33 47 66 105 165 260 420 660 1050 1650 2600 4200 6600
1600 8 11 15 21 29 39 55 78 125 195 310 500 780 1250 1950 3100 5000 7800
2000 9 13 18 25 35 46 65 92 150 230 370 600 920 1500 2300 3700 6000 9200
2500 11 15 22 30 41 55 78 110 175 280 440 700 1100 1750 2800 4400 7000 1100
3150 13 18 26 36 50 68 96 135 210 330 540 860 1350 2100 3300 5400 8600 13500

Table 5.6: Multiplier for Standard Tolerance Unit 𝒊 for Different IT Grades
Grade IT5 IT6 IT7 IT8 IT9 IT10 IT11 IT12 IT13 IT14 IT15 IT16
Tolerance Values 7𝑖 10𝑖 16𝑖 25𝑖 40𝑖 64𝑖 100𝑖 160𝑖 250𝑖 400𝑖 640𝑖 1000𝑖

44
Figure 5.20: Surface Roughness Produced by Different Production Processes

45
Table 5.8: Roughness Grade number and Symbol

Roughness Value (𝝁𝒎) Roughness Grade Number Roughness Symbol

50 N12
25 N11
12.5 N10
6.3 N9
3.2 N8
1.6 N7
0.8 N6
0.4 N5
0.2 N4
0.1 N3
0.05 N2
0.025 N1

46