Chapter 4 The Major Classes of Chemical Reactions

Student: ______________________________________________________________________

1. Potassium chloride, KCl, sodium sulfate, Na2SO4, glucose, C6H12O6, carbon dioxide, CO2
and ammonium phosphate, (NH4)3PO4, are soluble in water. Which one produces the
largest number of dissolved particles per mole of dissolved solute?
A. KCl
B. Na2SO4
C. C6H12O6
D. CO2
E. (NH4)3PO4

2. Potassium carbonate, K2CO3, sodium iodide, NaI, magnesium chloride, MgCl2, methanol,
CH3OH, and ammonium chloride, NH4Cl, are soluble in water. Which produces the largest
number of dissolved particles per mole of dissolved solute?
A. K2CO3
B. NaI
C. MgCl2
D. CH3OH
E. NH4Cl

3. How many moles of ions are released when 0.27 mol of cobalt(II) chloride, CoCl2, is
dissolved in water?
A. 0.81 mol
B. 0.54 mol
C. 0.27 mol
D. 0.18 mol
E. 0.090 mol

4. How many moles of ions are released when 1.6 mol of ammonium phosphate, (NH4)3PO4,
is dissolved in water?
A. 0.40 mol
B. 1.6 mol
C. 3.2 mol
D. 4.8 mol
E. 6.4 mol
5. How many moles of H+(aq) ions are present in 750 mL of 0.65 M hydrochloric acid?
A. 1.2 mol
B. 0.98 mol
C. 0.87 mol
D. 0.65 mol
E. 0.49 mol

6. How many moles of H+(aq) ions are present in 1.25 L of 0.75 M nitric acid?
A. 0.60 mol
B. 0.75 mol
C. 0.94 mol
D. 1.7 mol
E. 1.9 mol

7. How many sodium ions are present in 325 mL of 0.850 M Na2SO4?

A. 1.66 × 1023 sodium ions
B. 3.33 × 1023 sodium ions
C. 4.99 × 1023 sodium ions
D. 6.20 × 1023 sodium ions
E. 1.57 × 1024 sodium ions

8. Which of the following is most soluble in water?

A. benzene, C6H6
B. potassium nitrate, KNO3
C. carbon tetrachloride, CCl4
D. hexane, C6H14
E. ethane, C2H4

9. Which of the following will be least soluble in water?

A. potassium sulfate, K2SO4
B. ammonium nitrate, NH4NO3
C. chloromethane, CH3Cl
D. calcium chloride, CaCl2
E. ethanol, C2H6O

10. Which one of the following ionic compounds is insoluble in water?

A. Na3PO4
B. AgNO3
C. NaCl
D. CaCO3
E. MgCl2
11. Which one of the following ionic compounds is soluble in water?
A. Na2S
B. PbI2
C. AgCl
D. CuS
E. Ca3(PO4)2

12. Which of the following solutions will be the poorest conductor of electrical current?
A. sucrose, C12H22O11(aq)
B. sodium chloride, NaCl(aq)
C. potassium nitrate, KNO3(aq)
D. lithium hydroxide, LiOH(aq)
E. sulfuric acid, H2SO4(aq)

13. Which of the following solutions will be the best conductor of electrical current?
A. methyl alcohol, CH3OH(aq)
B. glucose, C6H12O6(aq)
C. potassium chloride, KCl(aq)
D. bromine, Br2(aq)
E. ethylene glycol, C2H6O2(aq)

14. 1.0 M aqueous solutions of the following substances are prepared. Which one would you
expect to have the lowest electrical conductivity?
A. NaOH
B. CH3CH2OH (ethanol)
C. KBr
D. CH3COOH (acetic acid)
E. HClO4

15. Which one of the following substances, when dissolved in water at equal molar
concentrations, will give the solution with the lowest electrical conductivity?
A. CaCl2
B. HNO3
C. NH3
D. C6H12O6 (glucose)
E. CO2

16. Which one of the following substances is the best electrolyte?

A. CO
B. CH3Cl
C. CH4
D. C2H5OH
E. HCl
17. In the following reaction, what ions, if any, are spectator ions?
Pb(NO3)2(aq) + 2NaCl(aq) → PbCl2(s) + 2NaNO3(aq)
A. Pb2+(aq), Cl¯(aq)
B. Na+(aq), NO3¯(aq)
C. Pb2+(aq), NO3¯(aq)
D. Na+(aq), Cl¯(aq)
E. There are no spectator ions in this reaction.

18. What, if any, are the spectator ions when aqueous solutions of HBr and RbOH neutralize
each other?
A. H+ and OH¯
B. H+ and Rb+
C. Rb+ and Br¯
D. Br¯ and OH¯
E. There are no spectator ions in this reaction.

19. Magnesium carbonate, MgCO3, is insoluble. Identify the spectator ions when aqueous
solutions of sodium carbonate and magnesium chloride are combined.
A. Mg2+ and CO32¯
B. Na+ and Cl¯
C. Mg2+ and Cl¯
D. Na+ and CO32¯
E. None of these choices correctly identifies the spectator ions.

20. Select the precipitate that forms when the following reactants are mixed.
Na2CO3(aq) + BaCl2(aq) →
A. Ba2CO3
B. BaCO3
C. NaCl
D. NaCl2
E. BaO

21. Select the precipitate that forms when the following reactants are mixed.
Mg(CH3COO)2(aq) + LiOH(aq) →
A. LiCH3COO
B. Li(CH3COO)2
C. MgOH
D. Mg(OH)2
E. CH3OH

22. Select the precipitate that forms when aqueous ammonium sulfide reacts with aqueous
copper(II) nitrate.
A. CuS
B. Cu2S
C. NH4NO3
D. NH4(NO3)2
E. CuSO4
23. Select the precipitate that forms when aqueous lead(II) nitrate reacts with aqueous sodium
sulfate.
A. NaNO3
B. Na2NO3
C. PbSO4
D. Pb2SO4
E. PbS

24. Select the correct name and chemical formula for the precipitate that forms when the
following reactants are mixed.
CuCl2(aq) + Na2CO3(aq) →
A. copper(I) carbonate, Cu2CO3
B. copper(II) carbonate, Cu2CO3
C. copper(I) carbonate, CuCO3
D. copper(II) carbonate, CuCO3
E. sodium chloride, NaCl

25. Select the correct name and chemical formula for the precipitate that forms when the
following reactants are mixed.
CoSO4(aq) + (NH4)3PO4(aq) →
A. cobalt(II) phosphate, Co3(PO4)2
B. cobalt(III) phosphate, Co3(PO4)2
C. cobalt(II) phosphate, CoPO4
D. cobalt(III) phosphate, CoPO4
E. ammonium sulfate, (NH4)2SO4

26. Select the net ionic equation for the reaction between sodium chloride and mercury(I)
nitrate.
2NaCl(aq) + Hg2(NO3)2(aq) → NaNO3(aq) + Hg2Cl2(s)
A. Na+(aq) + NO3¯(aq) → NaNO3(aq)
B. Hg22+(aq) + 2Cl¯(aq) → Hg2Cl2(s)
C. NaCl(aq) → Na+(aq) + Cl¯(aq)
D. Hg2(NO3)2(aq) → Hg22+(aq) + 2NO3¯(aq)
E. Hg22+(aq) → Hg2(s)

27. Consider the reaction:

3Co2+(aq) + 6NO3¯(aq) + 6Na+(aq) + 2PO43¯(aq) →
Co3(PO4)2(s) + 6Na+(aq) + 6NO3¯(aq)
Identify the net ionic equation for this reaction.
A. Na+(aq) + NO3¯(aq) → NaNO3(aq)
B. 3Co2+(aq) + NO3¯(aq) + Na+(aq) + 2PO43¯(aq) → Co3(PO4)2(s) + NaNO3(aq)
C. 3Co2+(aq) + 6NO3¯(aq) + 6Na+(aq) + 2PO43¯(aq) → Co3(PO4)2(s) + 6NaNO3(aq)
D. 3Co2+(aq) + 2PO43¯(aq) → Co3(PO4)2(s)
E. None of these choices is correct.
28. An acid
A. produces hydroxide ions when dissolved in water.
B. changes the color of phenolphthalein indicator from colorless to pink.
C. donates electrons in an electron transfer reaction.
D. donates protons in a proton transfer reaction.
E. does none of these choices.

29. A base
A. causes phenolphthalein indicator to change from colorless to pink.
B. donates a proton in a proton transfer reaction.
C. accepts electrons in an electron transfer reaction.
D. produces hydrogen ions in solution.
E. does none of these choices.

30. Which of the following is a weak acid?

A. H2SO4
B. HNO3
C. HF
D. HBr
E. HCl

31. Which, if any, of the following properties applies to weak acids?

A. They are strong electrolytes.
B. They are excellent conductors of electricity.
C. When dissolved in water, they do not ionize completely.
D. All of these choices are correct.
E. None of these choices is correct.

32. Which of the following is a strong acid?

A. H3PO4
B. HNO3
C. HF
D. CH3COOH
E. H2O

33. Which of the following is a strong base?

A. NH3
B. Ca(OH)2
C. Al(OH)3
D. B(OH)3
E. CH3OH
34. Which of the following is a weak base?
A. NH3
B. Ca(OH)2
C. Ba(OH)2
D. NaOH
E. CH3COOH

35. Ammonia, NH3, produces hydroxide ions in aqueous solution by

A. donating a proton to an acid molecule.
B. donating a proton to a water molecule.
C. donating a hydrogen ion to a water molecule.
D. accepting an electron from an acid molecule.
E. accepting a proton from a water molecule.

36. Which one of the following substances is a strong acid?

A. HNO3
B. H2CO3
C. NH3
D. CH3COOH
E. H3PO4

37. Select the correct set of products for the following reaction.
Ba(OH)2(aq) + HNO3(aq) →
A. BaN2(s) + H2O(l)
B. Ba(NO3)2(aq) + H2O(l)
C. Ba(s) + H2(g) + NO2(g)
D. Ba2O(s) + NO2(g) + H2O(l)
E. No reaction occurs.

38. Select the net ionic equation for the reaction between lithium hydroxide and hydrobromic
acid. LiOH(aq) + HBr(aq) → H2O(l) + LiBr(aq)
A. LiOH(aq) → Li+(aq) + OH¯(aq)
B. HBr(aq) → H+(aq) + Br¯(aq)
C. H+(aq) + OH¯(aq) → H2O(l)
D. Li+(aq) + Br¯(aq) → LiBr(aq)
E. Li+(aq) + OH¯(aq) + H+(aq) + Br¯(aq) → H2O(l) + LiBr(aq)

39. A standard solution of 0.243 M NaOH was used to determine the concentration of a
hydrochloric acid solution. If 46.33 mL of NaOH is needed to neutralize 10.00 mL of the
acid, what is the molar concentration of the acid?
A. 0.0524 M
B. 0.888 M
C. 1.13 M
D. 2.26 M
E. 2.43 M
40. Automobile batteries use 3.0 M H2SO4 as an electrolyte. How much 1.20 M NaOH will be
needed to neutralize 225 mL of battery acid?
H2SO4(aq) + 2NaOH(aq) → 2H2O(l) + Na2SO4(aq)
A. 0.045 L
B. 0.28 L
C. 0.56 L
D. 0.90 L
E. 1.1 L

41. Vinegar is a solution of acetic acid, CH3COOH, dissolved in water. A 5.54-g sample of
vinegar was neutralized by 30.10 mL of 0.100 M NaOH. What is the percent by weight of
acetic acid in the vinegar?
A. 0.184%
B. 1.63%
C. 3.26%
D. 5.43%
E. 9.23%

42. A 0.00100 mol sample of Ca(OH)2 requires 25.00 mL of aqueous HCl for neutralization
according to the reaction below. What is the concentration of the HCl?
Equation: Ca(OH)2(s) + 2HCl(aq) → CaCl2(aq) + H2O(l)
A. 0.0200 M
B. 0.0400 M
C. 0.0800 M
D. 4.00 × 10¯5 M
E. None of these choices is correct.

43. Select the best statement relating to the following reaction:

2MnO2(s) + KClO3(aq) + 2KOH(aq) → 2KMnO4(aq) + KCl(aq) + H2O(l)
A. Mn in MnO2 is oxidized.
B. O in KClO3 is the oxidizing agent.
C. K in KClO3 is the reducing agent.
D. H in KOH is oxidized.
E. Cl in KClO3 is the reducing agent.

44. In a redox reaction, electrons are transferred

A. from the substance being oxidized to the reducing agent.
B. from the oxidizing agent to the reducing agent.
C. from the substance being reduced to the oxidizing agent.
D. from the substance being oxidized to the substance being reduced.
E. from the substance being reduced to the substance being oxidized.
45. Calculate the oxidation number of the chlorine in perchloric acid, HClO4, a strong oxidizing
agent.
A. -1
B. +4
C. +5
D. +7
E. None of these choices is correct.

46. Calculate the oxidation number of sulfur in sodium metabisulfite, Na2S2O5.

A. -2
B. +2
C. +4
D. +5
E. None of these choices is correct.

47. Sodium tripolyphosphate is used in detergents to make them effective in hard water.
Calculate the oxidation number of phosphorus in Na5P3O10.
A. +3
B. +5
C. +10
D. +15
E. None of these choices is correct.

48. What is the oxidation number of iodine in I2.

A. -1
B. 0
C. +1
D. +7
E. None of these choices is correct.

49. The oxidation numbers of P, S and Cl in H2PO2¯, H2S and KClO4 are, respectively
A. -1, -1, +3
B. +1, -2, +7
C. +1, +2, +7
D. -1, -2, +7
E. -1, -2, +3

50. Which of the statements below correctly describes the combustion of glucose, shown
below?
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O
A. Hydrogen in C6H12O6 is being reduced.
B. Oxygen in O2 is being oxidized.
C. Hydrogen in C6H12O6 is the reducing agent.
D. Oxygen in C6H12O6 is the oxidizing agent.
E. Carbon in C6H12O6 is being oxidized.
51. Identify the oxidizing agent in the following redox reaction.
Hg2+(aq) + Cu(s) → Cu2+(aq) + Hg(l)
A. Hg2+(aq)
B. Cu(s)
C. Cu2+(aq)
D. Hg(l)
E. Hg2+(aq) and Cu2+(aq)

52. Sodium thiosulfate, Na2S2O3, is used as a "fixer" in black and white photography. Identify
the reducing agent in the reaction of thiosulfate with iodine.
2S2O32¯(aq) + I2(aq) → S4O62¯(aq) + 2I¯(aq)
A. I2(aq)
B. I¯(aq)
C. S2O32¯(aq)
D. S4O62¯(aq)
E. S2O32¯(aq) and I¯(aq)

53. Which one of the following is not a redox reaction?

A. 2H2(g) + O2(g) → 2H2O(l)
B. Zn(s) + H2SO4(aq) → ZnSO4(aq) + H2(g)
C. H2O(l) + NH3(g) → NH4+(aq) + OH¯(aq)
D. 6FeSO4(aq) + K2Cr2O7(aq)+ 7H2SO4(aq)
→ Cr2(SO4)3(aq) + 3Fe2(SO4)3(aq)+ K2SO4(aq) + 7H2O(l)
E. Cl2(g) + 2KBr(aq) → Br2(l) + 2KCl(aq)

54. Which one of the following is not a redox reaction?

A. 2H2O2(aq) → 2H2O(l) + O2(g)
B. N2(g) + 3H2(g) → 2NH3(g)
C. BaCl2(aq) + K2CrO4(aq) → BaCrO4(aq) + 2KCl(aq)
D. 2Al(s) + Fe2O3(s) → Al2O3(s) + 2Fe(s)
E. 2H2O(g) → 2H2(g) + O2(g)

55. Which one of the following is a redox reaction?

A. 2Na(g) + Cl2(g) → 2NaCl(s)
B. Ba2+(aq) + SO42¯(aq) → BaSO4(s)
C. K2Cr2O7(aq) + 2KOH(aq) → 2K2CrO4(aq) + H2O(l)
D. Na2CO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) → 2NaCl(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)
E. H2O(l) → H+(aq) + OH¯(aq)

56. Which one of the following is not a redox reaction?

A. 2Na(s) + 2H2O(l) → 2NaOH(aq) + H2(g)
B. H2(g) + Cl2(g) → 2HCl(g)
C. 2H2O2(aq) → 2H2O(l) + O2(g)
D. Fe2O3(s) + 3H2SO4(aq) → Fe2(SO4)3(aq) + 3H2O(l)
E. 2KMnO4(aq) + 10FeSO4(aq) + 8H2SO4(aq) →
K2SO4(aq) + 2MnSO4(aq) + 5Fe2(SO4)3(aq) + 8H2O(l)
57. Identify all the spectator ions in the following reaction.
2KMnO4(aq) + 10FeSO4(aq) + 8H2SO4(aq) →
K2SO4(aq) + 2MnSO4(aq) + 5Fe2(SO4)3(aq) + 8H2O(l)
A. only K+
B. only SO42¯
C. only K+ and SO42¯
D. only K+, SO42¯ and Fe2+
E. only K+, SO42¯, Fe2+ and Mn2+

58. Balance the following redox equation using the smallest integers possible and select the
correct coefficient for the iron(II) hydroxide, Fe(OH)2.
Fe(OH)2(s) + CrO42¯(aq) → Fe2O3(s) + Cr(OH)4¯(aq) + H2O(l) + OH¯(aq)
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
E. 6

59. Balance the following redox equation using the smallest integers possible and select the
correct coefficient for the hydrogen sulfite ion, HSO3¯.
MnO4¯(aq) + HSO3¯(aq) + H+(aq) → Mn2+(aq) + SO42¯(aq) + H2O(l)
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 5
E. 10

60. Balance the following redox equation using the smallest integers possible and select the
correct coefficient for the chromate anion, CrO42¯.
CrO42¯(aq) + CN¯(aq) + H2O(l) → CNO¯(aq) + Cr(OH)4¯(aq) + OH¯(aq)
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 5
E. 6

61. Balance the following redox equation using the smallest integers possible and select the
correct coefficient for the bromide anion, Br¯.
Br2(aq) + OH¯(aq) → Br¯(aq) + BrO3¯(aq) + H2O(l)
A. 1
B. 2
C. 5
D. 6
E. 10
62. The amount of calcium present in milk can be determined by adding oxalate to a sample
and measuring the mass of calcium oxalate precipitated. What is the mass percent of
calcium if 0.429 g of calcium oxalate forms in a 125-g sample of milk when excess aqueous
sodium oxalate is added?
Na2C2O4(aq) + Ca2+(aq) → CaC2O4(s) + 2Na+(aq)
A. 0.107%
B. 0.202%
C. 0.343%
D. 1.10%
E. 1.37%

63. Select the classification for the following reaction.

2Na(s) + 2H2O(l) → 2NaOH(aq) + H2(g)
A. precipitation
B. acid-base
C. redox
D. combination
E. None of these choices is correct.

64. Select the classification for the following reaction: Fe2+(aq) + 2OH¯(aq) → Fe(OH)2(s)
A. precipitation
B. acid-base
C. redox
D. decomposition
E. None of these choices is correct.

65. Select the classification for the following reaction: NH3(aq) + HNO3(aq) → NH4NO3(aq)
A. precipitation
B. acid-base
C. redox
D. decomposition
E. None of these choices is correct.

66. Select the classification for the following reaction:

KOH(aq) + HCl(aq) → KCl(aq) + H2O(l)
A. precipitation
B. acid-base
C. redox
D. combination
E. None of these choices is correct.

67. Select the classification for the following reaction: Fe(s) + 2Fe3+(aq) → 3Fe2+(aq)
A. precipitation
B. acid-base
C. redox
D. decomposition
E. None of these choices is correct.
68. Select the classification for the following reaction:
BaCl2(aq) + K2SO4(aq) → BaSO4(s) + 2KCl(aq)
A. precipitation
B. acid-base
C. redox
D. decomposition
E. None of these choices is correct.

69. Select the classification for the following reaction: H2(g) + Cl2(g) → 2HCl(g)
A. combination
B. decomposition
C. displacement
D. acid-base
E. None of these choices is correct.

70. The compound P4O10 is used in refining sugar. Select the classification for the reaction in
which it is synthesized. P4(s) + 5O2(g) → P4O10(s)
A. combination
B. decomposition
C. displacement
D. acid-base
E. precipitation

71. Select the classification for the following reaction: Na2O(s) + H2O(l) → 2NaOH(aq)
A. combination
B. decomposition
C. displacement
D. acid-base
E. precipitation

72. Select the classification for the following reaction:

2NaCl(l) 2Na(l) + Cl2(g)
A. acid-base
B. precipitation
C. combination
D. displacement
E. decomposition

73. Select the classification for the following reaction: 2H2O2(aq) → 2H2O(l) + O2(g)
A. combination
B. decomposition
C. displacement
D. acid-base
E. None of these choices is correct.
74. Select the classification for the following reaction.
CaCl2×H2O(s) CaCl2(s) + H2O(g)
A. combination
B. decomposition
C. displacement
D. acid-base
E. precipitation

75. Select the classification for the following reaction: H2CO3(aq) → H2O(l) + CO2(g)
A. combination
B. decomposition
C. displacement
D. acid-base
E. None of these choices is correct.

76. Select the classification for the following reaction.

2Ag+(aq) + Zn(s) → 2Ag(s) + Zn2+(aq)
A. displacement
B. decomposition
C. combination
D. precipitation
E. acid-base

77. Select the classification for the following reaction.

2I¯(aq) + Cl2(aq) → I2(aq) + 2Cl¯(aq)
A. combination
B. displacement
C. decomposition
D. precipitation
E. acid-base

78. Predict the product(s) for the following reaction: Cl2O7(g) + H2O(l) →
A. HClO4(aq)
B. H2ClO4(aq)
C. H(ClO4)2(aq)
D. HCl(aq) + O2(g)
E. HClO3(aq)

79. Predict the product(s) for the following reaction: BaO(s) + CO2(g) →
A. Ba(s) + CO3(g)
B. BaCO3(s)
C. BaO(s) + C(s)
D. Ba(s) + CO32¯(s)
E. No reaction occurs.
80. Predict the product(s) for the following reaction: H2SO4(aq) + KOH(aq) →
A. K2SO4(aq) + H2O(l)
B. K2S(aq) + H2O(l)
C. K(s) + H2(g) + SO3(g)
D. KSO4(aq) + H2O(l)
E. No reaction occurs.

81. Predict the product(s) for the following reaction: MgCO3(s)

A. MgO2(s) + CO(g)
B. MgO(s) + CO2
C. Mg(s) + CO2(g) + O2(g)
D. Mg2+(s) + CO2(g) + O2(g)
E. No reaction occurs.

82. Predict the products by completing a balanced equation for the following decomposition
reaction.
CaCl2(l) ?
A. CaCl2(l) Ca(l) + 2Cl¯(l)
B. CaCl2(l) Ca2+(l) + Cl2(g)
C. CaCl2(l) Ca2+(l) + 2Cl¯(l)
D. CaCl2(l) Ca(l) + Cl2(g)
E. CaCl2(l) CaCl(l) + Cl¯(l)

83. An aqueous solution of lead nitrate, Pb(NO3)2, is mixed with one of sodium chromate,
Na2CrO4, resulting in the formation of a precipitate of lead chromate. Write a balanced net
ionic equation for this precipitation reaction, showing all phases.

84. In both of the following reactions, a precipitate is formed. Complete and balance the
equations, showing the phases of the products.
a. AgNO3(aq) + CaCl2(aq) →
b. NaOH(aq) + Fe(NO3)3(aq) →
85. In both of the following reactions, a precipitate is formed. Complete and balance the
equations, showing the phases of the products.
a. BaCl2(aq) + Na2SO4(aq) →
b. Mg(NO3)2(aq) + KOH(aq) →

86. Complete and balance the equation for the following acid-base reaction.
Ca(OH)2(aq) + HCl(aq) →

87. a. You are provided with a 250 mL volumetric flask, deionized water and solid NaOH. How
much NaOH should be weighed out in order to make 250. mL of 0.100 M solution?
b. 25.0 mL of the 0.100 M aqueous NaOH is titrated against sulfuric acid, H2SO4, according
to the equation 2NaOH(aq) + H2SO4(aq) → Na2SO4(aq) + 2H2O(l)
If the volume of sulfuric acid solution required to neutralize the NaOH is 18.62 mL, what is
its concentration?

88. Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) reacts with potassium hydroxide (KOH) as follows.
H2SO4(aq) + 2KOH(aq) → K2SO4(aq) + 2H2O(l)
Calculate the volume of 0.100 M sulfuric acid required to neutralize 25.0 mL of 0.0821 M
KOH. Show all your work.
89. A 0.1873 g sample of a pure, solid acid, H2X was dissolved in water and titrated with
0.1052 M NaOH solution. The balanced equation for the neutralization reaction occurring is
H2X(aq) + 2NaOH(aq) → Na2X(aq) + 2H2O(l)
If the molar mass of H2X is 85.00 g/mol, calculate the volume of NaOH solution needed in
the titration.

90. In each of the following cases, write down the oxidation number of the indicated atom.
a. P in P4
b. C in C2H6
c. S in H2SO4
d. Mn in MnO4¯
e. S in S4O62¯
f. P in Na3PO4

91. Write down the oxidation number of the indicated atom in each of the following formulas:
a. Si in SiO2
b. Cl in ClO2¯
c. Mn in KMnO4
d. C in C6H12O6

92. For each of the following species, supply the oxidation number of the indicated atom.
a. P in H2PO2¯
b. S in Na2S2O3
c. C in CH2O
93. a. Explain or define what is meant by the term "oxidation."
b. Write down the oxidation numbers of all the atoms in the formulas K2Cr2O7 and NaH.

94. Balance the redox equation

HNO3(aq) + C2H6O(aq) + K2Cr2O7(aq) →
KNO3(aq) + C2H4O(aq) + H2O(l) + Cr(NO3)3(aq)

95. Balance the redox equation

K2Cr2O7(aq) + HI(aq) → KI(aq) + CrI3(aq) + I2(s) + H2O(l)

96. a. Define "reduction."

b. Balance the following redox equation.
HNO3(aq) + KI(aq) → NO(g) + I2(s) + H2O(l) + KNO3(aq)

97. a. Define "oxidation."

b. Identify the oxidizing and reducing agents in the following (unbalanced) equation.
HNO3(aq) + C2H6O(aq) + K2Cr2O7(aq) →
KNO3(aq) + C2H4O(aq) + H2O(l) + Cr(NO3)3(aq)
98. Some covalent compounds dissolve in water to produce conducting solutions.
Difficulty: M
True False

99. Covalent compounds, dissolved in water, never produce conducting solutions.

Difficulty: M
True False

100. In an acid-base (neutralization) reaction the indicator will change color at the end point.
Difficulty: E
True False

101. In an acid-base (neutralization) reaction the equivalence point is the point where the
indicator changes color.
Difficulty: M
True False

102. All acid-base reactions produce a salt and water as the only products.
Difficulty: M
True False

103. A particular reaction may be both a precipitation and an acid-base (neutralization) reaction.
Difficulty: M
True False

104. Oxidation is associated with an increase in oxidation number.

Difficulty: E
True False

105. Reduction is the loss of electrons.

Difficulty: E
True False

106. In a redox reaction, the reducing agent undergoes loss of electrons.

Difficulty: E
True False

107. In a redox reaction, the oxidizing agent undergoes loss of electrons.

Difficulty: E
True False

108. All combustion reactions are classified as combination reactions.

Difficulty: M
True False

109. The combustion of an element is always a combination reaction.

Difficulty: M
True False
110. A combination reaction may also be a displacement reaction.
Difficulty: M
True False

111. Chemical reactions generally reach equilibrium because one of the reactants is used up.
Difficulty: M
True False
Chapter 4 The Major Classes of Chemical Reactions Key
1. (p. 143) E

2. (p. 143) A

3. (p. 143) A

4. (p. 143) E

5. (p. 143) E

6. (p. 143) C

7. (p. 143) B

8. (p. 144) B

9. (p. 144) C

10. (p. 148) D

11. (p. 148) A

12. (p. 142) A

13. (p. 142) C

14. (p. 144) B

15. (p. 144) D

16. (p. 142) E

17. (p. 146) B

18. (p. 146) C

19. (p. 146) B

20. (p. 148) B

21. (p. 148) D

22. (p. 148) A

23. (p. 148) C

24. (p. 148) D

25. (p. 148) A

26. (p. 148) B

27. (p. 148) D

28. (p. 150) D

29. (p. 150) A

30. (p. 151) C

31. (p. 151) C

32. (p. 151) B

33. (p. 151) B

34. (p. 151) A

35. (p. 152) E

36. (p. 151) A

37. (p. 153) B

38. (p. 153) C

39. (p. 154) C

40. (p. 154) E

41. (p. 154) C

42. (p. 154) C

43. (p. 162) A

44. (p. 159) D

45. (p. 160) D

46. (p. 160) C

47. (p. 160) B

48. (p. 160) B

49. (p. 160) B

50. (p. 162) E

51. (p. 162) A

52. (p. 162) C

53. (p. 161) C

54. (p. 161) C

55. (p. 161) A

56. (p. 161) D

57. (Sec. 4.5) C

58. (p. 163) E

59. (p. 163) D

60. (p. 163) B

61. (p. 163) C

62. (p. 165) A

63. (p. 161) C

64. (p. 148) A

65. (p. 153) B

66. (p. 153) B

67. (p. 161) C

68. (p. 148) A

69. (p. 167) A

70. (p. 167) A

71. (p. 167) A

72. (p. 167) E

73. (p. 167) B

74. (p. 167) B

75. (p. 167) B

76. (p. 167) A

77. (p. 167) B

78. (p. 151) A

79. (p. 161) B

80. (p. 153) A

81. (p. 174) B

82. (p. 169) D

(p. 148) Pb (aq) + CrO4 (aq) → PbCrO4(s)

2+ 2¯
83.
Difficulty: E

84. (p. 148) a. 2AgNO3(aq) + CaCl2(aq) → 2AgCl(s) + Ca(NO3)2(aq)

b. 3NaOH(aq) + Fe(NO3)3(aq) → Fe(OH)3(s) + 3NaNO3(aq)
Difficulty: M

85. (p. 148) a. BaCl2(aq) + Na2SO4(aq) → BaSO4(s) + 2NaCl(aq)

b. Mg(NO3)2(aq) + 2KOH(aq) → Mg(OH)2(s) + 2KNO3(aq)
Difficulty: M

86. (p. 153) Ca(OH)2(aq) + 2HCl(aq) → CaCl2(aq) + 2H2O(l)

Difficulty: E

87. (p. 154) a. 1.00 g

b. 0.0671 M
Difficulty: M
88. (p. 154) 10.3 mL
Difficulty: M

89. (p. 154) 41.89 mL

Difficulty: M

90. (p. 160) a. 0

b. -3
c. +6
d. +7
e. +2.5
f. +5
Difficulty: E

91. (p. 160) a. +4

b. +3
c.+7
d. 0
Difficulty: E

92. (p. 160) a. +1

b. +2
c. 0
Difficulty: E

93. (Sec. 4.5) a. Oxidation: loss of electrons or increase in oxidation number.

b. K, +1; Cr, +6; O, -2; Na, +1; H, -1
Difficulty: E

94. (p. 163) 8HNO3(aq) + 3C2H6O(aq) + K2Cr2O7(aq) →

2KNO3(aq) + 3C2H4O(aq) + 7H2O(l) + 2Cr(NO3)3(aq)
Difficulty: H

95. (p. 163) K2Cr2O7(aq) + 14HI(aq) → 2KI(aq) + 2CrI3(aq) + 3I2(s) + 7H2O(l)

Difficulty: H

96. (p. 163) a. Reduction: gain of electrons or decrease in oxidation number.

b. 8HNO3(aq) + 6KI(aq) → 2NO(g) + 3I2(s) + 4H2O(l) + 6KNO3(aq)
Difficulty: H

97. (p. 162) a. Oxidation: loss of electrons or increase in oxidation number.

b. Oxidizing agent is K2Cr2O7(aq); reducing agent is C2H6O(aq).
Difficulty: E

98. (p. 144) TRUE

99. (p. 144) FALSE

100. (p. 154) TRUE

101. (p. 154) FALSE

102. (p. 156) FALSE

103. (Sec. 4.4, 4.5) TRUE

104. (p. 161) TRUE

105. (p. 159) FALSE

106. (p. 162) TRUE

107. (p. 162) FALSE

108. (p. 167) FALSE

109. (p. 167) TRUE

110. (p. 167) FALSE

111. (p. 173) FALSE