DPM 30

A to E

A. Words along with their meaning, Pronunciation and usage

Beatitude /bɪˈatɪtjuːd/

[Noun] 1) supreme blessedness.

2) the blessings listed by Jesus in the Sermon on the Mount (Matt. 5:3-11).

3) a title given to patriarchs in the Orthodox Church.

Usage 1) – They have adopted an expression of beatitude which many find fake.

Origin – late Middle English: from Old French beatitude or Latin beatitudo, from beatus
‘blessed’.

Bacchanalian /ˌbakəˈneɪlɪən/

[Adjective] characterized by or given to drunken revelry.

Usage – The party quickly became a bacchanalian affair.

Origin – The Bacchanalia were Roman festivals of Bacchus, the Greco-Roman god of wine,
freedom, intoxication and ecstasy. They were based on the Greek Dionysia and the Dionysian
mysteries, and probably arrived in Rome c. 200 BC via the Greek colonies in southern Italy, and
from Etruria, Rome's northern neighbour.

Bate /beɪt/

[Noun] 1) an angry mood.

[Verb] 2) (of a hawk) beat the wings in agitation and flutter off the perch.

Usage 1) – He was in a prolonged bate.

Usage 2) – The hawks bated and immediately the breeze got in their feathers.

Origin – 1) mid-19th century: from the verb bait ‘torment’, expressing the notion ‘state of a baited
person’. 2) late Middle English: from Old French batre ‘to beat’.

Benison /ˈbɛnɪz(ə)n,ˈbɛnɪs(ə)n/

[Noun] a blessing.

Usage – The rewards and benisons of charity are well known.

Origin - Middle English: from Old French beneiçun, from Latin benediction.

Bowdlerize /ˈbaʊdlərʌɪz/

[Verb] remove material that is considered improper or offensive from (a text or account),
especially with the result that the text becomes weaker or less effective.

Usage – Every edition of his letters has been bowdlerized.

Origin – mid-19th century: from the name of Dr Thomas Bowdler (1754–1825), who published an
expurgated edition of Shakespeare in 1818, + -ize.

Browbeat /ˈbraʊbiːt/

[Verb] intimidate (someone), typically into doing something, with stern or abusive words.

Usage – The witnesses were browbeaten under cross-examination.

Origin - "to bear down with stern or arrogant looks," 1580s, from brow + beat. [I]t appears from
the earliest quotations ... that the brow in question was that of the beater, not of the beaten
party; but it is not evident whether the meaning was 'to beat with one's (frowning) brows,' or 'to
beat (?lower) one's brows at.'

Ball and chain

[Noun] 1) a heavy metal ball secured by a chain to the leg of a prisoner to prevent escape.
 2)used to convey the idea that someone or something is a crippling encumbrance.

Usage 2) – The ball and chain of debt has clipped the wings of many entrepreneurs.

Bee in (your) bonnet

[Phrase] when one is obsessed with something and can't stop thinking about it. This phrase is
often used when one is worried or angry about something.

Usage - He's got a real bee in his bonnet about people having many cars.

Blitzkrieg

[German] intense, rapid attack. Literally “lightning war”.

Usage – His comments were followed by a blitzkrieg of angry replies.

Bona fide

[Latin] in good faith. More generally (outside the more legal meaning) it means genuine or
authentic.

Usage – He was the bona fide actor of his time.

B. RC Passage (with Link)

Article 1: https://indianexpress.com/article/express-sunday-eye/naseeruddin-shah-irrfan-khan-
death-6390360/

Summary : This obituary is a one-of-a-kind tribute to fellow actor Irrfan Khan by the veteran actor
Naseeruddin Shah. Shah shares how he had ‘never seen an Irrfan performance when the actor
looked out of place’. He points out how intelligence always shone through Irrfan’s acting, and how
his craft was honed by his being ‘conditioned by life, not by Hindi cinema’. Comparing Irrfan to
other acting greats—De Niro, Day-Lewis and Brando—Shah highlights how Irrfan too invested
‘very heavily emotionally’ in his performances. He recalls that Irrfan had a ‘peculiar charisma’—it
did not matter if someone has seen his performance; what mattered was that he gave his best to
create them.

Article 2: https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/opinion/city-columns/how-the-lockdown-is-
triggering-a-constitutional-crisis/articleshow/75513611.cms

Summary : This article examines the notification issued by the Union Ministry for Home Affairs in
the context of how it impacts our daily lives as the nationwide lockdown, in response to the Covid-
19 pandemic, gets extended for the third time. The author points out that The Disaster
Management Act is a law passed by Parliament under the concurrent list, which cannot be used
to legally compel state governments on issues under the states’ list of the Constitution. The orders
issued under this Act however impact the powers of states and local bodies, as well as the
fundamental rights of citizens. The article expresses concern about its broader implications —in
terms of whether the Disaster Management Act of 2005 has replaced the Constitution of India,
and how it impacts the federal structure.

Article 3: The ‘organic child’ ideal holds mothers to an impossible standard

https://aeon.co/ideas/the-organic-child-ideal-holds-mothers-to-an-impossible-standard

Summary : The ideal of the organic child places a load of care-work on mothers’ shoulders. In
practical terms, it means keeping up with the growing list of harmful chemicals lurking in
seemingly nutritious snacks, developing new strategies for sneaking vegetables into kid-friendly
meals, and preventing children from clamouring for the newest sugary temptation.
Article 4: History Shows That When Prejudice Overrides Science, Public Health Is at
Risk

https://time.com/5822816/race-public-health-history/

Summary :Toward the end of the 19th century, the superintendent of Georgia’s State
Asylum, T.O. Powell, developed a theory to explain rising numbers of tuberculosis and
insanity cases among the state’s African American population. The problem, he
asserted, was that Emancipation eliminated the slave system’s healthful effects — a
remarkably ahistorical claim that ignored not only slavery’s brutality but also a similar
post-war epidemic in white people.

Article 5: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/05/200506133614.htm

Summary : Researchers have uncovered how bats can carry the Middle East respiratory
syndrome (MERS) coronavirus without getting sick -- research that could shed light on how
coronaviruses make the jump to humans and other animals.
C. RC Passage (with Questions)

In his Nature’s Metropolis ,William Cronon argues that a symbiotic relationship exists between
cities and their hinterlands. His historical research gathered primary artifacts such as newspaper
clippings, original invoices, census data, court rulings, federal bankruptcy data and guidebooks.
Secondary artifacts included Journal articles and text. Using these diverse sources, he presents
an absorbing descriptive narrative that captures human successes and tragedies of the
interrelationship between the city and the country.

Cronon has fully accomplished his goal of combining economic and environmental history in a
way that will, if not excite, then at least intrigue. As Runge assessed, they contain lessons for
economists who fail to see the link between economic and market expansion and the depletion
of the very resources that made that expansion possible. Cronon accurately describes the
abstract quality of commodities and the resulting moral and ecological distancing in production
and consumption. The role of place in economic theory was made evident in Cronon’s book.

Cronon was so steeped in history that he tends to assume that his readers know more than they
actually do, such as his numerous references to historian Frederick Jackson Turner, and yet
they are never given a proper introduction to this influential figure. In this sense, his audience is
somewhat limited to historians of the book’s copyright date. The validity and reliability of primary
bankruptcy data is addressed by examining a period of national economic recession and
assuming similar nationwide impacts. Basically ,the details are commendable ;using articles
from newspapers and industry newsletters to research every intricacy, he seems to have
omitted nothing about the industry's effect on the market and business. The laborer is treated
with as much attention as the business owners. At times, we have to accept that he gets so
caught up with minutia that is points tend to favor and lose their power and emphasis. Critics
suggest that Cronan's focus on only three major industries attributes greater weight to those
industries in Chicago's development, while ignoring the equally important geographic rules of
iron and coal and industrial roles of foundries and machine shops. This assessment is perhaps
too critical as Cronon is merely writing about industries that are typical and representative of
Chicago's relationship with its hinterland.
Q1) The passage is primarily concerned with

(A) Criticizing a particular author’s work.

(B) Evaluating a scholarly work.
(C) Comparing different views on economic development.
(D) Emphasizing the diversity of historical resources.

Q2) The author of the passage considers the book Nature’s Metropolis with

(A) Uncritical respect.

(B) Qualified approval.
(C) Mild disapproval.
(D) Ambivalence.

Q3) The author responds to critic’s suggestion about Cronon’s focus on only three major
industries by

(A) Questioning the knowledge of critics.

(B) Toning down the importance of iron and coal industries.
(C) Pointing out that the information is not relevant.
(D) Supporting the validity of the evidence used in the book.

Q4) All of the following are presented to be the shortcomings of the book EXCEPT

(A) Failure to identify the link between economic development and depletion of natural
resources.
(B) Presumption of advanced historical knowledge on the part of the readers.
(C) Deviation from the central point due to undue emphasis on minor details.
(D) Reduced accessibility to laypersons.
D. Quantitative Aptitude

Q.1 Prof. Mathur and Prof. Singh met in the All India Historians' conference last week. Prof.
Mathur told Prof. Singh, "I found out that your teaching experience (in years) is twice that of
mine." Prof. Singh replied in the affirmative. Prof. Mathur continued, "But last time when both of
us came to the same conference, I remember that your teaching experience was thrice that of
mine. “That was two years ago," Prof. Singh said. How many years has Prof. Singh been
teaching?

Q.2 1000 people voted on a resolution and 10% of the votes were invalid. After some
discussion, the 1,000 people voted again and this time there were 20% invalid votes. The
opponents increased by 50% while the motion was now rejected by a majority which is 300%
more than that by which it was formerly passed. How many people voted against the resolution
after the discussion?

Q.3 the History teacher was referring to a year in the nineteenth century. Rohan found an easy
way to remember the year. He found that when the number is viewed in a mirror held parallel to
the page, the value increased to 4.5 times itself. Which year was the teacher referring to?

Q.4 Anil left his house for school a few minutes late, but he travelled at 4/3 rdof his usual speed
and reached school as many minutes early. If on the next day he left home as many minutes
early as he was late the previous day and travelled at 8/11 th of his usual speed, he would have
reached the school
(A) as many minutes late. (B) twice as many minutes late.

(C) thrice as many minutes late (D) Cannot be determined

Directions for questions 5 and 6: These questions are based on the following data.

A person can dig a well at a rate of 10m (in depth) per day. However, every day he finds that
(1/5)th of the total depth to which he dug at the end of the day gets filled up with mud again by
the time the next day work begins.

Q.5 When can he finish digging a well 30 m deep ? (Assume that when he reaches a depth of
30 m, the walls of the well are cemented so that it doesn't fill up with mud again)

(A) In exactly 4 days (B) On the 5th day

(C) In exactly 5 days (D) On the 6thday

Q.6 What was the depth of the well at the beginning of the fourth day?

(A) 14.4 m (B) 19.52 m (C) 23.616 m (D) 24.72 m

Q.7 Anoop managed to draw three circles of equal radii on the diagonal of a square such that
the extreme circles touch two sides of the square and the middle circle. then find the ratio of the
radius of the circles to the side of the square.

(A) 1: (7 - 4 √2) (B) 1 : ( 2 + 2√2) (C) 1 : ( 2 - √2) (D) None of these

Q.8 A player throws a dice. If 1 or 2 turns up, he is given Rs10. If 3 or 4 turn up, he is given
Rs20 and if 5 or 6 turn up, he gets a chance to throw the dice once again. What is his expected
gain in the long run? (in Rs)

(A) 12 (B) 15 (С) 18 (D) None of these

Q.9 How many 6 digit-numbers of the form ‘abcabc’ are multiples of 301?

(A) 22 (B) 21 (С) 23 (D) None of these

Q.10. Find the sum of the first n terms of the series

(3/4) + (5/36) + (7/144) + (9/400) + ……..

(A) (n2 + n)/(n2 + 2n + 1) (B) (n2)/(n2 + 2n + 1) (C)(2 n)/(n2 + 2n + 1) (D) None of these
E. DILR – 1 Set

Directions for questions Q.1 to Q.4: These questions are based on the following
information.

The following is a network of six dams - S, A, B, C, D and E - where S is the source dam, which
provides just the necessary supply to each of the other dams and has no minimum requirement
for itself.

In the above diagram, the direction of flow in the canals connecting one dam to the other is
given. Neither the requirement at any dam nor the flow (in cusecs) in any of the pipelines is zero
and is always a multiple of 100.Further

(i) The requirement at A is 500 cusecs and that at E is same as that at B.

(ii) The requirement at C is twice of that at D.

(iii) The total of the flows in the canal connecting A and C and that connecting B and D is 900
cusecs.

(iv) The flow in the canal connecting S and B is 100 cusecs less than the flow in the canal
connecting S and A.

(v) The maximum possible flow in any canal is 900 cusecs and for any canal the difference
between the maximum possible flow and the actual flow is called the slack in that canal.
Q.1 What is the difference (in cusecs) between the requirements of the dams C and E?

(A) 100 (B) 200 (С) 300 (D) 400

Q.2 What is the slack (in cusecs) in the canal connecting the dams A and C?

(А) 300 (В) 400 (C) 600 (D) cannot be determined

Q.3 What is the difference (In cusecs) between the flows in the pipeline connecting A and B and
that connecting C and D?

(A) 100 (B) 500 (C) 300 (D) 200

Q.4 What is the difference (in cusecs) between the requirements of the dams B and D?

(А) 100 (B) 200 (C) 300 (D) 400

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