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    EN24.054 — DQC TIENG ANH 2 "A combination of sewage salt ir polation, sun, sand and wind may destroy tbe huge siatwe on the ouskits of Cairo, This statue ofthe Sun Gad his the body ofa lion and the face of human ‘being tis Five thowstnd years ol, butt isto badly damaged to be completely saved. The siatue Imad already been dug out ofthe sand thee Gines. However, the latest problems are much more serious. Fis, there ae no proper drains and water pipes inthe neighbourhood and the underground passage round the statue heve become blocked. Too much water as been runing into the stone statue for several yours. As a result iny pices of salt lave been left on the stone and have ‘éanaged it, Secondly, sr polation fom thei 0 destroying the ancient statue, The ai eso fll of poisonous gases that tis making the stone eumble and ecay even faster. Thitdly, the statue is being damaged by extremes of temperature for example, is vory cold at nigh, during the day the stone ofthe statue becomes very hot under Cer natu forces such as severe sandstonms also attack the statue. Finally the tourists who visit the statue every day also cause a Tot of damage. 1. Part ofthe statue looks ikea lion and part lke ver: A person, 2. The underground passage round che statue are full of Answer: waste and wate. ‘3. What have polluted thea near the statue? “Answer: cas, buses and lois 44. The statue was bult__ years ago Anse: 5000. 5. Calvo Is in Answer: Egype rasing amount of tai ia Cait is ‘Aaroulture in the West and South ofthe United Sates has waditionally been supported by migrant ‘workers wi migrate oF move from area to area acording tothe erops that need harvesting. Many Chinese, Filipino, and Mex-can immigrants became migrant workers when they first rived in the United States, Oflen they had problems with the English language or no skills that they could ‘immeditely ws inthe new country, A person Tooking objectively atthe living conditions ofthese workers might say that thir way of fife was litle beter than slavery. They were housed in substandard conditions, resived wages fr below the minimum, and ad no medical or insurance benefits. The migrant Workers had no labour unions tha could arya fx Lelie was, beter hous, or inmproved working conditions, They had no money and no power with which to bargin ‘with their employers, Employers were making fortunes by the sweat of thee workers! Brows. It took an idealistic, determined young man named Cesar Chavez to change the plight of the migrant worker forever 1. It ean be inferred from the final sentence ofthe passage tha. Ansiver: conditions for migrant workers are beter now than before the work of Cesar Chavez 2, Which of the following deserbes the work dane by migeant workers? “Answer Te was Tow pal aad working Condions were poor 3. "Plight" means. “Answer ificulcondition, 44. Which ofthe following correctly deseribes migrant workers? Answer: Living and workirg conditions were generally poot 5. The next paragraph of tls passage wll probably be Answer: the changes brought about Cestr Chavez. Bison have not avays lived in North Ameria, they are relative neweomers. They belong, to the Bovidae family, like domexic cattle and the wild buffilo of Aftica and Asia. The oldest known bison fossils have been fond in China and Himalayan foothills, where an animal with all the essential features of the genus lived a million years ago. They evolved rapidly and spread over ‘most ofthe northern hemisphere in Europe and Siberia During one ofthe Toe Ages, the faunas of ‘Asia and Noth America began fo intermingl. Very early, the steppe bison moved eastward tthe [North American continent, Much later, men fellowed the same route 1. What i true about the evolution ofthe bison? Ansvver: They originated in China and inthe Himalayas, 2. The passage would mos likely be assigned reading for courses in which of the following subjects? Ansivert Zoology 3. Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the passage? “Ansvers An introduction tthe Nosh Ammoican bison, 4. The bison moved frow Asla to North Ameria by. “Ansyyer: walking over te ind ‘5, When did the bison move fo North Amerien? ‘Anssver: During one ofthe Toe Age. “Considering their wedding ost over $20,000 and took a year and ahs oxganize, you would be sutpised to hear that Richard and Vietoria Hammond now intend to forget it. Wel, almost. "it was a wondefil wedding, an unbelievable day," says Vietora. "But we have so much we want to do together now, we ate both Jooking to the future.” Her husband, banker and amateur race ‘river Richard, agrees. "Both our minds are now fixed fimly onthe future. Il never forget our ‘wedding ceremony orth rcepion we had at lif side hotel afterwards but there's 0 much We ant, s0 may hopes, Our narsage i so much moe important than the wedding.” "atthe moment, we ae ail ving with my parents," explains Victoria, "so our fst wish sf find ‘our own place, We intend t star looking fora new house with al the modem conveniences i the suburbs in the new year.” Both Vietora and hushand Richard have a lot of siblings. Do they intend to add tothe extended Hammond family? *We plan on having two or tres children ourselves." Richard tes me. "Vitoria is just wonderful with children and I can get 3 yeas patemity leave fiom miy work, chi ust perfect ‘The young couple fas jst retuned from a two-week honeymoon spent in an authentic Scotish castle. Both the newly-weds are big travel lovers and Richard hopes this will continue, "T would Tike to go travelling as much a8 possible together. Traveling with someone else is suc sharing experince. I think its sad 1 experience ll the wonderful places in the world and have no-one else there" Victoria also has another great travel ambition that she might have to do alone. "have alivays been fascinated by safari and any real wish i to go on Safar. Richard has no interest in though “Kd what about the mariage Tae? Tha world with such a high divore rte, how do Richard and Vietoria hope to avoid all the problems that beset so many other couples? Richard explains Ahoughtilly tht “our arnbon isto alivays tal to each other. If you stop communicating, wha chance do you have?" His wife goes along with that completely. "I hope that we can speak about things, but also not expect everything tobe easy. think many people expect the wedlng tobe the end of getting to know each other. think ifthe tart" 1. Vietoria and Richard have been married for about a year and half. Answer: False, 2, Their frst ambition ist find a house to lve Answer: Tre. 3. The wedding was expensive “Answer: Tee. 4. They got married ina dra Answer: Not gives ‘5 Richard hopes to make aking an important pat of their marriage ‘Ansover: Tr. 6, Vitoria thinks she now knows Richard sufficiently well ver: Not given. 7, Richard can temporal eave his Jo to lok after hs children, _Ansiver: Not given ‘8, They both have many brothers and sisters. Answer: Tie ‘9, Richard and Vitoria have identical tastes regarding vacations. Answer: False. 10, Vitoria wants an old fashioned house. Answer: False ic locaton. Come and sail on a Ciyatal Gree ship, We have thee ships: The Ciywal Queen, The Crystal Princess, The Crystal Paice, Come and sail in axuryon suites around the Caribbean Sea for7 or 1 days, (Our seven-day crite costs $2000 and our two-week cruise i $3500. ‘A typical one week erise ay One departure fiom Miami ay Two fice day in Nassua The Bahamas Day Three -neae Hat ay Four -visit Puerto Rico and Antigua Day Five fice day in Barbados Day Six- fre day in Port of Spain, Tvinided Day Sever Day Eight «ly home. {All food and dink i included in the price of your enue (except fr alcoholic drinks). Our euise ‘hips all have a easito, a cinema, a five-star restaurant, a theatre, library and fly equipped aynmnasium, I-you prefer to go ona cise in another pat ofthe world, we also organize eriss in the Baltic ‘Sea andthe Mediterranean, ‘Our ships cary over 2000 rassngers and we have nearly 600 erew members ‘So coine on board today or the holiday of ifetinetCall immediate: 020-455832 travel ta Carcas, Venezuela 1. The sip dossa't aval o Veneziea Answer: False, 2 You can go a cruise for to wooks Answer: Tre. 3. Your eruise starts in The Bahamas. Answer: False, 4. The eruse may startin pain, Answer: Tee. 5. The company only des cruises inthe Caribbean, Answer: False, 6. You can keep fi while you are on boar the cruise ship Answer: True. 7. You have a fre day in Antigua. Answer: False, 8. There are thee different ships in the Crystal Cruises company. Answer: Tee, 9. There isa cinema Answer: Tae, 10, The cruise finishes fn ndiferent country. Answer: Not given board each ship. Delia and Jan Young, newly maid, were poor. Tn's wage was enough to ent only a very small spariment, But thete were wo things of which each was extremely proud. Della had the longest and most beatfal har in all New York, thought Jim, as he watched her combing it; and Jim possessed « magnificent geld pocket-watc, given to him by his father. Christmas was drawing reat, ae Jim and Della began to think what presons they could afford to give eachother, Della livays noticed sadly, when Jim looked at his watch, that it was fixed to the button-bole of his cost, by a common old leather stp, He relly needed a gold chain. And Jn often thought ashe looked at Della doing het long hai, how wel it would lok if only he could buy her a jewelled comb to hold it in place But god watch chain or a welled bair-comb would have cost far more money than either of thei possessed. Now it was Christmas Eve. With tefl eyes Delia had counted the ‘money she had saved fr Jin Caistmas present forthe tenth time: 87 cents. "IT only T knew. she dhought, Then suddenly she had 8 wondevTul idea! Hussey puting on her old hat and coat, the ran down the street vo he shop wit the notice ‘She entered and an hour later ‘walked out ofthe shop richer by 15 dollars, but without er hai! On the way home she stopped at ‘every watch makers shop until at last she found exaedy the right chain to suit Jim's ‘watch, Returning home, with one dollar and 87 cents left in her pocket, she had just enough time before Jin artved home fram work to wrap the presious gift ina piece of coloured pape, and to cul the remaining short snd of her ix, When Jim sw i he was epsschess "OB, Sim, dont lok ‘at me lke that!” Della erie "Il grow again, sure it will. Very quickly. Believe me, And Thad to do it Here, She produced the parcel with the watch - chain from behing her back. "You see, had to sel it to get money for your present. Happy Christmas, dea" When Jim had opened it, he collapsed on a char and laughed nil tears came nto his eyes. Think wed better put our presents sway for while’, he said gently atlas. "You ste," he continued, taking small package from his pocket, "ve sold my watchto buy this comb for your har! Isnt that funny?” Nodding, a the eas {ose it her eyes too, Della gave Jim brave smile and sid: "Ours are the best Christnas presents inthe word, you ow" L.Ifonly The. monet: ow I could get sme money. 2. "Nodding" means that Deli “Answer: dd think it was funny 3. Why die ella and Jim think of giving presents to each other? “Answer: Because Christmas is coming, 4, Della thought theirs were "the best Christmas presen Answer: showed how much they loved each other. 5. Della counted the B7 cents wth tearful eyes because. “Answer: Answer: showed how much they loved each oer Dear David, Many think fr your Tong and interesting leer. What a pity, though, tat you Tad write about what Jonathan has been upto init. T must say it seemed t0 me quite unnecessary. 1 ‘couldnt ofcourse let Amanda read it, though she kept asking for days. Rather thoughtless of you, dear, wasn it because natal the children re interested in your Ieters. You dd tell me, by the way, that there was a bomb explosion in your office building shortly ater you atved, but I suppose you didnt want to worry us. Were you in any danger? TF things get any worse you'l just have to come homme, and well have to manage without all that money. By the way, as you dit answer my question about ‘he washing- machine, Ihave bought a new one, Fully automatic; and rather expensive but i’ supe, [heard about the bomb from Mr Zapp. A very curious visit which T ‘st tell you abou, He carte round the ater evening withthe book you wanted. It was the most ‘ovksvad tine. about sx ji a8 we were about to have dinner but I fl tht {had to invite him in since hed taken the trouble to ring your book round and he looked rather miserable standing in the wet snow ouside the font door wearing watenroof boots and a funny far hat, He didnt need ‘any persuading - practically knocked me over in his eagerness to get i the house. [ook hit int the front room fora quick dink. bt it was ike an iesherg- I dat bother to light fire in there now youre always - so I had to take him into the dining-room, where the children were just beginning to fight beeaute they were hungry for thei dinner. T asked him if he would mind me serving the children their ma while he Finished bis drink, hoping this would give him the idea that he should lave promptly, bathe sid no, he did't mind and T should ea ton, and he took off his hat and coo and sat down io watch ws, And I mean watch us. Hs eyes followed every movement fiom dish to plate to mouth, I was very embarassing. The children fll strangely silent, and 1 could see that Atanda and Robert were looking at each ether and going rei inthe face with the fort of trying not to laugh. Inthe end bad to ask him if he would ike to join ws forthe esl Love Rosemary 1. Rosemary s writing this etter to Davi who Ausives is working aay ftom home. Inthe world” because they 2, What does Rosemary's attitude towards David seem to be? ‘Answer: She worrles about him all the time. ingles highest mnie alway station hangs on t life by a thead Deserted and unmanned since it was ofcaly closed in 1970, Dent, situated hgh nthe ills of Yorkshire, wakes up on six “summer weekends each year, when a special charter tain unloads walkers, sightseers and people wino simply want to catch tain from the highest station to its platforms. But even this fi ‘astence may soon be Brought an end, Dent station situated on the Stel to Carisleallway ine, is said to be the most scenic in the count. But no amount of scenic beauty ean save the line ffom he Bris Rats cash problems. This yea, fr th sake of soonomy, the expres ain which used to passthrough Dent station have been put to another route. I is now an open secret that British Rail ses no fre fr this milvay line. Most of ts teins disappeared some time ago. Bridge, built fon a grand sale a century ago, i filling down. Is not alone. Half dozen raltway routes in the [North of England ae fing a similar threat. The problem isa wor out system and an almost total lack of eash to repair it. Bridges and tunnels are showing thee ages, the wooden supports for the tracks are rotting and engines and coaches are geting old. On major lines between large cities, the problem isnot too bad, Thee Hines still make a profit and eash ean be found to maintain them. But fon the county branch lin, the story differen. AS track wears out, tis not replaced. Instead speed limits are inoduced, making the journey longer than necessary and discouraging customers Ifa bridge is dangerous, thee is ofen only one thing for British Rall to do: go out and find money from another source, This is exact what it did few months ago when abridge at Briling station ‘vas threatening to fall down. Repairs were estimated at 200,000 pounds just for one bridge and ‘Britis Rail ws delighted, nd rather surprised when two local couneils offered half that amount ‘between them. 1. Of al the railway routes n Britain the one which passes through Dent _Angvert pases though the mos atractive countryside. 2. In order to improve the nancla situation of the country railway “Answer: appeal to local councils. 4. Since 1970 Dent staton has been used “Answer: only far apart of ech yer. 4. The people most affected by the dificultes facing the British Rail would appear to be Answer: holiday makers 5. The most urgent problem for many country Answer: rebuilding bridges arly moming in Californie, ad labels Satin, public relations consuliant, is dealing with a huge number of e-mails. Everybody inthe sal company works frm home and relies on e-mails and instant messaging to sty in touch. Elizabeth worries about her worksite balance and chinks that ‘technology makes 1s more productive, but everyone is working all the time ~ weekends, evenings. Its too much." Five o'lock Friday afternoon in the , Paul Renucci, managing director ofa systems integration company, switches off his compute, le now works at home and is of o pick up his children. tn the past it would tke him two hours to get home from the office, ‘Ms Safran and Mir Rencel represent different side ofa modem problem: the capacities ofthe atest conmmunications technologks, such as e-mil, txts, messaging and vido conferencing, make it {itcult to dea the Tne hetween work and lesute and aie important questions about the nature of lexible working’- where employees ean work where and when they choose. “Thete ate thee sues hee, Fist, does the rise of portable, networked devices such as the Blackberry and Palm Treo eally damage an individual's work and life? Second, what is the effet fof these devices om trainal workplace relationships? And third, how do individuals manage them? [A Microsoft survey found tat where Nexbiity had increased, so had productivity and employee morale, together with lowered sess level and stafTtumover, However, individuals ean sue technology related stress as work moves into ther fee dime and 1s, British Ral should vay lines is that of Tom the complexity of the gadgets Gey must uso, such aS mobile phones where manuTacures Gy to persuade customers upgrade more frequently. 4, Workery mente a de text mainly use emals for thelr work connection, Answer: Not given, 2. Ellzabeth is happy with the way she works, Answer: als, ‘3. Those working with Meibilty find it dificult to get spare time. “Answer: Not given, 4. The staffin Elizabeth Safran’s company Angwer: False. 5. It takes Paul a long time to get to work. Answer: False 6. Technology can be stressful fr individuals Answer: Tre 7.4 Mlerosoft survey reported that inerease In Mexiblity leads to inerease in productivity. Answer: Te it used to take Paul Renucst hours o get fo work. Ansyver: Tre. svar inthe head office ast Somalia's prolonged shortage of tain, which has already eaused food supplies t fal and ‘brought unemployment in farming areas, could also affect the production of electricity, and thus reduce the out from the mation’ mines. The mining industry, and especially copper mining, uses 4 huge amount of electiity and is almost completly dependent on the government Electricity ‘Supply Commission. But te Commission has recently asked the mines what would happen if lecticty supplies were rduced by ten, twenty oF they percent. The Commission's power stations, which produce the electricity using coal as fuel, are mosly situated near the large coalilds of Easter Province. But this area has litle water so the cooling towers at the power stations have to be supplied with water frm elsewhere, The problem now is that water levels all rivers and lakes hive fall dangerously lw and, in some ease, ate wel blow the intake pipes ‘which fod int the pipelines which supply the cooling towers. In @ desperate attempt to solve the problem, engineers are spanding some forty milion dallas on building series of small dams ‘cross the Hato River, Its hoped that these dams will make the water level atthe Malawa Dam rise so that water can then be pumped through anew pipeline othe power stations. This will ake time and it is now the dry season. Very lite rain falls before October November, and, afer a shortage which has lasted for four years and is boloved to be the worst in two centuries, nobody ‘an say whether the rans will be sufficient. The amount of electricity and water used bythe mines has tended to increase in recent years. The mines, which produce abeut half the countys export ‘aang, nesd eestrcty inorder to amp fresh ar thrugh thie workings and to drive machines ‘which crash vat quantities of ck, Fach mine alo ha to provide necommovation foe a8 many as tres thousand worker 1. Mow might West Somata’s lack of rain affect eleerielty Supplies and ining? Answer: Electricity supplies to mines may be cut by upto thirty percent, 2. The aeton that the englneers are taking, Answer: may not hep if there i suliient ran, 3. The engineers alm (0. ep more water a the Malawa Dam, Finish-bom botanist Wiliam Nylander taught atthe University of Helsinki fo umber of years ‘and ater moved to Pais, where he Lived unl his death atthe end ofthe inet the second half ofthe last century, he became a prominent fgute in the field of tichenology. ‘Botanists fiom allover the wold set smples this laboratory o be analyzed and clasified. teean be suid without exaggeration that four out of five lichens bea his name. He was the fist realize the importance of wsing chemical reagents in the taxonomy of lichens. He selected the most common reagents used by the chemists of his time, Lichenologists allover the word sill used these reagents, including tincture af edine and hypochlorite, in tei laboratories, During the frst half of the twentith century, «Jaganese named Arahina added only one chemical product - P- Phenol diamines, Nylander was als responsible for discovering that the atmosphere of big cites hindered te lichens! development an caused them to disappear. Now they are used to detest amospherie pollution, Nevertheless, he considered lichens to be simple plants and vehemently opposed the widely accepted modem tories that Hchens are a compound Species formed by two discordant ements: algae and fn 1. How could William Nylander best be described? Answer: ingenious. 2, According t accepted modern theories, which elements form the composition of i “Ansiver: Algae and fungi ich of the following fsnot true? ned scientists sent lichen samples to Ny nswer: he analyzed and csifed them, 5, All of the following are true about Nylander except Answer: He aught botany st university of Pais. Tor one group of children aged between Ten and Files, Saturdays are spent Fearing the art of ‘serious cooking, Ther weet lessons in small classes are so popular that there is waiting ist of 30 children who want ta de the course: Parents pay $ 280 forthe course where thir children can ‘have fin and Tea how to ake god food, ‘Clas member Bill, aged ts, sys, I love my mums cooking and now Fean doit better than he “The teachers make us laugh, especially when we sit down with them fo share the good we've made” Flos is evelve, and she's having problems preparing onions. ‘I love cooking. I did a meal for ten fiends wiich they really esjoyed. Then my mum suggested tke up a hobby, instead of doing nothing at weekends. I was happy saying at home, s0 I wasn’t to Keon at first 1m really glad T decided to come, though’. “Thee teacher, Phillipe, sy I great fun, Childken pay atoation and remeber things beter than adults, although the kitchen isn’t always a5 tidy when theyre cooking! As adults, we're always Teaming more about fod, Iparents intrest their childre in cooking while they are young they" Ihave enh sil 1 male Fd fr themselves when they leave home. 1. Why did Flora join the course Ansover: Her mother wanted her to develop an ines 2, What ean aveader fad out from this text? “Ansiver: why the classes aro sucess ‘3. What isthe writer trying todo in te ext? “Answer: describe how som children spend their pare ime, 4. What does Phillipe say about his young students? Answer: They wil be confident abou coking in fave Hated is «fondamental aman emotion that has deep root in society and eulture. Psychologists believe that group identity and cohesion depend to «large extent on having common enemy. It ‘seems thatthe existence of "bad guys" is an important element in detining who we are within large realm. It could be sti that human beings love to hate, The fist signs appear early in ie ‘when a child, faced with blame for some mistakes, immediately accuses another ehild of an inanimate object such asa tedy bear. Later, onthe schoolyard playground, children in val groups vie fo attention and influence. These basic responses translate into more powerfil emotions later in life. One area where deey-ooted hated is exhibited is inthe ethnic cashes that constantly occur round the glabe, These colts are not only over tetitory but also involve emotional issues of ‘group identity and unity of purpose. For many, there i no "us" without "them" fo hate. Ina word ‘where conflict between superpowers icon the decline, i may be that humanity wil have dificult ‘alapting toa state of muti expect and cooperation. 1. According tothe passage, etnie cones. Answers have their oot in childhood sivas. 2, Which f the following the bes for the passage? “Answers A base emotion {3 What is believed (o beat important aspect of defining group Kdentity? nsvers Facing common enemy. 4. According to the passags, ently chilhood responses to blame ners deionatrate how human beings love bate. ‘5 The author suggests that when children make mistakes, they... ver rarely ace responsblty fr thei actions. Tk took policeman John Pocley only an hour or two to slve the Case of the Thorpeness Bargary. Iemust be said, however, ht the ime was nt dificul. The description, though sight, narowed the number of petsons likey to commit sucha exime to one. Pooley, of cours, knows everyone in the three villages in his cae and thee childcen, But after he had made the arest-something he has to more rarely than once a monte felt woubled because he not only knew the man, but also knew that he had family problems. Jokn Pooleys area is avery large one by police standards, and includes the three villages of Middleton, Dunwich and Westleton, where be lives. With a tot population of 1,219, he has more than twice as many people to look after asthe average policemen has. Moreover, he i attached to the Halesworth subdivision and i fequently given duties ouside his home area, After 15 years ass policeman, he accept these duties without question, but his villages are clearly wher his heart and interest really ie, When he was first seat o Wesleta, he lived inthe police house which was both his and the police station; when the system was changed he bought the house where ke now ives with is wife, Ann, and his wo daughters. He could hardly be better qualified forthe job of village policeman. Before he joined the pole, he was an ‘sgrcultural worker for five yeas and a male use in a mental hospital fr six years. He says: "IE you haven't had another jb before you join the police, you tend to think nothing but police." Crime in the county, of course, i somewhat diferent from city rime. Who was ever attacked while ‘walking along the village set in Middleton? The things which John Pooley as to watch for are people stealing tools and equipment from farm vehicle, or wood from the surrounding forest ‘There are natural dangers to: he is so worried about the fire risk in the forests that he as tamed his bedrooms window into aook-out pos. 1. Why was John Pooley able to solve Case of the Thorpeness Burglary so easly? [Ansver: He knows everything that happens in the 2 From whats sad about John Pooly's work, we learn that he he villages of Midleton, Dunwich and Westeton, Dig ety Because 3.Crime mm “Ansover itis connected wit natural disasters 4. From the passige it appears that nowadays a village policoman like John Poole, has to Answer: look afer more pnple than policemen elsewhere, ‘5 Jol Pooley thinks he swell qualifed for his Jo because Answer: hes countryman at hear. In 1723 there arived in Phiadelphia a peaniless young man, eager Tor work and for knowledge, AS the years poss, this man, Benjamin Franklin, contributed greatly to his city and to his county. Became a priner and a pulisher, and Jeamed man in many subjects, he also helped to spread leaming by establishing a publi library and by founding the American Philosophical Society, wich is an important acadenny of erat scholars to this day. Franklin inated many improvements in the city of Philadephia, making it on ofthe works first cies to ave paved and lighted steets ‘as wel s« police fore anda fire fighting company. He also made many prectical inventions such a the Franklin stove, whick was a very eflcient heater, andthe lighting tod to protect building in ‘lect storms. His Scientifie work with electricity earned Franklin word fame. Franklin played an important role in the early bistory ofthe United States. He took part in drawing up the Declaration ff Independence and the Constitution, He was the fist ambassador to France, and he helped le the weaty of 178, which ended the Revolutionary War. AS an active member and as president ofthe Aboliionis: Society, Franklin devoted the lst years of his lif tothe movernent to end slavery, 1 What made Franklin famous allover the world? Answer Hie sien woek with clecticity. 2. Mow did Franklin help co spread learning? “Answer: He established a public brary and founded the American Philosophical Society 43, Which of the following statements i not true? “Ansner: Franklin alone dr up the Declaration of Independence, 4, When Franklin arrived in Philadelphia fn 1723, he was Anssver: Very poot 5. In what was Franklin adive dui Ansyer: The abolitionist movement i the as years of his ie? Thated almost every day of my time ata boarding shoo! and, in any ease, my Trt tm was 8 disaster, I found it very dfenlt wo setle down, and my unhappiness was made worse because I ‘vas also unhappy at home. A happy home life gives you a base from which you can go into the ‘world with confidence, Bu if ie at home is difficult, life avay at hosting ~ school is almost imposible. A pat from ving to keep to grat many rules and customs, many of which seemed ve. Ta to me stupid, we ware nev allowed tobe alone. You ad tobe with anther ya all ‘extremely dependent on being alone part of every day, so daly life at school was very hard for me, though the other boys managed fly well. In the mide ofthe fis term [developed a cough. The schoo! nuse std it was a “stomach-cough', whatever that may be, and gave me some pills However, aflervards, playing football ina snowstom, I suddenly coud not breathe properly and ‘vas taken to the hospital ill with bronchitis and preumonia. Almost at once Iwas put into a small room with anaer boy who was also very il, He died and I nearly did, My main memory of my stay athe hospital was thatthe night-murses used to get together in my room and pay cards and chat. Keeping the light on and kesping me awake when I was seriously il didnt bother them “When Thad recovered I war sent home far a few weeks and missed a term. When I returned t school, was sent to bed ealy because of my illness, and so managed to get a brief period alone every day. Later on, when | went ino Une ser ptt of the schoo, was allowed to go to the school brary by myself, which was a great improvement. The day [le the schoo, the headmaster ‘sid goodbye and asked whether it was asad day for me, Treplied that twas the happiest day of ‘ny life, He suid T world came to think of my time atthe school very differently, sai that 1 was sure that I would not, Though I have had unhappy day since tat day, have found that my conclisions then ~ that noting afterwards could ever be so bad as boating school- have been proved true 1. When the author was leaving schoo, the headmaster believed the author would “Anse: realize ow good schoo life had been, 2. In the hospital he “Ansys found the nurses behavior distubed him, 3. The author's inss dung the ist term was “Ansiver: not teated bythe school mise. 4, The result of his Iliness was that he had some private time for himself Leading investors have joived the growing chorus of concern about governments and compan rushing into producing bioficls as solution for global warming, saying that many involved inthe ‘sector eould be jeopardising ature profits they donot consider the lng-tem impact of what hey ‘are doing carefully 1s essential to build sustainability extra int the supply chain of any green fuel project inorder to ensure that here i no adverse effect on the surounding environment and soci stuctures. The report produced by the investors expresses concem that many companies ‘may not be fully aware ofthe potenti pitfalls in the biofuel sector. Production of com and soya beans has inerease ratty in the last yes a8 an eco-fiendly altemative to fosilfels but vironmental and fnan ights campaigners are woried tat this will ead to destruction of ain forests. Food pees could sso go up as there is increased competition for eops as both Foodstuffs an sources of fel. Last wee, the UN warmed that biofuels could have dangerous side effects and said that steps need tobe tacen to make sue that land converted 0 grow biofuels doesnot damage te envionment or ease cl unest. There is already great concern about palm ol, which is used {in any foods in addition fo being an important biofuel, as rainforest are being cleared in some counties and people driven from their homes to ereate palm oil plantationsAn analyst and author ofthe investors report says that biofuels are nota cure for climate change but they can play thet part as long as governments and companies manage the social and envitonmental impacss thoroughly. There should also be greater measure taken to inerease efficiency and to reduce demand 1. The inereased production of palm oil Ansiver: affects both peopl nd de envitument 2,_are worrled about the boom in biofuels. Answer: Many people 43. Environmentalists believe that increased produ Answer: wil lead othe dexreton of rainforests. 4. Biofuels might Answer: deve food prices wp. verool city council want to clear the ely of Tt pigeons. They say tat tai people are Feeding the bind, which makes ther ft, The pigeons get bigger because their normal diet would consist of fm of corn and soya ‘weds and insets, not high junk fod they ae eating inthe cy ent. “The eouneil want people toknow that everyane who feeds the pigeons is responsible forthe streets ‘cing wo eso with these bids, They hope te eneourage the birds to move asa from the ely centre and nto pas and open spaces. “Ten robotic birds have been brought into the city cent to Sere the pigeons away and visitors ae tasked not to give the pigeons any food. The mechanical birds - known as ‘obops’- wil ston the roofs of buildings. They ea be moved around to different locations. They look like a peregrine falcon, which is bind that kills pigeons. They even make noses and flap their wings to sere the pigeons. They hope tha the pigeons will go away before the city becomes the European Capital of Cte in vo yeas 1. According to the council, everyone isto blame forthe numbers of pige Answer: False 2, They want the pigeons to move out ofthe city centr. True 3, Robops are the other name of the mechanical birds. ‘TRUE 4, Liverpoo! is the Eurozean Capital of Culture. FALSE '5isitors shouldn't feed the pigeons. TRUE "Mi. Smith gave his wife ten founds for her bietday-ten pretty pound noes. So the day afer her birtiday, Mrs. Smith went sopping. She ueued fora bus; gt on and sat down nex to anol lady. ‘After awhile, she noticed tat the old ladys handbag was open. Inside it, she sw a wad of pound ‘notes exactly ike the ones her shana had given he. So she quickly looked into her own bag= the ‘notes had gone! Mis, Smith was sue thatthe old lady who was sting next o her had stolen then, ‘She thought she would have to cal the police; but ashe disliked making a fuss and geting people into touble she decided to ake back the money from the ol ad's handbag and say nothing more bout it. She loked rou the bus to make sure nobody was watching, then she eaefuly pu her hand into the ol lady's bag to the notes and pt them in her own bag. When she got home thst ‘evening, she showed her hasbond the beautiful hat she had bought "How did you pay fori” he ‘asked "With the money you gave me for my bitday, of course," she replied. “OW? What's tha, then he asked ase pitted toa wad often pound notes on the table 1, When did Mrs. Smith go shopping? Answer: The day ate her seta. 2 What was Mes. Smith sare the old lady bad done? Answer: Stolen her money. 3. Why did Mrs. Smith looked round “Answer: To make sure nobody was watching, 44, What did Me. Sith poln 0? Ansiver: wad of ten pousd notes on the table, ‘5, What did Mes, Sonith se inthe old lady’ Ansiver: A wat of pound mts. handbag? ‘Oris is en oxginization which helps Blind people everywhere, It has built an eye hospital inside a aeroplane and flown ital over the word with an interational medical team. Samantha Graham, a Foateen-yearold schoolgirl Irom England, wont with the plane to Mongolia, Samatha els the story of Eukhtul, a young Wongoian gi ‘ast yeat, wen Eukhusl was walking home from scot, ake was atacked by boys with tik tnd her eyes were badly damaged. Dr Duffey, an Orbis doctor, sid tha without an operation she ‘would never see agai, [thought about al the everyday things I do that she could’ hing like reading schoolbooks, watching television, seeing fiend, and T realized how lucky Ia’. “The Orbis team agreed to operate on Eukhtol and I was allowed to wateh, together with some ‘Mongolian medical student, I prayed the operation would be suecessfil, The next day I waited netvousl with Eukhtou while Dr Duffey removed her bandages. ‘Tn six montis your sight willbe back to norma, he suid, Enh smiled, hee mother ered, and I had to wipe away some tears, toot" “Now Eukhtuul wants to stdy hard to become a doctor. Her whole future has changed, thanks to 8 simple operation. We should 1. After meeting Eukhtoul Samantha fle Answer: grateful for her own sight 2, What is the writes main purpose in writing this text? “Ansiver to report a patient's cure. 3. What i the result of Euktuul’s operation? “Ansiter: Afr some time she will ee as well as befor. 4. What ean a reader Iearu about in this text? Answers th international work of some eye doctors Polyester is now being used for botles. ICI the chenicas and plastics company, bliowes tacit 5 ‘ow beginning to beak the grip of glass on the bottle business and thus take advantage of his huge market. All the plas ranufactirers have been experiencing hard times as their tational products have been doing Sadly world-wide for the last few years. Between 1982 and 1984 the Plastics Divison of ICI had lost a hundved and twenty millon dollars, and they fel that the most hopeful new market was ih packaging, oles and cans. Since 1982 it has opened thee new factories producing "Mel h quality polyester botles are rade. The polyester botle was bor inthe 1970s, when soft drinks companies: ke Coca Cola started selling thei drinks i giant swo-ize containers. Because ofthe build-up ofthe pressure of ‘in these large container, glass was unsuitable. Nor was PVC, the plastic which had been used for bates sine the 19605, etable for drinks with gas in them. A new plastic had to be made Glass is stl cheaper forthe smaller bottles, and will continue toe so unless cil and phistic become much cheaper, bu plastic does well forthe larger sizes. Polyester bots ae virtually tubreakable, The manufitaers claim they ar alo lights, less nosy when being handled and ean be re-wsed, Shopkecpers and other businesspeople are unlikely to object to a change ffom glass to polyester, since these bottes mean few breakages, which are costly and time-consuming. The pablic, though, have beun move dient tapenade ICP commercial department is developing Aitferent botes with intersting shapes, 10 Uy and muke them visually more atractive to the public, The next step couldbe to develop a plastic which could replace ths for food, The problem hte isthe high temperatres necessary fr cooking the food in the container 1. Pasties of various kinds have been used for making bottles Ansiver: since te 1970s but only for large bots 2, Why is IC's Plastis Divison interested in polyester for bots? “Answers The other things they make are not selling wel 3, Plastic containers for holding food in the same way as cans, the raw material from which are possible, but only Tor hot food. 4, Why aren't all bottles now made of polyester? “The public like Waditional glass bottles 5, Manufacturers think polyester bottles are better than glass bottles because they do not break easily Petroleum products, sch a gasoline, Kerosene, home heating oil residual uel oil, and lubricating «ils, come fom one soureecrude ol found below: the earths surface, as wel asunder large bodies ‘of water, fiom a few hundred feet below the surface tas deep as 25,000 fest into the earth's interior. Sometimes ene ale secured by dling shoe through the earth, but more dry holes are Grilled than those producing ol, Pressure atthe source or pumping eres crude il to the surface. ‘Crude oil wells flow a vrying-rates, fom ten to thousands of barrels per hour. Petroleum products sac aivays measured in 42-glln bares, Petroleum predels vary greatly in physical appearance: thin, thik, transparent oF opaque, but regards, their chemical composition is made up of only ‘nwo elemens: carbon aud lydrogen, which form compounds called hydrocarbons. Other chemical ements found in union with the hydrocarbons are few and are classified as impurities. Trace elements ate also found, bat thete are of sue minute quantities that they are disegarded. The ‘combination of eatbon and hydrogen forms many thousands of compounds which are posible ‘because of the vious postions and joining af these two atoms in the hydroearbon molecule. The ‘various pettoleum products ate refined from the enue ail by eating and eondensing the vapors. “These products asthe soled light oil, suchas gasoline, kerosene, and isle ol. The reside retaining after the ight ols are distilled is Known as heavy or residual fel land is used mostly for burning under boilers. Additional complicated refining processes rearange the chemical structre of the hydrocarbons to produce other products, some of which are used to upgrade and increase the octane rating of vatous type of gasolines. 4. Many thousands of hydrbearbon compounds are possible because Answer: the tvo atoms inthe molecule assume many pesitons. 2. Which ofthe following not true? “Answer: Crude ol i lays found a fe hundred fet below the surface. 3, Which ofthe following not listed 98a light olf? “Answer: Lubricating ol 4. How is he crude ol bravght tothe surf Answer: Pressure and pumging. '5, Which of the following k true? ‘Answer: Heating and condensation produce the various products. ‘Siem Reap isa sina town nar the world famous tample of Angkor Wat. The town is charming snd worth exploring, with some fine examples of Khmer and French colonial architecture set ‘ong the more modern developments, Nowadays, vistors are flocking in, using it asa base for sis tothe next temples. From the Sth to the 14th anvures, when Europe was sill struggling out of the Dark Ages, the Cambodian Empire of Argkor covered mast of presentday Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, and “Thailand. The heat ofthis empire during the 12th century was the ancient capital of Angkor Thom, rear present day Siem Reap, the site of the world’s largest temple complexes, which were rediscovered in 1861,This spectacular city was built over 30 years under the reign of King Swryavarmaa If (1113-1150. The area covers about 400 square kilometres and is fl of the finest ‘examples of Khmer at and architecture, Tourists are always amazed atthe scale ofthe place Tn Angkor Wat you wil ie more Tan T00 stone monuments and temple buildings, each of wh contains countless statues, sculptures and relief that have weathered extremely litle over the last days, The nos important temples to vst the 800 years, To see dhe whl thing ea ake seve ae are Angkor Wat, especially at suis or sunset; Angkor Thom, the remain of te capital; Ta Prob, a palace overgrownby jungle; and Bayon. ‘Visas are required ta enter Catnbodia, You can obtain one on arial at Siem Reap Intemational [Ainpor for $20, and passport photo is requited per person. You will lso need another passport Piolo for the Angkor Temple Entrance Pass. Please ensure you take comfortable walking shoes, light clothing and plenty of water to drink siti very hot there. The most eammonly accepted currency in Cambodia isthe US dol 1. The stonework of Angkor Wat i In poor condition today. Amswr: False, 2. Most people vst Siem Reap because ofthe femples in the area, Answer: Tie +3. You will needa couple of passport photos. Answer: True. 4In the th fo he 14th centuries, Europe was more advanced than Cambodi Answer: False. 5. Tr tok few years to ull the capital, Answer: False. 6-Ie takes you around 10 days fo se the: Answer: Not given, 7. Angkor Wat was the capital of the Cambodian eny Answer: False 8. Dawn and dusk are particularly good times fo visit Angkor Wat Answer: Tie lestone work. ‘Some scientists have predicted that healthy alte and children may one day take drags to Tpeowe their intelligence and intelectual performance. A research group has suggested that such cups 9 become 8 common es coffee ores within the next eouple of decades. “To counter this, student king exams might have to take drugs tess ike athletes. There are already drugs that ate known to improve mental performance, like Ritalin, which is given 10 children with problems concentrating. A. drug given to people with touble sleeping also helps people remember numbers. “These drugs ras serious legal and sora questions, but people alee take vitamins to help thera Femember things beter, s¢ it will not be a simple problem to solve, Ic will probably be very dificult to decide at wh pint a food supplement becomes en unfair drug in an examination 1. Intelligence pls ae already as common as coffe o fn, Answer: Faas 2. Vitamins to help peoplestudy are egal “Answer: False, 3. Coffee fs common as tea. “Answer: Not given, 4. sleeping pill helps people remember numbers, Answer Tr: 5. Only children will ake pills to improve thelr intellectual performance, ‘Answer False & Students could have fo take intelligence drugs tests, Answer: True. 7. Faod supplements are untat. Answer: False ‘8, Ritalin effective for those with problems concentrating, Answer: Not given. ‘hanno, the bull tthe cere oF tree Tegal ight, fas been killed. Afler positive test for “TB, an order was made far his slaughter, in Keeping wih the lav, However the multi-faith community where he lived went to cout to ty to save im as he was a saered animal 9 Hindus.A High Court judge said that se order to kil ha was unlawful, but the decision was overtrned in the Appeal Court, Police ha tobe called in as worshippers ind formed a human shield around the inal to stop him being taken away. Opinion is very divided on the isue= some believe that he tras a danger to the raionl herd and needed to be Killed, while others fee that religious beliefs shouldbe respected and the community had offered to provide suficient measures to ensure that he ‘would wot nfl any other nin if he contacted the disse as they planned to isolate hi, The ‘authorities eut through the security fence and led the bull away. The following moming they snnounced that he had been given a lethal injection. ‘The debate onthe issue is unlikely to end withthe death of Shambo and may widen into a debate out the policy of killing cows that test postive for TB, ‘Statement: The comunity dd not do much to ty to save him, ‘Top of Form 1. The comunity did no do much to try to save Answer: False. 2. The action that che englners are taking “Answer: may not help if thee i sufiient ran 3 Everybody feos that heneeded to be killed “Ansvver: False 4, Shamnbo was dette i with Answer: False 5, Shambo lived in areligius community Answer: True 6. The debate on Shambo's death would cease son NOT GIVEN 7 Shambo sas injected with « poison. rm, ‘Te 8 The ease went to more than one cour. rRur, 19 Police went in because there were violent protests False “The building company Hong Kong Howsing is building « new suburb in Shanghai, a cty with population of more than 15 million people. But this suburb i nt lke other pats of Shanghai. 1s tite pee of England. Te name ofthe new rca is "English Town’, The manager of Hong Kong, Housing, Shi Guangsheng, mys many people in this area of China want to buy an English howse and live in an Englishtown, "This town is ike Bristol ot Chester. Tere isan English square and tete ate pigeons to fee ike in Trafalgar Square, London, These are four English-style pubs and you can buy English beer to drink. There is eal and you can row a boat there lke in Cambridge” ‘Ave there any cricket fieks? *No, there arent any places to play cricket because nobody in ‘Shanghai can play this game. Bu there isa football stadium lke those in England. And the thing ‘we are very proud of i our shopping stret, There ae several shops were you can buy traitional English fod like fish an chips or Christmas Pudding." ‘The rich Shanghai businesiman can do some gardening too. For wih every house in "English ‘Towa, there isan English liv and there ae long gardens with ponds and tall hedges ‘But there sone problem, The hoes inthis part of town costa minimum of $400,000! 1 Most houses have ala, nner: False 2. There aren't any erekel fields i the new development ‘Ansoyer: Tae. 43. The English pubs look tke pubs in Cambridge, vert Not given 44. These houses are only for English people to buy: Aunsr: False. 5. Guangsheng feels proud about the English Answer Tive 6. Thore are a variety of birds on the square ‘Answer: Not give, 7, Somme houses east milions of dollars. ‘Answer: Not given, 8, "English Town i Ansiver: Te. “Te fet that most Americans lve Tn urban area door not mean that they reside in the center of large cities. Infact, more Americans live in the suburbs of large metropolitan areas than in the ies themselves. The Bureau of Census regards any area with more than 2,500 people as an urban a, ae does not consider boundaries of etes and suburbs. According tothe Bureau, the political boundaries are les significant than the social and economic relationships and the transportation and communication syste that integrate a local. The term used by the Bureau for an integrated metropolis is an MSA, which stands for Metropolitan Statistical Are, In general, an MSA is ay ‘ee that contains a city and its surrounding suburbs and has a total population of $0,000 or mre. [At the present time, the Bureau repets more than 280 MSAs, whi together account for 75 percent uf the U.S. population. In adlition, the Bureau roeognizen eighteen magapolees, tha is, continous adjacent metrogalien areas, One ofthe most obvious megapolises includes a chain of hundceds of cites and suburbs across tn states on the East Coast from Massachusets to Virginia, including Boston, New York, and Washington D.C. In the Easter Corridor, as itis called, 8 population of 45 milion inhabitants is conceatrated, Another megapolis that is growing rapidly is the California coast from San Francisco throug Los Angeles to San Diego. 1. According tothe Bureau of Census, what isan MSA? [Answers A city and its subarbs with att population ofa east 50,000 people 2. Where do most Amerleans live? tle shops. Chinese ety. “Rnsiver athe sibutbe suroanding large cies. '3. Which ofthe following woul he the best tile forthe passage? “Ansiter: Type of Population Centers. 4. Which ofthe fllowing are not considered important in defining a Answer: Political boundaries, "The makers ofa controversial comput ganve about bullying have decided to go ahead and Taunch it despite calls fori to be banned. Inthe game, players take on the role of a new students at a school and have to fight the bullies, by punching them or hting them with a baseball bat. Cis have sid that the game encourages violence, but the makers deny ths and say that, while there i violence in the game, iti just an arming look at schoo life, besides whieh, the violence in the ‘game is directed aginst the bles to protet pupils who are being bullied. The makers also say that players wil ean to stand upto bullies. A British politician, a former minster, has called fo it to be banned as it might affect the way young people perceive violence. Ant-bllying charities have said thatthe game might mike people respond violently to bullies, which might make things more

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